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Substance P—like Immunoreactive Nerves in the Human Eye

Substance P—like Immunoreactive Nerves in the Human Eye Abstract • Using immunohistochemical methods, substance P is localized to nerves of the human eye. Immunoreactive nerve fibers occur in the cornea, about limbal blood vessels, and within the trabecular meshwork. Substance P—like immunoreactive nerve fibers surround uveal blood vessels, especially in the choroid and ciliary body. Immunoreactive nerves are seen in ciliary processes. The ciliary muscle is innervated, as are the iris dilator and sphincter muscles. Apposition of immunoreactive nerves to uveal melanocytes is apparent. The distribution of substance P—like immunoreactive nerves in the human eye parallels that found in other mammals. While substance P probably has important neurotransmitter or neuromodulator roles in the eye, further physiologic studies are required to define its ocular function. References 1. Hökfelt T, Johansson O, Ljungdahl A,et al: Peptidergic neurons . Nature 1980;284:515-520.Crossref 2. Pernow B: Substance P . Pharmacol Rev 1983;35:85-141. 3. Kreiger DT: Brain peptides: What, where and why? Science 1983;222:975-985.Crossref 4. Uddman R, Alumets J, Ehinger B, et al: Vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in ocular and orbital structures of the cat . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;19:878-885. 5. Stone RA, Laties AM, Brecha NC: Substance P—like immunoreactive nerves in the anterior segment of the rabbit, cat and money eye . Neuroscience 1982;7:2459-2468.Crossref 6. Stone RA, Laties AM: Pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive nerves in the guinea pig eye . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983;24:1620-1623. 7. Björklund H, Hoffer B, Olson L, et al: Enkephalin immunoreactivity in iris nerves: Distribution in normal and grafted irides, persistence and enhanced fluorescence after denervations . Histochemistry 1984;80:1-7.Crossref 8. Stone RA, Kuwayama Y, Laties AM, et al: Guinea pig ocular nerves contain a peptide of the cholecystokinin/gastrin family . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:387-391.Crossref 9. Bill A, Stjernschantz J, Mandahl A, et al: Substance P: Release on trigeminal nerve stimulation, effects in the eye . Acta Physiol Scand 1979;106:371-373.Crossref 10. Mandahl A, Bill A: Ocular responses to antidromic trigeminal stimulation, intracameral prostaglandin E, and E2, capsaicin and substance P . Acta Physiol Scand 1981;112:331-338.Crossref 11. Soloway MR, Stjernschantz J, Sears M: The miotic effect of substance P on the isolated rabbit iris . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:47-52. 12. Stjernschantz J, Sears M, Stjernschantz L: Intraocular effects of substance P in the rabbit . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:53-60. 13. Cohen A, Dusman E, Blumberg S, et al: In vitro contraction of the pupillary sphincter by substance P and its stable analogs . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:717-721. 14. Holmdahl G, Häkanson R, Leander S, et al: A substance P antagonist [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]SP, inhibits inflammatory responses in the rabbit eye . Science 1981;214:1029-1031.Crossref 15. Ueda N, Muramatsu I, Sakakibara Y, et al: Noncholinergic, nonadrenergic contraction and substance P in rabbit iris sphincter muscle . Jpn J Pharmacol 1981;31:1071-1079.Crossref 16. Unger WG, Tighe J: The response of the isolated iris sphincter muscle of various mammalian species to substance P . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:677-684.Crossref 17. Laties AM, Stone RA, Brecha NC: Substance P—like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the trabecular meshwork . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;21:484-486. 18. Miller A, Costa M, Furness JB, et al: Substance P immunoreactive sensory nerves supply the rat iris and cornea . Neurosci Lett 1981;23:243-249.Crossref 19. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eränkö L, et al: Immunoreactivity for substance P in the gasserian ganglion, ophthalmic nerve and anterior segment of the rabbit eye . Histochem J 1981;13:435-443.Crossref 20. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eränkö L, et al: Substance P—immunoreactive nerves in the human cornea and iris . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;23:671-674. 21. Tervo K: Histochemical and Ultrastructural Observations on Nerve Development and Neural Transmitters in the Anterior Segment of the Eye, thesis. Helsinki, 1983. 22. Stefanini M, De Martino C, Zamboni L: Fixation of ejaculated spermatozoa for electron microscopy . Nature 1967;216:173-174.Crossref 23. Cuello AC, Galfre G, Milstein C: Detection of substance P in the central nervous system by a monoclonal antibody . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;76:3532-3536.Crossref 24. Unger WG, Butler JM, Cole DF, et al: Substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and somatostatin levels in ocular tissue of normal and sensorily denervated rabbit eyes . Exp Eye Res 1981;32:797-801.Crossref 25. Keen P, Tullo AB, Blyth WA, et al: Substance P in the mouse cornea: Effects of chemical and surgical denervation . Neurosci Lett 1982;29:231-235.Crossref 26. Stjernschantz J, Sears M: Identification of substance P in the anterior uvea and retina of the rabbit . Exp Eyes Res 1982;35:401-404.Crossref 27. Shimizu Y, Kuwayama Y, Fukuda M, et al: Localization of substance P—like immunoreactivity to the anterior eye segment of squirrels: An immunohistochemical analysis . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;22:259-263. 28. Lehtosalo JI, Uusitalo H, Stjernschantz J, et al: Substance P—like immunoreactivity in the trigeminal ganglion . Histochemistry 1984;80:421-427.Crossref 29. Terenghi G, Polak JM, Probert L, et al: Mapping quantitative distribution and origin of substance P— and VIP-containing nerves in the uvea of guinea pig eye . Histochemistry 1982;75:399-417.Crossref 30. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eränkö L, et al: Effect of sensory and sympathetic denervation on substance P immunoreactivity in nerve fibers of the rabbit eye . Exp Eye Res 1982;34:577-585.Crossref 31. Sasaoka A, Ishimoto I, Kuwayama Y, et al: Overall distribution of substance P nerves in the rat cornea and their three-dimensional profiles . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;25:351-356. 32. Lehtosalo JI: Substance P—like immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells supplying the cornea . Histochemistry 1984;80:273-276.Crossref 33. Bynke G, Hakanson R, Sundler F: Is substance P necessary for corneal nociception? Eur J Pharmacol 1984;101:253-258.Crossref 34. Cole DF, Bloom SR, Burnstock G, et al: Increase in SP—like immunoreactivity in nerve fibers of rabbit iris and ciliary body one to four months following sympathetic denervation . Exp Eye Res 1983;37:191-197.Crossref 35. Zhang SQ, Terenghi G, Unger WG, et al: Changes in substance P— and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers in rat and guinea pig irides following unilateral sympathectomy . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:365-372.Crossref 36. Laties AM, Jacobowitz D: A comparative study of the autonomic innervation of the eye in monkey, cat and rabbit . Anat Rec 1966;156:383-396.Crossref 37. Holland MG, von Sallmann L, Collins EM: A study of the innervation of the chamber angle . Am J Ophthalmol 1956;42:( (pt 2) ):148-161. 38. Butler JM, Unger WG, Hammond BR: Sensory mediation of the ocular response to neutral formaldehyde . Exp Eye Res 1979;28:577-589.Crossref 39. Bito LZ: Species differences in the responses of the eye to irritation and trauma: A hypothesis of divergence in ocular defense mechanisms, and the choice of experimental animals for eye research . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:807-829.Crossref 40. Laties AM: Ocular melanin and the adrenergic innervation of the eye . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1974;72:560-605. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Substance P—like Immunoreactive Nerves in the Human Eye

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References (42)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1985.01050080119031
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • Using immunohistochemical methods, substance P is localized to nerves of the human eye. Immunoreactive nerve fibers occur in the cornea, about limbal blood vessels, and within the trabecular meshwork. Substance P—like immunoreactive nerve fibers surround uveal blood vessels, especially in the choroid and ciliary body. Immunoreactive nerves are seen in ciliary processes. The ciliary muscle is innervated, as are the iris dilator and sphincter muscles. Apposition of immunoreactive nerves to uveal melanocytes is apparent. The distribution of substance P—like immunoreactive nerves in the human eye parallels that found in other mammals. While substance P probably has important neurotransmitter or neuromodulator roles in the eye, further physiologic studies are required to define its ocular function. References 1. Hökfelt T, Johansson O, Ljungdahl A,et al: Peptidergic neurons . Nature 1980;284:515-520.Crossref 2. Pernow B: Substance P . Pharmacol Rev 1983;35:85-141. 3. Kreiger DT: Brain peptides: What, where and why? Science 1983;222:975-985.Crossref 4. Uddman R, Alumets J, Ehinger B, et al: Vasoactive intestinal peptide nerves in ocular and orbital structures of the cat . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1980;19:878-885. 5. Stone RA, Laties AM, Brecha NC: Substance P—like immunoreactive nerves in the anterior segment of the rabbit, cat and money eye . Neuroscience 1982;7:2459-2468.Crossref 6. Stone RA, Laties AM: Pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive nerves in the guinea pig eye . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983;24:1620-1623. 7. Björklund H, Hoffer B, Olson L, et al: Enkephalin immunoreactivity in iris nerves: Distribution in normal and grafted irides, persistence and enhanced fluorescence after denervations . Histochemistry 1984;80:1-7.Crossref 8. Stone RA, Kuwayama Y, Laties AM, et al: Guinea pig ocular nerves contain a peptide of the cholecystokinin/gastrin family . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:387-391.Crossref 9. Bill A, Stjernschantz J, Mandahl A, et al: Substance P: Release on trigeminal nerve stimulation, effects in the eye . Acta Physiol Scand 1979;106:371-373.Crossref 10. Mandahl A, Bill A: Ocular responses to antidromic trigeminal stimulation, intracameral prostaglandin E, and E2, capsaicin and substance P . Acta Physiol Scand 1981;112:331-338.Crossref 11. Soloway MR, Stjernschantz J, Sears M: The miotic effect of substance P on the isolated rabbit iris . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:47-52. 12. Stjernschantz J, Sears M, Stjernschantz L: Intraocular effects of substance P in the rabbit . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:53-60. 13. Cohen A, Dusman E, Blumberg S, et al: In vitro contraction of the pupillary sphincter by substance P and its stable analogs . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;20:717-721. 14. Holmdahl G, Häkanson R, Leander S, et al: A substance P antagonist [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9]SP, inhibits inflammatory responses in the rabbit eye . Science 1981;214:1029-1031.Crossref 15. Ueda N, Muramatsu I, Sakakibara Y, et al: Noncholinergic, nonadrenergic contraction and substance P in rabbit iris sphincter muscle . Jpn J Pharmacol 1981;31:1071-1079.Crossref 16. Unger WG, Tighe J: The response of the isolated iris sphincter muscle of various mammalian species to substance P . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:677-684.Crossref 17. Laties AM, Stone RA, Brecha NC: Substance P—like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the trabecular meshwork . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1981;21:484-486. 18. Miller A, Costa M, Furness JB, et al: Substance P immunoreactive sensory nerves supply the rat iris and cornea . Neurosci Lett 1981;23:243-249.Crossref 19. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eränkö L, et al: Immunoreactivity for substance P in the gasserian ganglion, ophthalmic nerve and anterior segment of the rabbit eye . Histochem J 1981;13:435-443.Crossref 20. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eränkö L, et al: Substance P—immunoreactive nerves in the human cornea and iris . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;23:671-674. 21. Tervo K: Histochemical and Ultrastructural Observations on Nerve Development and Neural Transmitters in the Anterior Segment of the Eye, thesis. Helsinki, 1983. 22. Stefanini M, De Martino C, Zamboni L: Fixation of ejaculated spermatozoa for electron microscopy . Nature 1967;216:173-174.Crossref 23. Cuello AC, Galfre G, Milstein C: Detection of substance P in the central nervous system by a monoclonal antibody . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;76:3532-3536.Crossref 24. Unger WG, Butler JM, Cole DF, et al: Substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and somatostatin levels in ocular tissue of normal and sensorily denervated rabbit eyes . Exp Eye Res 1981;32:797-801.Crossref 25. Keen P, Tullo AB, Blyth WA, et al: Substance P in the mouse cornea: Effects of chemical and surgical denervation . Neurosci Lett 1982;29:231-235.Crossref 26. Stjernschantz J, Sears M: Identification of substance P in the anterior uvea and retina of the rabbit . Exp Eyes Res 1982;35:401-404.Crossref 27. Shimizu Y, Kuwayama Y, Fukuda M, et al: Localization of substance P—like immunoreactivity to the anterior eye segment of squirrels: An immunohistochemical analysis . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1982;22:259-263. 28. Lehtosalo JI, Uusitalo H, Stjernschantz J, et al: Substance P—like immunoreactivity in the trigeminal ganglion . Histochemistry 1984;80:421-427.Crossref 29. Terenghi G, Polak JM, Probert L, et al: Mapping quantitative distribution and origin of substance P— and VIP-containing nerves in the uvea of guinea pig eye . Histochemistry 1982;75:399-417.Crossref 30. Tervo K, Tervo T, Eränkö L, et al: Effect of sensory and sympathetic denervation on substance P immunoreactivity in nerve fibers of the rabbit eye . Exp Eye Res 1982;34:577-585.Crossref 31. Sasaoka A, Ishimoto I, Kuwayama Y, et al: Overall distribution of substance P nerves in the rat cornea and their three-dimensional profiles . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1984;25:351-356. 32. Lehtosalo JI: Substance P—like immunoreactive trigeminal ganglion cells supplying the cornea . Histochemistry 1984;80:273-276.Crossref 33. Bynke G, Hakanson R, Sundler F: Is substance P necessary for corneal nociception? Eur J Pharmacol 1984;101:253-258.Crossref 34. Cole DF, Bloom SR, Burnstock G, et al: Increase in SP—like immunoreactivity in nerve fibers of rabbit iris and ciliary body one to four months following sympathetic denervation . Exp Eye Res 1983;37:191-197.Crossref 35. Zhang SQ, Terenghi G, Unger WG, et al: Changes in substance P— and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers in rat and guinea pig irides following unilateral sympathectomy . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:365-372.Crossref 36. Laties AM, Jacobowitz D: A comparative study of the autonomic innervation of the eye in monkey, cat and rabbit . Anat Rec 1966;156:383-396.Crossref 37. Holland MG, von Sallmann L, Collins EM: A study of the innervation of the chamber angle . Am J Ophthalmol 1956;42:( (pt 2) ):148-161. 38. Butler JM, Unger WG, Hammond BR: Sensory mediation of the ocular response to neutral formaldehyde . Exp Eye Res 1979;28:577-589.Crossref 39. Bito LZ: Species differences in the responses of the eye to irritation and trauma: A hypothesis of divergence in ocular defense mechanisms, and the choice of experimental animals for eye research . Exp Eye Res 1984;39:807-829.Crossref 40. Laties AM: Ocular melanin and the adrenergic innervation of the eye . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1974;72:560-605.

Journal

Archives of OphthalmologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1985

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