Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Pallor of the Optic Disc: Quantitative Photographic Evaluation

Pallor of the Optic Disc: Quantitative Photographic Evaluation Abstract Optic-disc Pallor was evaluated in 280 eyes of 140 normal subjects distributed evenly by sex and age over seven decades. From colored photographs of the disc 15×-enlarged black and white prints of high contrast were made. Relative measurements were determined from the prints. Median or 50th percentile value for area pallor/area disc was 19%; 95th percentile value was 38%. With age, pallor area relative to disc increases about 50% and enlarges more nasally than temporally. Comparison of sex and race showed that white males have larger relative areas of pallor than white females. With this technique, degree of optic-disc pallor can be evaluated quantitatively and used for further defining changes of the optic disc in glaucoma and for screening purposes. References 1. Schwartz B: Cupping and pallor of the optic disc . Arch Ophthalmol 89:269-274, 1973.Crossref 2. Allen L: Ocular fundus photography . Am J Ophthalmol , 57:13-28, 1964. 3. Behrendt T, Doyle KE: Reliability of image size measurements in the new Zeiss fundus camera . Am J Ophthalmol 59:13-28, 1964. 4. Siegel S: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1956. 5. Stell GD, Torrie JH: Principles and Procedures of Statistics With Special References to the Biological Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc, 1960. 6. Mainland D: Elementary Medical Statistics , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1963. 7. Schwartz B: Quantitative description of the normal optic disc in, Puig Solanes M (ed): 21st Concilium Ophthalmologicum Mexico . Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 1971, pp 1825-1828. 8. Holm O, Krakau CET: A photographic method for measuring the volume of papillary excavation . Ann Ophthalmol 1:327-332, 1970. 9. Davies EWG: Quantitative assessment of color of the optic disc by a photographic method . Exp Eye Res 9:106-113, 1970.Crossref 10. Gloster J: The color of the optic disc . Doc Ophthalmol 26:155-163, 1969.Crossref 11. Berkowitz JS, Balter S: Colorimetric measurement of the optic disk . Am J Ophthalmol 69:385-386, 1970. 12. Pickard R: Variations in the size of the physiological cup and their relation to glaucoma . Proc R Soc Med 14:31-40, 1921. 13. Pickard R: A method of recording disc alterations and a study of the growth of normal and abnormal disc cups . Br J Ophthalmol 81-90, 1923. 14. Syndacker D: The normal optic disc: Ophthalmoscopic and photographic studies . Am J Ophthalmol 58:958-964, 1964. 15. Hollows FC, McGuiness R: The size of the optic cup . Trans Ophthalmol Soc N Zeal 19:33-38, 1966. 16. Armaly MF: Genetic determinations of cup/disc ratio of the optic nerve . Arch Ophthalmol 78:35-43, 1967.Crossref 17. Fisher RF, Carpenter RG, Wheeler C: Assessments of established cases of chronic simple glaucoma . Br J Ophthalmol 54:217-228, 1970.Crossref 18. Tomlinson A, Phillips CI: Ratio of optic cup to optic disc in relation to axial length of eyeball and refraction . Br J Ophthalmol 53:765-768, 1969.Crossref 19. Becker B: Cup/disc ratio and topical corticosteroid testing . Am J Ophthalmol 70:681-685, 1970. 20. Pickard R: The alteration in size of the normal optic disc cup . Br J Ophthalmol 32:355-361, 1948.Crossref 21. Armaly MF, Sayegh RE: The cup/disc ratio: The findings of tonometry and tonography in the normal eye . Arch Ophthalmol 82:191-196, 1969.Crossref 22. Colenbrander MC: Measurement of the excavation . Ophthalmologica 139:491-493, 1960.Crossref 23. Ford M, Sarwar M: Features of a clinically normal optic disc . Br J Ophthalmol 47:50-52, 1963.Crossref 24. Ishii K: The diameter of the optic disc . Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jap 55:242-243, 1951 25. Ophthalmol Lit Abstract, No. 2270, 1952 26. Bednarski A: De l'excavation physiologique du nerf optique . Arch Opthalmol (Paris) 42:5-12, 1925. 27. Procksch M Über die Altersveränderung der physiologischen Exkavation . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 122:168-172, 1953. 28. Funder, W: Zum Problem der Alterveränderung der physiologischen Exkavation . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 126:320-323, 1955. 29. Chandler PA, Grant WM: Lectures on Glaucoma . Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1965. 30. Richardson KT: Optic cup symmetry in normal new born infants . Invest Ophthalmol 7: 137-140, 1968. 31. Armaly MF: The correlation between appearance of the optic cup and visual function . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 73:898-913, 1969. 32. Fishman RS: Optic disc asymmetry: A sign of ocular hypertension . Arch Ophthalmol 84:590-594, 1970.Crossref 33. Hollows FC, Graham PA: Intra-ocular pressure, glaucoma and glaucoma suspects in a defined population . Br J Ophthalmol 50:570-586, 1966.Crossref 34. Hollows FC, Graham PA: The Ferndale glaucoma survey , in Hunt LB (ed): Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Early Diagnosis and Some Aspects of Treatment . Edinburgh, E&S Livingstone Ltd, 1966, pp 24-44. 35. Graham PA, Hollows FC: A critical review of methods of detecting glaucoma , in Hunt LB (ed): Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Early Diagnosis and Some Aspects of Treatment . Edinburgh, E & S Livingstone Ltd, 1966, pp 103-115. 36. Kalb IM: Retinal photography in an automated multiphasic screening program: A preliminary report , in Weigelin E (ed): Proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Ophthalmology . Amsterdam, Exerpta Medica Foundation, 1967, pt 2, pp 1028-1034. 37. Allen L: Stereoscopic fundus photography with the new instant positive print films . Am J Ophthalmol 57:539-543, 1964. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Pallor of the Optic Disc: Quantitative Photographic Evaluation

Download PDF
9 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/american-medical-association/pallor-of-the-optic-disc-quantitative-photographic-evaluation-3G778ElClZ

References (40)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1973 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1973.01000040280003
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Optic-disc Pallor was evaluated in 280 eyes of 140 normal subjects distributed evenly by sex and age over seven decades. From colored photographs of the disc 15×-enlarged black and white prints of high contrast were made. Relative measurements were determined from the prints. Median or 50th percentile value for area pallor/area disc was 19%; 95th percentile value was 38%. With age, pallor area relative to disc increases about 50% and enlarges more nasally than temporally. Comparison of sex and race showed that white males have larger relative areas of pallor than white females. With this technique, degree of optic-disc pallor can be evaluated quantitatively and used for further defining changes of the optic disc in glaucoma and for screening purposes. References 1. Schwartz B: Cupping and pallor of the optic disc . Arch Ophthalmol 89:269-274, 1973.Crossref 2. Allen L: Ocular fundus photography . Am J Ophthalmol , 57:13-28, 1964. 3. Behrendt T, Doyle KE: Reliability of image size measurements in the new Zeiss fundus camera . Am J Ophthalmol 59:13-28, 1964. 4. Siegel S: Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1956. 5. Stell GD, Torrie JH: Principles and Procedures of Statistics With Special References to the Biological Sciences . New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co, Inc, 1960. 6. Mainland D: Elementary Medical Statistics , ed 2. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1963. 7. Schwartz B: Quantitative description of the normal optic disc in, Puig Solanes M (ed): 21st Concilium Ophthalmologicum Mexico . Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica, 1971, pp 1825-1828. 8. Holm O, Krakau CET: A photographic method for measuring the volume of papillary excavation . Ann Ophthalmol 1:327-332, 1970. 9. Davies EWG: Quantitative assessment of color of the optic disc by a photographic method . Exp Eye Res 9:106-113, 1970.Crossref 10. Gloster J: The color of the optic disc . Doc Ophthalmol 26:155-163, 1969.Crossref 11. Berkowitz JS, Balter S: Colorimetric measurement of the optic disk . Am J Ophthalmol 69:385-386, 1970. 12. Pickard R: Variations in the size of the physiological cup and their relation to glaucoma . Proc R Soc Med 14:31-40, 1921. 13. Pickard R: A method of recording disc alterations and a study of the growth of normal and abnormal disc cups . Br J Ophthalmol 81-90, 1923. 14. Syndacker D: The normal optic disc: Ophthalmoscopic and photographic studies . Am J Ophthalmol 58:958-964, 1964. 15. Hollows FC, McGuiness R: The size of the optic cup . Trans Ophthalmol Soc N Zeal 19:33-38, 1966. 16. Armaly MF: Genetic determinations of cup/disc ratio of the optic nerve . Arch Ophthalmol 78:35-43, 1967.Crossref 17. Fisher RF, Carpenter RG, Wheeler C: Assessments of established cases of chronic simple glaucoma . Br J Ophthalmol 54:217-228, 1970.Crossref 18. Tomlinson A, Phillips CI: Ratio of optic cup to optic disc in relation to axial length of eyeball and refraction . Br J Ophthalmol 53:765-768, 1969.Crossref 19. Becker B: Cup/disc ratio and topical corticosteroid testing . Am J Ophthalmol 70:681-685, 1970. 20. Pickard R: The alteration in size of the normal optic disc cup . Br J Ophthalmol 32:355-361, 1948.Crossref 21. Armaly MF, Sayegh RE: The cup/disc ratio: The findings of tonometry and tonography in the normal eye . Arch Ophthalmol 82:191-196, 1969.Crossref 22. Colenbrander MC: Measurement of the excavation . Ophthalmologica 139:491-493, 1960.Crossref 23. Ford M, Sarwar M: Features of a clinically normal optic disc . Br J Ophthalmol 47:50-52, 1963.Crossref 24. Ishii K: The diameter of the optic disc . Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jap 55:242-243, 1951 25. Ophthalmol Lit Abstract, No. 2270, 1952 26. Bednarski A: De l'excavation physiologique du nerf optique . Arch Opthalmol (Paris) 42:5-12, 1925. 27. Procksch M Über die Altersveränderung der physiologischen Exkavation . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 122:168-172, 1953. 28. Funder, W: Zum Problem der Alterveränderung der physiologischen Exkavation . Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 126:320-323, 1955. 29. Chandler PA, Grant WM: Lectures on Glaucoma . Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1965. 30. Richardson KT: Optic cup symmetry in normal new born infants . Invest Ophthalmol 7: 137-140, 1968. 31. Armaly MF: The correlation between appearance of the optic cup and visual function . Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 73:898-913, 1969. 32. Fishman RS: Optic disc asymmetry: A sign of ocular hypertension . Arch Ophthalmol 84:590-594, 1970.Crossref 33. Hollows FC, Graham PA: Intra-ocular pressure, glaucoma and glaucoma suspects in a defined population . Br J Ophthalmol 50:570-586, 1966.Crossref 34. Hollows FC, Graham PA: The Ferndale glaucoma survey , in Hunt LB (ed): Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Early Diagnosis and Some Aspects of Treatment . Edinburgh, E&S Livingstone Ltd, 1966, pp 24-44. 35. Graham PA, Hollows FC: A critical review of methods of detecting glaucoma , in Hunt LB (ed): Glaucoma: Epidemiology, Early Diagnosis and Some Aspects of Treatment . Edinburgh, E & S Livingstone Ltd, 1966, pp 103-115. 36. Kalb IM: Retinal photography in an automated multiphasic screening program: A preliminary report , in Weigelin E (ed): Proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Ophthalmology . Amsterdam, Exerpta Medica Foundation, 1967, pt 2, pp 1028-1034. 37. Allen L: Stereoscopic fundus photography with the new instant positive print films . Am J Ophthalmol 57:539-543, 1964.

Journal

Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association

Published: Apr 1, 1973

There are no references for this article.