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T.K. Lyle (1963)
Non-Paralytic Convergent StrabismusAmer Orthop J, 14
M.M.: " Parks (1962)
Strabismus: Symposium of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology
T.K. Lyle (1950)
Worth and Chavasse Squint
M. Ing (1966)
Surgery for Congenital EsotropiaAmer J Ophthal, 61
A. Duane (1917)
Fuchs' Text Book of Ophthalmology
G.J.O. Bridgeton (1963)
Convergent Squint of Early Onset: Results of TreatmentBrit Orthop J, 20
T. Wiesel, D. Hubel (1965)
Extent of recovery from the effects of visual deprivation in kittens.Journal of neurophysiology, 28 6
T. Wiesel, D. Hubel (1965)
Comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye closure on cortical unit responses in kittens.Journal of neurophysiology, 28 6
F.D.: " Costenbader (1958)
Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium II
D. Taylor (1963)
HOW EARLY IS EARLY SURGERY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STRABISMUS?Archives of ophthalmology, 70
(1949)
Rational MedicinePostgraduate Medical Journal, 25
M.M. Parks (1961)
Monofixational PhoriaAmer Orthop J, 11
F.D. Costenbader (1961)
Infantile EsotropiaTrans Amer Ophthal Soc, 59
C. Worth (1929)
Squint: Its Causes, Pathology and TreatmentThe Indian Medical Gazette, 64
D. Hubel (1963)
THE VISUAL CORTEX OF THE BRAIN.Scientific American, 209
T.K. Lyle (1952)
Treatment of Concomitant Convergent EsotropiaTrans Ophthal Soc UK
T.K. Lyle (1953)
Practical Orthoptics in the Treatment of Squint
D. Hubel, T. Wiesel (1965)
Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint.Journal of neurophysiology, 28 6
K. Lyle, Jill Foley (1957)
PROGNOSIS IN CASES OF STRABISMUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ORTHOPTIC TREATMENT*British Journal of Ophthalmology, 41
D.G. Cogan (1966)
Researches into VisionArch Ophthal, 75
L. Sallmann (1915)
Worth's SquintThe Indian Medical Gazette, 50
Abstract Results of a series of 216 patients with congenital strabismus operated on at various age levels were analyzed and bear out the following conclusions. Congenital strabismus is a common disorder. Its incidence in the overall strabismus population is at least 50% and may be higher. The first few years of life appear to be critical in the development of normal binocular single vision. Potentiation of the latent binocular reflexes is brought about by bifoveal stimulation during infancy. Early case detection and adequate surgery are mandatory if functional results are to be obtained. It is recommended that surgery be done between 6 to 12 months of age. The functional goal should be to convert a constant tropia to a phoria. This is the most useful yardstick in evaluating results. Surgery done after the second birthday almost always resulted in functional failure. References 1. Duane, A.: Fuchs' Text Book of Ophthalmology , Philadelphia and London: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1917. 2. Chavasse, F.B.: Worth's Squint , Philadelphia: P. Blakiston Sons and Company, 1939. 3. Worth, C.: Squint: Its Causes, Pathology, and Treatment , Philadelphia: P. Blakiston Sons and Company, 1929. 4. Lyle, T.K.: Worth and Chavasse Squint , London: Bailliére, Tindall, and Cox, 1950. 5. Lyle, T.K.: Treatment of Concomitant Convergent Esotropia , Trans Ophthal Soc UK , 1952. 6. Lyle, T.K., and Jackson, S.: Practical Orthoptics in the Treatment of Squint , Philadelphia: P. Blakiston Sons and Company, 1953. 7. Lyle, T.K., and Foley, J.: Prognosis in Cases of Strabismus With Special Reference to Orthoptic Treatment , Brit J Ophthal 41:129-152, 1957.Crossref 8. Lyle, T.K.: Non-Paralytic Convergent Strabismus , Amer Orthop J 14:60-64, 1963. 9. Bridgeton, G.J.O.: Convergent Squint of Early Onset: Results of Treatment , Brit Orthop J 20:45-53, 1963. 10. Taylor, D.M.: How Early is Early Surgery in the Management of Strabismus? , Arch Ophthal 70:54-58, 1963. 11. Hubel, D.H.: The Visual Cortex of the Brain , Sci Amer 209:54-62 ( (Nov) ) 1963.Crossref 12. Cogan, D.G.: Researches into Vision , Arch Ophthal 75:155-156 ( (Feb) ) 1966.Crossref 13. Wiesel, T.N., and Hubel, D.H.: Comparison of the Effects of Unilateral and Bilateral Eye Closure on Cortical Unit Responses in Kittens , J Neurophysiol 28:1029-1040, 1965. 14. Hubel, D.H. and Wiesel, T.N.: Binocular Interaction in Striate Cortex of Kittens Reared With Artificial Squint , J Neurophysiol 28:1041-1059, 1965. 15. Wiesel, T.N., and Hubel, D.H.: Extent of Recovery From the Effects of Visual Deprivation in Kittens , J Neurophysiol 28:1060-1072, 1965. 16. Costenbader, F.D.: Infantile Esotropia , Trans Amer Ophthal Soc 59:397-429, 1961. 17. Costenbader, F.D.: " Clinical Course and Management of Esotropia ," in Allen, J.H. (ed.): Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium II , St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1958, pp 325-353. 18. Parks, M.M.: " Comitant Esodeviation in Children ," in Haik: G.M. (ed.): Strabismus: Symposium of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology , St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1962, pp 31-44. 19. Parks, M.M.: Monofixational Phoria , Amer Orthop J 11:38-45, 1961. 20. Ing, M., et al: Surgery for Congenital Esotropia , Amer J Ophthal 61:1419-1427 ( (June) ) 1966.
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Apr 1, 1967
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