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R. Brain (1962)
Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Endocrine ExophthalmosTrans Ophthal Soc UK, 82
S. C. Werner (1955)
Euthyroid Patients With Early Eye Signs of Graves' DiseaseAmer J Med, 18
D. G. Cogan (1956)
Neurology of Ocular Muscles
C. H. Millikan (1953)
Thyroid Gland in Relation to Neuromuscular DiseaseAMA Arch Intern Med, 92
A. Sorsby (1958)
Systemic Ophthalmology
D. Grob (1963)
Myopathies and their relation to thyroid disease.New York state journal of medicine, 63
S. Werner (1955)
Euthyroid patients with early eye signs of Graves' disease; their responses to L-triiodothyronine and thyrotropin.The American journal of medicine, 18 4
C. Millikan, S. Haines (1953)
The thyroid gland in relation to neuromuscular disease.A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 92 1
A. Wedd, H. Permar (1928)
OPHTHALMOPLEGIA IN GRAVES' DISEASEThe American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 175
F. F. Rundle (1944)
Ophthalmoplegia in Graves' DiseaseClin Sci, 5
A. Woods (1946)
THE OCULAR CHANGES OF PRIMARY DIFFUSE TOXIC GOITRE A REVIEWMedicine, 25
Brain (1962)
The diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of endocrine exophthalmos.Transactions of the ophthalmological societies of the United Kingdom, 82
J. M. McLean (1959)
Unilateral Lid Retraction Without ExophthalmosAMA Arch Ophthal, 61
Abstract The eye signs of dysthyroid disease may conveniently be divided into two varieties—congestive and noncongestive.1 The congestive type of dysthyroid orbitopathy is characterized by decreased orbital resiliency, lid edema, chemosis, proptosis, visual impairment, and limitation of ocular motility. Although one or both eyes may be affected, in many instances the ocular signs may be minimal. The accompanying myopathy most commonly causes limitation of elevation or abduction. The weakness of upward gaze usually involves both elevators of the involved eye but there are patients who exhibit an isolated paresis of the superior rectus muscle.2,3 These individuals may have a paucity of other ocular and systemic signs of thyroid dysfunction so that the underlying cause of the ophthalmoplegia may be overlooked. It is the purpose of this paper to report four cases of paresis of the superior rectus muscle associated with thyroid dysfunction. Report of Cases Case 1. —A References 1. Cogan, D. G.: Neurology of Ocular Muscles , second ed, Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, Publishers, 1956, pp 44-48. 2. Rundle, F. F., and Wilson, C. W.: Ophthalmoplegia in Graves' Disease , Clin Sci 5:17-29, 1944. 3. Brain, R.: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Endocrine Exophthalmos , Trans Ophthal Soc UK 82:223-242, 1962. 4. Grob, D.: Myopathies and Their Relation to Thyroid Disease , New York J Med 63:218-228 ( (Jan) ) 1963. 5. Sorsby, A.: Systemic Ophthalmology , second ed, London: Butterworth, Ltd., 1958, pp 321-342. 6. Woods, A. C.: Ocular Changes of Primary Diffuse Toxic Goitre: Review , Medicine 25:113 ( (May) ) 1946.Crossref 7. Millikan, C. H., and Haines, S. F.: Thyroid Gland in Relation to Neuromuscular Disease , AMA Arch Intern Med 92:5, 1953.Crossref 8. McLean, J. M., and Norton, E. W. D.: Unilateral Lid Retraction Without Exophthalmos , AMA Arch Ophthal 61:681-686 ( (May) ) 1959.Crossref 9. Werner, S. C.: Euthyroid Patients With Early Eye Signs of Graves' Disease , Amer J Med 18: 608-612, 1955.Crossref
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Jul 1, 1964
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