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M. H. Pirenne (1959)
Psychology: A Study of a Science, 1
O. Lowenstein, I. Loewenfeld (1958)
Electronic pupillography; a new instrument and some clinical applications.A.M.A. archives of ophthalmology, 59 3
H. Harms (1949)
Grundlagen, Methodik und Bedeutung der Pupillenperimetrie f�r die Physiologie und Pathologie des SehorgansGraefe Arch Ophthal, 149
E. Denton, M. Pirenne (1954)
The absolute sensitivity and functional stability of the human eyeThe Journal of Physiology, 123
O. Lowenstein (1958)
Electronic Pupillography: A New Instrument and Some Clinical ApplicationsAMA Arch Ophthal, 59
N. M. Schweitzer (1956)
Threshold Measurements on the Light Reflex of the Pupil in the Dark Adapted EyeDocum Ophthal, 10
J. Berkson (1955)
Estimate of the Integrated Normal Curve by Minimum Normit Chi-Square with Particular Reference to Bio-AssayJournal of the American Statistical Association, 50
Abstract It is generally considered that the pupillary light threshold is slightly higher than the visual threshold. Although work done in this area has been limited, Schweitzer1 did publish an extensive study of this problem in 1956. He found that the pupillary and visual thresholds of the dark-adapted eye were identical when the entire retina was illuminated. When he stimulated small retinal areas, the threshold for a pupillary response was higher than the threshold for a visual response. His conclusion was that the luminous energy falling on larger areas was at least partially summated as far as the pupillary response was concerned. Dr. Irene Loewenfeld2 had illuminated small areas of the retina, 40 degrees temporal to the fovea, in dark-adapted eyes. She found that the pupillary threshold was only 0.3 to 0.5 log unit higher than the visual threshold. She expressed the opinion that, depending upon whether and to References 1. Made by the General Precision Laboratories, Pleasantville, NY. 2. Schweitzer, N. M.: Threshold Measurements on the Light Reflex of the Pupil in the Dark Adapted Eye , Docum Ophthal 10:1-78, 1956.Crossref 3. Loewenfeld, I.: Personal communication to the authors. 4. Lowenstein, O., and Loewenfeld, I.: Electronic Pupillography: A New Instrument and Some Clinical Applications , AMA Arch Ophthal 59:352-363, 1958.Crossref 5. Berkson, J.: Estimate of the Integrated Normal Curve by Minimum Normit Chi-Square With Particular Reference to Bio-Assay , J Amer Statistical Ass 50:529-549, 1955.Crossref 6. Loewenfeld, I.: Personal communication to the authors. 7. Denton, E. J., and Pirenne, M. H.: The Absolute Sensitivity and Functional Stability of the Human Eye , J Physiol 123:417-442, 1954 (See especially Fig 3, p 442). 8. Pirenne, M. H., and Marriott, F. H. C.: " The Quantum Theory of Light and the Psycho-Physiology of Vision ," in Koch, S.: Psychology: A Study of a Science , New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1959, vol 1. 9. Harms, H.: Grundlagen, Methodik und Bedeutung der Pupillenperimetrie für die Physiologie und Pathologie des Sehorgans , Graefe Arch Ophthal 149:1-68, 1949. 10. Loewenfeld, I.: Personal communication to the authors.
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Mar 1, 1964
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