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Evaluation of Ocular Signs and Symptoms in Myasthenia Gravis

Evaluation of Ocular Signs and Symptoms in Myasthenia Gravis Abstract Although the neuromuscular disorder known as myasthenia gravis was first described in the seventeenth century,1 it was not until two centuries later that Erb2 and Goldflam3 firmly established the clinical features of this disease. During the next half century, references in the literature dealt mainly with the clinical and pathological aspects of the disease, and this information is well summarized by Keschner and Strauss.4 Relatively little progress was made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis until the advent of the theory of chemical mediation of nerve impulses at synaptic junctions. With the recognition of the importance of acetylcholine in the transmission of the nerve impulse at the motor end plate in striated muscles, there rapidly developed intense interest in both physiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of this mechanism. This interest has been maintained and has led to many significant advances in our knowledge with References 1. Willis, T.: Two Discourses Concerning the Soul of Brutes , translated by S. Pordage, London, 1683 2. Viets, H. R.: Historical Review of Myasthenia Gravis from 1672 to 1900 , J.A.M.A. 153:1273, 1953.Crossref 3. Erb, W.: Zur Casuistik der bulbaren Lähmungen. (3) Ueber einen neuen, wahrscheinlich bulbaren Symptomencomplex , Arch. Psychiat. 9:336-350, 1879. 4. Goldflam, S.: Ueber einen scheinbar heilbaren bulbarparalytischen Symptomencomplex mit Betheiligung der Extremitäten , Deutsche Ztschr. Nervenh. 4:312-352, 1893.Crossref 5. Keschner, M., and Strauss, I.: Myasthenia Gravis , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 17:337, 1927. 6. Nastuk, W. L.: Symposium on Nyasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Transmission; Fundamental Aspects of the Normal Process , Am. J. Med. 19:661, 1955. 7. Churchill-Davidson, H. C., and Richardson, A. T.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Transmission in Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:691, 1955. 8. Johns, R. J.; Grob, D., and Harvey, A. M.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Electromyographic Changes in Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:679, 1955. 9. Walker, M. B.: Case Showing the Effect of Prostigmin on Myasthenia Gravis , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 28:759, 1935. 10. Viets, H. R., and Schwab, R. S.: Prostigmin in the Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis , New England J. Med. 213:1280, 1935. 11. Viets, H. R., and Schwab, R. S.: Problems in the Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis: A 20 Year Report of the Neostigmine Test , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 80:36, 1955. 12. Osserman, K. E., and Kaplan, L. I.: Rapid Diagnostic Test for Myasthenia Gravis: Increased Muscle Strength, Without Fasciculations, After Intravenous Administration of Edrophonium (Tensilon) Chloride , J.A.M.A. 150:265, 1952. 13. Osserman, K. E., and Teng, P.: Studies in Myasthenia Gravis: Further Progress with Tensilon, a Rapid Diagnostic Test , J.A.M.A. 160:153, 1956. 14. Moore, M. T.: Monocular Myasthenia Gravis , Arch. Ophth. 26:619, 1941. 15. Winton, S. S.: Monocular Myasthenia Gravis , J.A.M.A. 122:1180, 1943. 16. Grob, D.: Course and Management of Myasthenia Gravis , J.A.M.A. 153:529, 1953. 17. Eaton, L. M.; Clagett, O. T., and Blastron, J. A.: Thymus and its Relationship to Diseases of Nervous System: Study of 374 Cases of Myasthenia Gravis and Comparison of 87 Patients Undergoing Thymectomy with 225 Controls , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc. (1952) 32:107, 1953. 18. Schwab, R. S., and Leland, C. C.: Sex and Age in Myasthenia Gravis as Critical Factors in Incidence and Remission , J.A.M.A. 153:1270, 1953. 19. Ferguson, F. R.; Hutchinson, E. C., and Liversedge, L. A.: Myasthenia Gravis; Results of Medical Management , Lancet 2:636, 1955. 20. MacLean, B., and Wilson, J. A.: See-Saw Relationship Between Hyperthyroidism and Myasthenia Gravis , Lancet 1:950, 1954. 21. Walsh, F. B.: Myasthenia Gravis and Its Ocular Signs: A Review , Am. J. Ophth. 28:13, 1945. 22. Kane, C. A.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Effect of Certain Endocrine Glands on Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:729, 1955.Crossref 23. Schlezinger, N. S.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Pregnancy in Myasthenia Gravis and Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:718, 1955.Crossref 24. Osserman, K. E.; Kosovsky, N., and Spurt, H., in discussion on Pregnancy in Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:720, 1955.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

Evaluation of Ocular Signs and Symptoms in Myasthenia Gravis

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References (28)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1959 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6339
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1959.04220060057010
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Although the neuromuscular disorder known as myasthenia gravis was first described in the seventeenth century,1 it was not until two centuries later that Erb2 and Goldflam3 firmly established the clinical features of this disease. During the next half century, references in the literature dealt mainly with the clinical and pathological aspects of the disease, and this information is well summarized by Keschner and Strauss.4 Relatively little progress was made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis until the advent of the theory of chemical mediation of nerve impulses at synaptic junctions. With the recognition of the importance of acetylcholine in the transmission of the nerve impulse at the motor end plate in striated muscles, there rapidly developed intense interest in both physiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of this mechanism. This interest has been maintained and has led to many significant advances in our knowledge with References 1. Willis, T.: Two Discourses Concerning the Soul of Brutes , translated by S. Pordage, London, 1683 2. Viets, H. R.: Historical Review of Myasthenia Gravis from 1672 to 1900 , J.A.M.A. 153:1273, 1953.Crossref 3. Erb, W.: Zur Casuistik der bulbaren Lähmungen. (3) Ueber einen neuen, wahrscheinlich bulbaren Symptomencomplex , Arch. Psychiat. 9:336-350, 1879. 4. Goldflam, S.: Ueber einen scheinbar heilbaren bulbarparalytischen Symptomencomplex mit Betheiligung der Extremitäten , Deutsche Ztschr. Nervenh. 4:312-352, 1893.Crossref 5. Keschner, M., and Strauss, I.: Myasthenia Gravis , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 17:337, 1927. 6. Nastuk, W. L.: Symposium on Nyasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Transmission; Fundamental Aspects of the Normal Process , Am. J. Med. 19:661, 1955. 7. Churchill-Davidson, H. C., and Richardson, A. T.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Neuromuscular Transmission in Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:691, 1955. 8. Johns, R. J.; Grob, D., and Harvey, A. M.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Electromyographic Changes in Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:679, 1955. 9. Walker, M. B.: Case Showing the Effect of Prostigmin on Myasthenia Gravis , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 28:759, 1935. 10. Viets, H. R., and Schwab, R. S.: Prostigmin in the Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis , New England J. Med. 213:1280, 1935. 11. Viets, H. R., and Schwab, R. S.: Problems in the Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis: A 20 Year Report of the Neostigmine Test , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 80:36, 1955. 12. Osserman, K. E., and Kaplan, L. I.: Rapid Diagnostic Test for Myasthenia Gravis: Increased Muscle Strength, Without Fasciculations, After Intravenous Administration of Edrophonium (Tensilon) Chloride , J.A.M.A. 150:265, 1952. 13. Osserman, K. E., and Teng, P.: Studies in Myasthenia Gravis: Further Progress with Tensilon, a Rapid Diagnostic Test , J.A.M.A. 160:153, 1956. 14. Moore, M. T.: Monocular Myasthenia Gravis , Arch. Ophth. 26:619, 1941. 15. Winton, S. S.: Monocular Myasthenia Gravis , J.A.M.A. 122:1180, 1943. 16. Grob, D.: Course and Management of Myasthenia Gravis , J.A.M.A. 153:529, 1953. 17. Eaton, L. M.; Clagett, O. T., and Blastron, J. A.: Thymus and its Relationship to Diseases of Nervous System: Study of 374 Cases of Myasthenia Gravis and Comparison of 87 Patients Undergoing Thymectomy with 225 Controls , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc. (1952) 32:107, 1953. 18. Schwab, R. S., and Leland, C. C.: Sex and Age in Myasthenia Gravis as Critical Factors in Incidence and Remission , J.A.M.A. 153:1270, 1953. 19. Ferguson, F. R.; Hutchinson, E. C., and Liversedge, L. A.: Myasthenia Gravis; Results of Medical Management , Lancet 2:636, 1955. 20. MacLean, B., and Wilson, J. A.: See-Saw Relationship Between Hyperthyroidism and Myasthenia Gravis , Lancet 1:950, 1954. 21. Walsh, F. B.: Myasthenia Gravis and Its Ocular Signs: A Review , Am. J. Ophth. 28:13, 1945. 22. Kane, C. A.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Effect of Certain Endocrine Glands on Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:729, 1955.Crossref 23. Schlezinger, N. S.: Symposium on Myasthenia Gravis; Pregnancy in Myasthenia Gravis and Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:718, 1955.Crossref 24. Osserman, K. E.; Kosovsky, N., and Spurt, H., in discussion on Pregnancy in Myasthenia Gravis , Am. J. Med. 19:720, 1955.Crossref

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1959

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