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BASIS OF STEREOSCOPIC VISION

BASIS OF STEREOSCOPIC VISION Abstract IT IS NOW generally accepted that stereoscopic depth localization arises solely from the disparity between the images in the two eyes. There is still uncertainty, however, regarding the role played by certain factors associated with the disparate stimuli that are also necessary for the emergence of the stereoscopic experience. The most important of these factors pertain to simultaneity and retinal locations. Must the two stimuli be received by the two eyes at the same time, and must they fall on specific horizontally associated retinal elements? According to the literature, the term "simultaneity" cannot be taken literally. Stereopsis can be experienced from disparate images presented successively first to one eye and then to the other.1 However, under such conditions we are probably dealing with afterimages, for it has been shown repeatedly that stereopsis can be obtained from disparate after-images induced in each eye separately.* But the stereoscopic experience from such References 1. References 2 and 3. 2. References 10 and 11. 3. On the basis of his results with a particular instrument for testing depth perception, Loy12 concluded that there was no such vertical extent. 4. Within the areas of fusion the portion of the test line seen binocularly generally appeared in the same direction as the half-image seen by the dominant eye.13 5. References 14 and 15. 6. References 10 and 11. 7. Guilloz, M. T.: Sur la stéréoscopie obtenue par les visions consécutives d'images monoculaires , Compt. rend. Soc. biol. 56:1053-1054 ( (June) ) 1904. 8. Wheatstone, C.: Contributions to the Physiology of Vision: I. On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision , Phil. Tr. Roy. Soc. Lond. 8:371-394, 1838.Crossref 9. Rogers, W. B.: Some Experiments and Inferences in Regard to Binocular Vision , Am. J. Science, s.2 30:387-390, 1860.Crossref 10. Wohlzogen, F. X.: Die Entstehung sterischer Nachbilder , Experientia 8:194, 1952.Crossref 11. van der Meulen, S. G., and van Dooremaal, T. C.: Stereoscopisches Sehen ohne correspondierende Halbbilder , von Graefes Arch. Ophth. 19:137-141, 1873.Crossref 12. van der Meulen, S. G.: Stereoskopie bei unvollkommenem Sehvermögen , von Graefes Arch. Ophth. 19:101-136, 1873.Crossref 13. References 13, 16, and 17. 14. This is not to imply that training of patients with patent stereopsis is not helpful; rather, in these persons the ability to discriminate is probably being improved, without there being a fundamental change in the native stereoscopic ability. 15. Hofmann, F. B.: Physiologische Optik (Raumsinn) , in Graefe, A., and Saemisch, T.: Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1925, Vol. 3, Chap. 12, p. 440. 16. Burian, H.: Studien über zweiäugiges Tiefensehen bei örtlicher Abblendung , von Graefes Arch. Ophth. 136:172-214 ( (Nov.) ) 1936.Crossref 17. Ogle, K. N.: Precision and Validity of Stereoscopic Depth Perception from Double Images , J. Optic. Soc. America 43:906-913 ( (Oct.) ) 1953.Crossref 18. Ogle, K. N.: Disparity Limits of Stereopsis , A. M. A. Arch. Ophth. 48:50-60 ( (July) ) 1952.Crossref 19. Ogle, K. N.: On the Limits of Stereoscopic Vision , J. Exper. Psychol. 44:253-259 ( (Oct.) ) 1952.Crossref 20. Loy, A. W.: Preliminary Report upon New Instrument for Determination of Depth Perception , Am. J. Ophth. 18:447-450 ( (May) ) 1935. 21. Ogle, K. N.: Researches in Binocular Vision , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1950, pp. 181-193. 22. Anderson, E. E., and Weymouth, F. W.: Visual Perception and the Retinal Mosaic: I. Retinal Mean Local Sign—An Explanation of the Fineness of Binocular Perception of Distance , Am. J. Physiol. 64:561-594 ( (May) ) 1923. 23. Matsubayashi, A.: Forschung über die Tiefenwahrnehmung , Acta Soc. ophth. Japan. 42:1-2, 1938. 24. Burian, H. M., and Ogle, K. N.: Aniseikonia and Spatial Orientation , Am. J. Ophth. 28:735-743 ( (July) ) 1945. 25. Burian, H. M.: Influence of Prolonged Wearing of Meridional Size Lenses on Spatial Localization , Arch. Ophth. 30:645-666 ( (Nov.) ) 1943.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

BASIS OF STEREOSCOPIC VISION

A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology , Volume 52 (2) – Aug 1, 1954

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References (21)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1954 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6339
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1954.00920050199003
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract IT IS NOW generally accepted that stereoscopic depth localization arises solely from the disparity between the images in the two eyes. There is still uncertainty, however, regarding the role played by certain factors associated with the disparate stimuli that are also necessary for the emergence of the stereoscopic experience. The most important of these factors pertain to simultaneity and retinal locations. Must the two stimuli be received by the two eyes at the same time, and must they fall on specific horizontally associated retinal elements? According to the literature, the term "simultaneity" cannot be taken literally. Stereopsis can be experienced from disparate images presented successively first to one eye and then to the other.1 However, under such conditions we are probably dealing with afterimages, for it has been shown repeatedly that stereopsis can be obtained from disparate after-images induced in each eye separately.* But the stereoscopic experience from such References 1. References 2 and 3. 2. References 10 and 11. 3. On the basis of his results with a particular instrument for testing depth perception, Loy12 concluded that there was no such vertical extent. 4. Within the areas of fusion the portion of the test line seen binocularly generally appeared in the same direction as the half-image seen by the dominant eye.13 5. References 14 and 15. 6. References 10 and 11. 7. Guilloz, M. T.: Sur la stéréoscopie obtenue par les visions consécutives d'images monoculaires , Compt. rend. Soc. biol. 56:1053-1054 ( (June) ) 1904. 8. Wheatstone, C.: Contributions to the Physiology of Vision: I. On Some Remarkable, and Hitherto Unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision , Phil. Tr. Roy. Soc. Lond. 8:371-394, 1838.Crossref 9. Rogers, W. B.: Some Experiments and Inferences in Regard to Binocular Vision , Am. J. Science, s.2 30:387-390, 1860.Crossref 10. Wohlzogen, F. X.: Die Entstehung sterischer Nachbilder , Experientia 8:194, 1952.Crossref 11. van der Meulen, S. G., and van Dooremaal, T. C.: Stereoscopisches Sehen ohne correspondierende Halbbilder , von Graefes Arch. Ophth. 19:137-141, 1873.Crossref 12. van der Meulen, S. G.: Stereoskopie bei unvollkommenem Sehvermögen , von Graefes Arch. Ophth. 19:101-136, 1873.Crossref 13. References 13, 16, and 17. 14. This is not to imply that training of patients with patent stereopsis is not helpful; rather, in these persons the ability to discriminate is probably being improved, without there being a fundamental change in the native stereoscopic ability. 15. Hofmann, F. B.: Physiologische Optik (Raumsinn) , in Graefe, A., and Saemisch, T.: Handbuch der gesamten Augenheilkunde , Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1925, Vol. 3, Chap. 12, p. 440. 16. Burian, H.: Studien über zweiäugiges Tiefensehen bei örtlicher Abblendung , von Graefes Arch. Ophth. 136:172-214 ( (Nov.) ) 1936.Crossref 17. Ogle, K. N.: Precision and Validity of Stereoscopic Depth Perception from Double Images , J. Optic. Soc. America 43:906-913 ( (Oct.) ) 1953.Crossref 18. Ogle, K. N.: Disparity Limits of Stereopsis , A. M. A. Arch. Ophth. 48:50-60 ( (July) ) 1952.Crossref 19. Ogle, K. N.: On the Limits of Stereoscopic Vision , J. Exper. Psychol. 44:253-259 ( (Oct.) ) 1952.Crossref 20. Loy, A. W.: Preliminary Report upon New Instrument for Determination of Depth Perception , Am. J. Ophth. 18:447-450 ( (May) ) 1935. 21. Ogle, K. N.: Researches in Binocular Vision , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1950, pp. 181-193. 22. Anderson, E. E., and Weymouth, F. W.: Visual Perception and the Retinal Mosaic: I. Retinal Mean Local Sign—An Explanation of the Fineness of Binocular Perception of Distance , Am. J. Physiol. 64:561-594 ( (May) ) 1923. 23. Matsubayashi, A.: Forschung über die Tiefenwahrnehmung , Acta Soc. ophth. Japan. 42:1-2, 1938. 24. Burian, H. M., and Ogle, K. N.: Aniseikonia and Spatial Orientation , Am. J. Ophth. 28:735-743 ( (July) ) 1945. 25. Burian, H. M.: Influence of Prolonged Wearing of Meridional Size Lenses on Spatial Localization , Arch. Ophth. 30:645-666 ( (Nov.) ) 1943.Crossref

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of OphthalmologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1954

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