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J. H. Waite , G. S. Derby (1925)
The Light-Sense in Early Glaucoma, Particularly the Achromatic Scotopic Threshold at the Macula: A Preliminary ReportTr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom, 45
L. Sloan (1939)
INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNICS FOR THE CLINICAL TESTING OF LIGHT SENSE: III. AN APPARATUS FOR STUDYING REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN LIGHT SENSEArchives of Ophthalmology, 22
S. Hecht, J. Mandelbaum (1939)
THE RELATION BETWEEN VITAMIN A AND DARK ADAPTATIONJAMA, 112
W. S. Stiles (1937)
The Luminous Efficiency of Monochromatic Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points and a New Color EffectProc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B, 123
L. Troland (1917)
On the measurement of visual stimulation intensities.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2
L. T. Troland (1917)
The Measurement of Visual Stimulation IntensitiesJ. Exper. Psychol., 2
L. Sloan (1939)
INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNICS FOR THE CLINICAL TESTING OF LIGHT SENSE: II. CONTROL OF FIXATION IN THE DARK-ADAPTED EYEArchives of Ophthalmology, 22
W. Stiles, B. Crawford (1933)
The Luminous Efficiency of Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different PointsProceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 112
W. Wright, J. Nelson (1936)
The relation between the apparent intensity of a beam of light and the angle at which the beam strikes the retina, 48
C. F. Goodeve (1936)
Relative Luminosity in the Extreme RedProc. Roy. Soc., London, s.A, 155
W. Dziobek (1934)
Der Stiles-Crawford Effekt und seine Bedeutung für die PhotometrieLicht, 4
W. S. Stiles (1933)
The Luminous Efficiency of Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different PointsProc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B, 112
L. Troland
The theory and practice of the artificial pupil.Psychological Review, 22
C. Goodeve (1936)
Relative Luminosity in the Extreme RedProceedings of The Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 155
B. H. Crawford (1937)
The Luminous Efficiency of Light Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points and Its Relation to Brightness Threshold MeasurementsProc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B, 124
B. Crawford (1937)
The Luminous Efficiency of Light Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points and Its Relation to Brightness Threshold MeasurementsProceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 124
Abstract It is generally recognized that with other factors constant the intensity of light incident on the retina varies with the size of the pupil and that consequently determinations of the sensitivity of the eye to light are influenced by the size of the subject's pupil. Opinions differ, however, both as to the proper method of controlling or correcting for this variable factor and as to the practical necessity for so doing in clinical studies of light sense. Troland1 in 1917 suggested the employment of a special unit of retinal brightness called the "photon," defined by him as "that intensity of stimulation which accompanies the use of a pupillary area of one square millimeter and an external stimulus surface brightness of one candle per square meter." In order to obtain the photon value of any given stimulus, the external brightness in millilamberts is multiplied by10 π times the area References 1. Troland, L. T.: The Measurement of Visual Stimulation Intensities , J. Exper. Psychol. 2:24-32, 1917.Crossref 2. Stiles, W. S., and Crawford, B. H.: The Luminous Efficiency of Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points , Proc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B 112:428-450, 1933.Crossref 3. Dziobek, W.: Der Stiles-Crawford Effekt und seine Bedeutung für die Photometrie , Licht 4:150-152, 1934. 4. Wright, W. D., and Nelson, J. H.: The Relation Between the Apparent Intensity of a Beam of Light and the Angle at Which the Beam Strikes the Retina , Proc. Phys. Soc. London 48:401-405, 1936.Crossref 5. Stiles, W. S.: The Luminous Efficiency of Monochromatic Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points and a New Color Effect , Proc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B 123:90-118, 1937.Crossref 6. Goodeve, C. F.: Relative Luminosity in the Extreme Red , Proc. Roy. Soc., London, s.A 155:664-683, 1936.Crossref 7. Crawford, B. H.: The Luminous Efficiency of Light Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points and Its Relation to Brightness Threshold Measurements , Proc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B 124:81-96, 1937.Crossref 8. Troland, L. T.: The Theory and Practice of the Artificial Pupil , Psychol. Rev. 22:167-176, 1915.Crossref 9. Waite, J. H.; Derby, G. S., and Kirk, E. B.: The Light-Sense in Early Glaucoma, Particularly the Achromatic Scotopic Threshold at the Macula: A Preliminary Report , Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom 45:301-331, 1925. 10. Hecht, S., and Mandelbaum, J.: The Relation Between Vitamin A and Dark Adaptation , J. A. M. A. 112:1910-1916 ( (May 13) ) 1939.Crossref 11. Sloan, L. L.: Instruments and Technics for the Clinical Testing of Light Sense: III. An Apparatus for Studying Regional Differences in Light Sense , Arch. Ophth. 22:233-251 ( (Aug.) ) 1939.Crossref 12. Sloan, L. L.: Instruments and Technics for the Clinical Testing of Light Sense: II. Control of Fixation in the Dark-Adapted Eye , Arch. Ophth. 22:228-232 ( (Aug.) ) 1939.Crossref
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Aug 1, 1940
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