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Vogelsang (1931)
Der optokinetische Nystagmus in der PraxisKlin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh., 86
S. Hecht (1928)
THE RELATION BETWEEN VISUAL ACUITY AND ILLUMINATIONThe Journal of General Physiology, 11
E. Ricci (1923)
Ottometro luminoso centesimaleAnn. di ottal. e clin. ocul., 51
E. H. Carleton (1932)
Size and Shape of Ocular ImagesArch. Ophth., 7
A. Irvine, M. Weymann (1926)
THE EFFECT ON VISUAL ACUITY OF VIEWING MOTION PICTURES: PRELIMINARY REPORTJAMA, 87
M. Falta (1931)
Neuere Angaben über meine Annährungsprobe zur Bestimmung einseitiger BlindheitKlin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh., 87
A. Snell (1925)
VISUAL EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS DEGREES OF SUBNORMAL VISUAL ACUITY: ITS EFFECT ON EARNING ABILITYJAMA, 85
B. Nowakowski
THE MEASUREMENT OF GLAREAmerican Journal of Epidemiology, 6
Fergus Af (1928)
VISUAL EFFICIENCY AND WORKING ABILITY.BMJ, 2
S. Gifford (1931)
TEST TYPES FOR ESTIMATING WITH WORTH'S AMBLYOSCOPE THE VISION OF MALINGERERSArchives of Ophthalmology, 5
R. B. Taft (1932)
Concerning the Visibility of Roentgen RaysAm. J. Roentgenol., 28
A. H. Pirie (1932)
Seeing with Closed EyesCanad. M. A. J., 27
A. Elschnig (1930)
Standardisierung der SehschärfenbestimmungArch. f. Augenh., 102
A. Contino (1922)
Un nuovo metodo per la determinazione dell'acutezza visivaRev. d'ott. e meccan. di precis., 2
B. A. Nowakowski (1926)
The Measurement of GlareAm. J. Hyg., 6
E. Dorn (1898)
On the Visibility of the Roentgen RaysArch. Roentgen Ray, 2
A. C. Snell (1925)
Visual Efficiency of Various Degrees of Subnormal Visual AcuityJ. A. M. A., 85
C. Edmund (1925)
Vision in Light of Reduced IntensityArch. Ophth., 54
A. R. Irvine (1926)
The Effect on Visual Acuity of Viewing Motion PicturesJ. A. M. A., 87
T. Cutler (1931)
Visual Size and DistanceAmerican Journal of Psychology, 43
H. Laurens
STUDIES ON THE RELATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF SPECTRAL LIGHTS: IV. The Visibility of Radiant EnergyAmerican Journal of Physiology, 67
M. Luckiesh (1931)
Seeing, supplement
H. Laurens (1917)
STUDIES ON THE RELATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUE OF SPECTRAL LIGHTSAmerican Journal of Physiology, 44
M. Luckiesh (1931)
Seeing
A. C. Snell (1925)
Percentage Evaluation of Macular VisionArch. Ophth., 54
Abstract Tests for visual acuity in general measure the macular function of the light-adapted eye. Though the binocular field of vision extends to 184 degrees, the true macular field does not exceed 2 degrees (Fergus1). The factors determining visual acuity in a healthy eye are chiefly refractive error, visual angle, illumination, or rather brightness, contrast and period of exposure. Subordinate factors are irradiation, color, glare, width of pupil, attention and fatigue. FACTORS IN VISUAL ACUITY AND ITS DETERMINATION Illumination.—Illumination in a definite manner affects visual acuity. A person who observed a chart illuminated by 1 foot-candle disclosed a visual acuity of 0.98 minute; when the illumination was increased to 100 foot-candle, the visual acuity improved to 0.61 minute (Luckiesh and Moss2). At the lowest intensities of illumination, the perimacular field is more sensitive than the fovea, and fixation is peripheral. If one constructs a curve References 1. Fergus, A. F.: Visual Efficiency and Working Ability , Brit. M. J. 2:287, 1928.Crossref 2. Luckiesh, M., and Moss, F. K.: Seeing , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1931. 3. Hecht, S.: Relation Between Visual Acuity and Illumination , J. Gen. Physiol. 11:255, 1928.Crossref 4. Laurens, H.: Studies on the Relative Physiological Value of Spectral Lights , Am. J. Physiol. 67:348, 1924. 5. Luckiesh, M., and Moss, F. K.: Seeing, supplement , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1931. 6. Elschnig, A., and Gnad, F.: Standardisierung der Sehschärfenbestimmung , Arch. f. Augenh. 102:475, 1930. 7. Cutler, T. H.: Visual Size and Distance , Am. J. Psychol. 43:621, 1931.Crossref 8. Ames, A.; Gliddon, G. H., and Ogle, K. N.: Size and Shape of Ocular Images , Arch. Ophth. 7:576 ( (April) ) 1932.Crossref 9. Carleton, E. H., and Madigan, L. F. : Size and Shape of Ocular Images , Arch. Ophth. 7:720 ( (May) ) 1932.Crossref 10. Nowakowski, B. A.: The Measurement of Glare , Am. J. Hyg. 6:1, 1926. 11. Snell, A. C.: Visual Efficiency of Various Degrees of Subnormal Visual Acuity , J. A. M. A. 85:1367 ( (Oct. 31) ) 1925.Crossref 12. Snell, A. C., and Sterling, S.: Percentage Evaluation of Macular Vision , Arch. Ophth. 54:443 ( (Sept.) ) 1925. 13. Edmund, C., and Möller, H. U.: Vision in Light of Reduced Intensity , Arch. Ophth. 54:531 ( (Nov.) ) 1925. 14. Contino, A.: Un nuovo metodo per la determinazione dell'acutezza visiva , Rev. d'ott. e meccan. di precis. 2:40, 1922. 15. Ricci, E.: Ottometro luminoso centesimale , Ann. di ottal. e clin. ocul. 51:965, 1923. 16. Irvine, A. R., and Weymann, M. F.: The Effect on Visual Acuity of Viewing Motion Pictures , J. A. M. A. 87:1123 ( (Oct. 2) ) 1926.Crossref 17. Vogelsang: Der optokinetische Nystagmus in der Praxis , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 86:533, 1931. 18. Falta, M.: Neuere Angaben über meine Annährungsprobe zur Bestimmung einseitiger Blindheit , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 87:89, 1931. 19. Gifford, S. R.: Test Types for Estimating with Worth's Amblyoscope the Vision of Malingerers , Arch. Ophth. 5:918 ( (June) ) 1931.Crossref 20. Dorn, E.: On the Visibility of the Roentgen Rays , Arch. Roentgen Ray 2:69, 1898. 21. Taft, R. B.: Concerning the Visibility of Roentgen Rays , Am. J. Roentgenol. 28:245, 1932. 22. Pirie, A. H. : Seeing with Closed Eyes , Canad. M. A. J. 27:488, 1932.
Archives of Ophthalmology – American Medical Association
Published: Jul 1, 1933
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