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FACTORS IN THE DETERMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL ACUITY

FACTORS IN THE DETERMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL ACUITY Abstract Tests for visual acuity in general measure the macular function of the light-adapted eye. Though the binocular field of vision extends to 184 degrees, the true macular field does not exceed 2 degrees (Fergus1). The factors determining visual acuity in a healthy eye are chiefly refractive error, visual angle, illumination, or rather brightness, contrast and period of exposure. Subordinate factors are irradiation, color, glare, width of pupil, attention and fatigue. FACTORS IN VISUAL ACUITY AND ITS DETERMINATION Illumination.—Illumination in a definite manner affects visual acuity. A person who observed a chart illuminated by 1 foot-candle disclosed a visual acuity of 0.98 minute; when the illumination was increased to 100 foot-candle, the visual acuity improved to 0.61 minute (Luckiesh and Moss2). At the lowest intensities of illumination, the perimacular field is more sensitive than the fovea, and fixation is peripheral. If one constructs a curve References 1. Fergus, A. F.: Visual Efficiency and Working Ability , Brit. M. J. 2:287, 1928.Crossref 2. Luckiesh, M., and Moss, F. K.: Seeing , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1931. 3. Hecht, S.: Relation Between Visual Acuity and Illumination , J. Gen. Physiol. 11:255, 1928.Crossref 4. Laurens, H.: Studies on the Relative Physiological Value of Spectral Lights , Am. J. Physiol. 67:348, 1924. 5. Luckiesh, M., and Moss, F. K.: Seeing, supplement , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1931. 6. Elschnig, A., and Gnad, F.: Standardisierung der Sehschärfenbestimmung , Arch. f. Augenh. 102:475, 1930. 7. Cutler, T. H.: Visual Size and Distance , Am. J. Psychol. 43:621, 1931.Crossref 8. Ames, A.; Gliddon, G. H., and Ogle, K. N.: Size and Shape of Ocular Images , Arch. Ophth. 7:576 ( (April) ) 1932.Crossref 9. Carleton, E. H., and Madigan, L. F. : Size and Shape of Ocular Images , Arch. Ophth. 7:720 ( (May) ) 1932.Crossref 10. Nowakowski, B. A.: The Measurement of Glare , Am. J. Hyg. 6:1, 1926. 11. Snell, A. C.: Visual Efficiency of Various Degrees of Subnormal Visual Acuity , J. A. M. A. 85:1367 ( (Oct. 31) ) 1925.Crossref 12. Snell, A. C., and Sterling, S.: Percentage Evaluation of Macular Vision , Arch. Ophth. 54:443 ( (Sept.) ) 1925. 13. Edmund, C., and Möller, H. U.: Vision in Light of Reduced Intensity , Arch. Ophth. 54:531 ( (Nov.) ) 1925. 14. Contino, A.: Un nuovo metodo per la determinazione dell'acutezza visiva , Rev. d'ott. e meccan. di precis. 2:40, 1922. 15. Ricci, E.: Ottometro luminoso centesimale , Ann. di ottal. e clin. ocul. 51:965, 1923. 16. Irvine, A. R., and Weymann, M. F.: The Effect on Visual Acuity of Viewing Motion Pictures , J. A. M. A. 87:1123 ( (Oct. 2) ) 1926.Crossref 17. Vogelsang: Der optokinetische Nystagmus in der Praxis , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 86:533, 1931. 18. Falta, M.: Neuere Angaben über meine Annährungsprobe zur Bestimmung einseitiger Blindheit , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 87:89, 1931. 19. Gifford, S. R.: Test Types for Estimating with Worth's Amblyoscope the Vision of Malingerers , Arch. Ophth. 5:918 ( (June) ) 1931.Crossref 20. Dorn, E.: On the Visibility of the Roentgen Rays , Arch. Roentgen Ray 2:69, 1898. 21. Taft, R. B.: Concerning the Visibility of Roentgen Rays , Am. J. Roentgenol. 28:245, 1932. 22. Pirie, A. H. : Seeing with Closed Eyes , Canad. M. A. J. 27:488, 1932. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Ophthalmology American Medical Association

FACTORS IN THE DETERMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OF VISUAL ACUITY

Archives of Ophthalmology , Volume 10 (1) – Jul 1, 1933

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References (25)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1933 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9950
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archopht.1933.00830020111019
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Tests for visual acuity in general measure the macular function of the light-adapted eye. Though the binocular field of vision extends to 184 degrees, the true macular field does not exceed 2 degrees (Fergus1). The factors determining visual acuity in a healthy eye are chiefly refractive error, visual angle, illumination, or rather brightness, contrast and period of exposure. Subordinate factors are irradiation, color, glare, width of pupil, attention and fatigue. FACTORS IN VISUAL ACUITY AND ITS DETERMINATION Illumination.—Illumination in a definite manner affects visual acuity. A person who observed a chart illuminated by 1 foot-candle disclosed a visual acuity of 0.98 minute; when the illumination was increased to 100 foot-candle, the visual acuity improved to 0.61 minute (Luckiesh and Moss2). At the lowest intensities of illumination, the perimacular field is more sensitive than the fovea, and fixation is peripheral. If one constructs a curve References 1. Fergus, A. F.: Visual Efficiency and Working Ability , Brit. M. J. 2:287, 1928.Crossref 2. Luckiesh, M., and Moss, F. K.: Seeing , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1931. 3. Hecht, S.: Relation Between Visual Acuity and Illumination , J. Gen. Physiol. 11:255, 1928.Crossref 4. Laurens, H.: Studies on the Relative Physiological Value of Spectral Lights , Am. J. Physiol. 67:348, 1924. 5. Luckiesh, M., and Moss, F. K.: Seeing, supplement , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1931. 6. Elschnig, A., and Gnad, F.: Standardisierung der Sehschärfenbestimmung , Arch. f. Augenh. 102:475, 1930. 7. Cutler, T. H.: Visual Size and Distance , Am. J. Psychol. 43:621, 1931.Crossref 8. Ames, A.; Gliddon, G. H., and Ogle, K. N.: Size and Shape of Ocular Images , Arch. Ophth. 7:576 ( (April) ) 1932.Crossref 9. Carleton, E. H., and Madigan, L. F. : Size and Shape of Ocular Images , Arch. Ophth. 7:720 ( (May) ) 1932.Crossref 10. Nowakowski, B. A.: The Measurement of Glare , Am. J. Hyg. 6:1, 1926. 11. Snell, A. C.: Visual Efficiency of Various Degrees of Subnormal Visual Acuity , J. A. M. A. 85:1367 ( (Oct. 31) ) 1925.Crossref 12. Snell, A. C., and Sterling, S.: Percentage Evaluation of Macular Vision , Arch. Ophth. 54:443 ( (Sept.) ) 1925. 13. Edmund, C., and Möller, H. U.: Vision in Light of Reduced Intensity , Arch. Ophth. 54:531 ( (Nov.) ) 1925. 14. Contino, A.: Un nuovo metodo per la determinazione dell'acutezza visiva , Rev. d'ott. e meccan. di precis. 2:40, 1922. 15. Ricci, E.: Ottometro luminoso centesimale , Ann. di ottal. e clin. ocul. 51:965, 1923. 16. Irvine, A. R., and Weymann, M. F.: The Effect on Visual Acuity of Viewing Motion Pictures , J. A. M. A. 87:1123 ( (Oct. 2) ) 1926.Crossref 17. Vogelsang: Der optokinetische Nystagmus in der Praxis , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 86:533, 1931. 18. Falta, M.: Neuere Angaben über meine Annährungsprobe zur Bestimmung einseitiger Blindheit , Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. 87:89, 1931. 19. Gifford, S. R.: Test Types for Estimating with Worth's Amblyoscope the Vision of Malingerers , Arch. Ophth. 5:918 ( (June) ) 1931.Crossref 20. Dorn, E.: On the Visibility of the Roentgen Rays , Arch. Roentgen Ray 2:69, 1898. 21. Taft, R. B.: Concerning the Visibility of Roentgen Rays , Am. J. Roentgenol. 28:245, 1932. 22. Pirie, A. H. : Seeing with Closed Eyes , Canad. M. A. J. 27:488, 1932.

Journal

Archives of OphthalmologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1933

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