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Pallidotomy and Pallidoamygdalotomy in Certain Types of Convulsive Disorders

Pallidotomy and Pallidoamygdalotomy in Certain Types of Convulsive Disorders Abstract The importance of subcortical systems located as far down as the rhombencephalon for the propagation of corticofugal epileptic discharges became evident when it was demonstrated that the generalization of impulses originating in the motor cortex of one side was not prevented in dogs by median sagittal section of the prosencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon (Spiegel and Falkiewicz40). Furthermore, it is known that not only the pyramidal tract (Hering,20 in experiments on dogs) but also all the fiber systems contained in the cerebral peduncles are dispensable for the centrifugal conduction of cortically induced discharges (von Economo and Karplus9 in cats). Thus, an extrapyramidal conduction of corticofugal impulses must play a significant part in the propagation of epileptic discharges; this was also suspected by Krisch,28 on the basis of clinical observations. Important evidence in this direction has been presented by the recent experimental studies of Hayashi19 in dogs References 1. Bailey et al.3 2. Baird, H. W., III; Wycis, H. T., and Spiegel, E. A.: Treatment of Convulsions by Pallidoansotomy , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75:466-447, 1956. 3. Baird, H. W., III; Wycis, H. T., and Spiegel, E. A.: Convulsions in Tuberous Sclerosis Controlled by Elimination of Impulses Originating in the Basal Ganglia , J. Pediat. 49:165-172, 1956. 4. Bailey, P.; Green, J. R.; Amador, L., and Gibbs, F. A.: Treatment of Psychomotor States by Anterior Temporal Lobectomy, in Psychiatric Treatment , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc. (1951) 31:341-346, 1953. 5. Brazier, M. A. B.; Schroeder, H.; Chapman, W. P.; Geyer, C.; Fager, C.; Poppen, J. L.; Solomon, H. C., and Yakovlev, P. I.: Electroencephalographic Recordings from Depth Electrodes Implanted in the Amygdaloid Region in Man , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 6:702, 1954. 6. Ramón y Cajal, S.: Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertèbres , Paris, A. Maloine, 1909. 7. Chapman, W. P.; Schroeder, H. R.; Geyer, G.; Brazier, M. A. B.; Fager, C.; Poppen, J. L.; Solomon, H. C., and Yakovlev, P. I.: Physiological Evidence Concerning Importance of the Amygdaloid Nuclear Region in the Integration of Circulatory Function and Emotion in Man , Science 120: 949-950, 1954. 8. Clarke, C., cited by Janz and Matthes.24 9. Crosby, E. C., and Humphrey, T.: Studies of the Vertebrate Telencephalon: III. The Amygdaloid Complex in the Shrew (Blarina Brevicauda) , J. Comp. Neurol. 81:285-305, 1944. 10. Economo, C. J., and Karplus, J. P.: Pedunculusdurchschneidungen und experimentelle Chorea , Deutsche Ztschr. Nervenh. 36:166-172, 1908-1909. 11. Faeth, W. H.; Walker, A. E., and Warner, W. A.: Experimental Subcortical Epilepsy , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75:548-562, 1956. 12. Feindel, W.; Penfield, W., and Jasper, H.: Localization of Epileptic Discharges in Temporal Lobe Automatism , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 77:14-17, 1952. 13. Feindel, W., and Penfield, W.: Localization of Discharge in Temporal Lobe Automatism , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 72:605-630, 1954. 14. Fox, C. A.: Amygdalo-Thalamic Connections in Macaca Mulatta , Anat. Rec. 103:537-538, 1949. 15. Gastaut, H.; Naquet, R.; Vigouroux, R.; Roger, A., and Badier, M.: Étude électrographique chez l'homme et chez l'animal des décharges épileptiques dites "psychomotrices," Rev. neurol. 88: 310-354, 1953. 16. Gerebtzoff, M. A.: Contribution à la physiologie du corps strié , Arch. internat. Physiol. 51: 333-352, 1941. 17. Glees, P.: The Anatomical Basis of Corticostriate Connexions , J. Anat. 78:47-51, 1944. 18. Gloor, P.: Electrophysiological Studies on the Connections of the Amygdaloid Nucleus in the Cat: I. Neuronal Organization of the Amygdaloid Projection System , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 7:223-242, 1955. 19. Gloor, P.: The Pattern of Conduction of Amygdaloid Seizure Discharge, an Experimental Study in the Cat , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 77:247-258, 1957. 20. Hayashi, T.: A Physiological Study of Epileptic Seizures Following Cortical Stimulation in Animals and Its Application to Human Clinics , Japan. J. Physiol. 3:46-64, 1952. 21. Hering, H. E.: Über Grosshirnrindenreizung nach Durchschneidung der Pyramiden oder anderer Theile des centralen Nervensystems mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rindenepilepsie , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 12:831-833, 1899. 22. Hirasawa, K., and Kariya, K.: Über die corticalen extrapyramidalen Fasern aus dem motorischen Rindenfeld beim Affen , Folia anat. japon. 14:603-620, 1936. 23. Hirasawa, K., and Kato, K.: Fasern, insbesondere die extrapyramidalen aus den Areae 8 u. 9 der Grosshirnrinde beim Affen , Folia anat. japon. 13:189-217, 1935. 24. Hunt, J. R.: On the Occurrence of Static Seizures in Epilepsy , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 56: 351-356, 1922. 25. Janz, D., and Matthes, A.: Die propulsivpetit mal-Epilepsie , Basel, S. Karger, 1955. 26. Jasper, H. H., and Droogleever-Fortuyn, J.: Experimental Studies on the Functional Anatomy of Petit Mal Epilepsy , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc. (1946) 26:272-298, 1947. 27. Johnston, J. B.: Further Contribution to the Study of the Evolution of the Forebrain , J. Comp. Neurol. 35:337-481, 1923. 28. Klingler, J.: Makroskopische Darstellung des Faserverlaufes im Rhinencephalon, Verhandlungen der freien Vereinigung der Anatomen an schweizerischen Hochschulen , 14th Meeting, Basel, Oct. 1-3, 1940. 29. Krisch, H.: Richtlinien für eine extrapyramidale lokalisatorische Analyse des epileptischen Anfalls , Monatsschr. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 56:193-213, 1924. 30. Lauer, E. W.: The Nuclear Pattern and Fiber Connections of Certain Basal Telencephalic Centers in the Macaque , J. Comp. Neurol. 82:215-254, 1945. 31. Lederer, M.: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nick-Krämpfe , Jahrb. Kinderh. 113:275-296, 1926. 32. Lennox, W. G.: The Petit Mal Epilepsies , J. A. M. A. 129:1069-1074, 1945. 33. Levin, P. M.: The Efferent Fibers of the Frontal Lobe of the Monkey, Macaca Mulatta , J. Comp. Neurol. 63:369-419, 1936. 34. Ludwig, E., and Klingler, J.: Noyaux et faisceaux du cerveau humain , Nancy (France), George Thomas, 1938, Table VI. 35. Meyers, R.: The Surgical Treatment of "Focal" Epilepsy , Epilepsia 3:9-36, 1954. 36. Morris, A. A.: Temporal Lobectomy with Removal of Uncus, Hippocampus, and Amygdala , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 76:479-496, 1956. 37. Paillas, J.; Vigouroux, R.; Corriol, J., and Bonnal, J.: Intérêt de l'enregistrement électrographique du noyau amygdalien au cours des opérations pour épilepsie temporale , Rev. neurol. 86: 354, 1952. 38. Papez, J. W.: Summary of Fiber Connections of the Basal Ganglia, with Each Other and with Other Portions of Brain, in Diseases of the Basal Ganglia , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1940) 21:21-68, 1942. 39. Penfield, W., and Jasper, H.: Epilepsy and Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain , Boston, Little, Brown & Company, 1954. 40. Shimamoto, T., and Verzeano, M.: Relations Between Caudate and Diffusely Projecting Thalamic Nuclei , J. Neurophysiol. 17:278, 288, 1954. 41. Spiegel, E. A., and Falkiewicz, T.: Ausbreitung der Erregung im epileptischen Anfall , Arb. Neurol. Inst. Univ. Vienna 28:67-82, 1926. 42. Spiegel, E. A., and Wycis, H. T.: Interrelationships Between Cortex and Subcortical Structures , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. (Supp. 4) , pp. 192-196, 1954. 43. Spiegel, E. A.; Wycis, H. T.; Baird, H. W., III, and Szekely, E. G.: Functional State of Basal Ganglia in Extrapyramidal and Convulsive Disorders , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75: 167-174, 1956. 44. Spiegel, E. A.; Wycis, H. T., and Reyes, V.: Diencephalic Mechanisms in Petit Mal Epilepsy , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 3:473-475, 1951. 45. Terzuolo, C., and Stoupel, N.: Données nouvelles sur les connexions et la physiologie du noyau caudé , Bruxelles med. 33:411, 1953. 46. Walker, A. E.; Johnson, H. C., and Marshall, C.: Electrocorticography , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 84:583, 1949. 47. Walker, A. E.; Poggio, G. F., and Andy, O. J.: Structural Spread of Cortically-Induced Epileptic Discharges , Neurology 6:616-626, 1956. 48. Wilson, K.: An Experimental Research into the Anatomy and Physiology of the Corpus Striatum , Brain 36:427, 1914. 49. Zellweger, H.: Krämpfe im Kindesalter , Helvet. paediat. acta , (Supp. V) , Vol. 3, Fasc. 5, 1948. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

Pallidotomy and Pallidoamygdalotomy in Certain Types of Convulsive Disorders

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References (54)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1958 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6886
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1958.02340120050007
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract The importance of subcortical systems located as far down as the rhombencephalon for the propagation of corticofugal epileptic discharges became evident when it was demonstrated that the generalization of impulses originating in the motor cortex of one side was not prevented in dogs by median sagittal section of the prosencephalon, diencephalon, and mesencephalon (Spiegel and Falkiewicz40). Furthermore, it is known that not only the pyramidal tract (Hering,20 in experiments on dogs) but also all the fiber systems contained in the cerebral peduncles are dispensable for the centrifugal conduction of cortically induced discharges (von Economo and Karplus9 in cats). Thus, an extrapyramidal conduction of corticofugal impulses must play a significant part in the propagation of epileptic discharges; this was also suspected by Krisch,28 on the basis of clinical observations. Important evidence in this direction has been presented by the recent experimental studies of Hayashi19 in dogs References 1. Bailey et al.3 2. Baird, H. W., III; Wycis, H. T., and Spiegel, E. A.: Treatment of Convulsions by Pallidoansotomy , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75:466-447, 1956. 3. Baird, H. W., III; Wycis, H. T., and Spiegel, E. A.: Convulsions in Tuberous Sclerosis Controlled by Elimination of Impulses Originating in the Basal Ganglia , J. Pediat. 49:165-172, 1956. 4. Bailey, P.; Green, J. R.; Amador, L., and Gibbs, F. A.: Treatment of Psychomotor States by Anterior Temporal Lobectomy, in Psychiatric Treatment , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc. (1951) 31:341-346, 1953. 5. Brazier, M. A. B.; Schroeder, H.; Chapman, W. P.; Geyer, C.; Fager, C.; Poppen, J. L.; Solomon, H. C., and Yakovlev, P. I.: Electroencephalographic Recordings from Depth Electrodes Implanted in the Amygdaloid Region in Man , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 6:702, 1954. 6. Ramón y Cajal, S.: Histologie du système nerveux de l'homme et des vertèbres , Paris, A. Maloine, 1909. 7. Chapman, W. P.; Schroeder, H. R.; Geyer, G.; Brazier, M. A. B.; Fager, C.; Poppen, J. L.; Solomon, H. C., and Yakovlev, P. I.: Physiological Evidence Concerning Importance of the Amygdaloid Nuclear Region in the Integration of Circulatory Function and Emotion in Man , Science 120: 949-950, 1954. 8. Clarke, C., cited by Janz and Matthes.24 9. Crosby, E. C., and Humphrey, T.: Studies of the Vertebrate Telencephalon: III. The Amygdaloid Complex in the Shrew (Blarina Brevicauda) , J. Comp. Neurol. 81:285-305, 1944. 10. Economo, C. J., and Karplus, J. P.: Pedunculusdurchschneidungen und experimentelle Chorea , Deutsche Ztschr. Nervenh. 36:166-172, 1908-1909. 11. Faeth, W. H.; Walker, A. E., and Warner, W. A.: Experimental Subcortical Epilepsy , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75:548-562, 1956. 12. Feindel, W.; Penfield, W., and Jasper, H.: Localization of Epileptic Discharges in Temporal Lobe Automatism , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 77:14-17, 1952. 13. Feindel, W., and Penfield, W.: Localization of Discharge in Temporal Lobe Automatism , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 72:605-630, 1954. 14. Fox, C. A.: Amygdalo-Thalamic Connections in Macaca Mulatta , Anat. Rec. 103:537-538, 1949. 15. Gastaut, H.; Naquet, R.; Vigouroux, R.; Roger, A., and Badier, M.: Étude électrographique chez l'homme et chez l'animal des décharges épileptiques dites "psychomotrices," Rev. neurol. 88: 310-354, 1953. 16. Gerebtzoff, M. A.: Contribution à la physiologie du corps strié , Arch. internat. Physiol. 51: 333-352, 1941. 17. Glees, P.: The Anatomical Basis of Corticostriate Connexions , J. Anat. 78:47-51, 1944. 18. Gloor, P.: Electrophysiological Studies on the Connections of the Amygdaloid Nucleus in the Cat: I. Neuronal Organization of the Amygdaloid Projection System , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 7:223-242, 1955. 19. Gloor, P.: The Pattern of Conduction of Amygdaloid Seizure Discharge, an Experimental Study in the Cat , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 77:247-258, 1957. 20. Hayashi, T.: A Physiological Study of Epileptic Seizures Following Cortical Stimulation in Animals and Its Application to Human Clinics , Japan. J. Physiol. 3:46-64, 1952. 21. Hering, H. E.: Über Grosshirnrindenreizung nach Durchschneidung der Pyramiden oder anderer Theile des centralen Nervensystems mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rindenepilepsie , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 12:831-833, 1899. 22. Hirasawa, K., and Kariya, K.: Über die corticalen extrapyramidalen Fasern aus dem motorischen Rindenfeld beim Affen , Folia anat. japon. 14:603-620, 1936. 23. Hirasawa, K., and Kato, K.: Fasern, insbesondere die extrapyramidalen aus den Areae 8 u. 9 der Grosshirnrinde beim Affen , Folia anat. japon. 13:189-217, 1935. 24. Hunt, J. R.: On the Occurrence of Static Seizures in Epilepsy , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 56: 351-356, 1922. 25. Janz, D., and Matthes, A.: Die propulsivpetit mal-Epilepsie , Basel, S. Karger, 1955. 26. Jasper, H. H., and Droogleever-Fortuyn, J.: Experimental Studies on the Functional Anatomy of Petit Mal Epilepsy , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. Proc. (1946) 26:272-298, 1947. 27. Johnston, J. B.: Further Contribution to the Study of the Evolution of the Forebrain , J. Comp. Neurol. 35:337-481, 1923. 28. Klingler, J.: Makroskopische Darstellung des Faserverlaufes im Rhinencephalon, Verhandlungen der freien Vereinigung der Anatomen an schweizerischen Hochschulen , 14th Meeting, Basel, Oct. 1-3, 1940. 29. Krisch, H.: Richtlinien für eine extrapyramidale lokalisatorische Analyse des epileptischen Anfalls , Monatsschr. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 56:193-213, 1924. 30. Lauer, E. W.: The Nuclear Pattern and Fiber Connections of Certain Basal Telencephalic Centers in the Macaque , J. Comp. Neurol. 82:215-254, 1945. 31. Lederer, M.: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nick-Krämpfe , Jahrb. Kinderh. 113:275-296, 1926. 32. Lennox, W. G.: The Petit Mal Epilepsies , J. A. M. A. 129:1069-1074, 1945. 33. Levin, P. M.: The Efferent Fibers of the Frontal Lobe of the Monkey, Macaca Mulatta , J. Comp. Neurol. 63:369-419, 1936. 34. Ludwig, E., and Klingler, J.: Noyaux et faisceaux du cerveau humain , Nancy (France), George Thomas, 1938, Table VI. 35. Meyers, R.: The Surgical Treatment of "Focal" Epilepsy , Epilepsia 3:9-36, 1954. 36. Morris, A. A.: Temporal Lobectomy with Removal of Uncus, Hippocampus, and Amygdala , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 76:479-496, 1956. 37. Paillas, J.; Vigouroux, R.; Corriol, J., and Bonnal, J.: Intérêt de l'enregistrement électrographique du noyau amygdalien au cours des opérations pour épilepsie temporale , Rev. neurol. 86: 354, 1952. 38. Papez, J. W.: Summary of Fiber Connections of the Basal Ganglia, with Each Other and with Other Portions of Brain, in Diseases of the Basal Ganglia , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1940) 21:21-68, 1942. 39. Penfield, W., and Jasper, H.: Epilepsy and Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain , Boston, Little, Brown & Company, 1954. 40. Shimamoto, T., and Verzeano, M.: Relations Between Caudate and Diffusely Projecting Thalamic Nuclei , J. Neurophysiol. 17:278, 288, 1954. 41. Spiegel, E. A., and Falkiewicz, T.: Ausbreitung der Erregung im epileptischen Anfall , Arb. Neurol. Inst. Univ. Vienna 28:67-82, 1926. 42. Spiegel, E. A., and Wycis, H. T.: Interrelationships Between Cortex and Subcortical Structures , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. (Supp. 4) , pp. 192-196, 1954. 43. Spiegel, E. A.; Wycis, H. T.; Baird, H. W., III, and Szekely, E. G.: Functional State of Basal Ganglia in Extrapyramidal and Convulsive Disorders , A. M. A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 75: 167-174, 1956. 44. Spiegel, E. A.; Wycis, H. T., and Reyes, V.: Diencephalic Mechanisms in Petit Mal Epilepsy , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 3:473-475, 1951. 45. Terzuolo, C., and Stoupel, N.: Données nouvelles sur les connexions et la physiologie du noyau caudé , Bruxelles med. 33:411, 1953. 46. Walker, A. E.; Johnson, H. C., and Marshall, C.: Electrocorticography , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 84:583, 1949. 47. Walker, A. E.; Poggio, G. F., and Andy, O. J.: Structural Spread of Cortically-Induced Epileptic Discharges , Neurology 6:616-626, 1956. 48. Wilson, K.: An Experimental Research into the Anatomy and Physiology of the Corpus Striatum , Brain 36:427, 1914. 49. Zellweger, H.: Krämpfe im Kindesalter , Helvet. paediat. acta , (Supp. V) , Vol. 3, Fasc. 5, 1948.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1958

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