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A. L. Lund (1950)
Simultaneous Flourimetric Determinations of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in BloodActa pharmacol. et toxicol, 6
L. Kalinowsky, P. Hoch (1952)
Shock treatments, psychosurgery and other somatic treatments in psychiatry
S. Udenfriend, James Wyngaarden (1956)
Precursors of adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 20 1
U. Euler, I. Orwen (1955)
Preparation of extracts of urine and organs for estimation of free and conjugated noradrenaline and adrenaline.Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 33 118
U. S. von Euler-Chelpin (1956)
Noradremaline
T. L. Sourkes , R. B. Sloane (1957)
Effects of Electroshock on the Metabolism of Catecholamines
H. Weil-Malherbe (1955)
The effect of convulsive therapy on plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline.The Journal of mental science, 101 422
W. Stadie, N. Haugaard, J. Marsh (1951)
Combination of epinephrine and 2,4-dinitrophenol with muscle of the normal rat.The Journal of biological chemistry, 188 1
T. Sourkes, B. Drujan (1957)
A routine procedure for the determination of catecholamines in urine and tissues.Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology, 35 9
B. Hökfelt (1951)
Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Mammalian TissuesActa physiol. scandinav, 25
L. Chapman, S. Garb, N. Tiwari (1957)
Some hypotheses concerning the role of sympathomimetic amines in psychiatric conditions.The American journal of psychiatry, 113 8
T. Sourkes (1956)
Some Current Biochemical Theories of Psychosis *The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1
G. W. Snedecor (1946)
Statistical Methods
E. Gellhorn (1954)
Physiological Foundations of Neurology and PsychiatryMedical Journal of Australia, 2
A. Pekkarinen, H. Hakala, K. Hypponen (1952)
On the effect of electric shock on the adrenals of the rabbit.Acta endocrinologica, 10 2
Abstract A number of theories purport to refer the etiology of psychoses to a disturbance in the metabolism of the sympathetic neurohumors1,2 or to an alteration in the functional activity of the sympathoadrenal system.3,4 Similarly, some of the explanations advanced to clarify the role of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) utilize the same frame of reference.5 Such hypotheses ought to be verifiable directly by the investigation of the metabolism of pyrocatechol amines (catechol amines) in psychiatric patients. The release of pyrocatechol amines at sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings and from the adrenal medulla is well known,6 of course; but very little is understood about this release as it occurs after electrically induced convulsions. The finding by Weil-Malherbe5 of an elevated plasma epinephrine following ECT has provided more direct evidence of sympathetic involvement than had previously been available in man. Pekkarinen et al.7 have reported that administration of electroshock References 1. Sourkes, T. L.: Some Current Biochemical Theories of Psychosis , Canad. Psychiat. A. J . 1:73, 1956. 2. Garb, S.; Tiwari, N. M., and Chapman, L. F.: Some Hypotheses Concerning the Role of Sympathomimetic Amines in Psychiatric Conditions , Am. J. Psychiat . 113:740, 1957. 3. Kalinowsky, L. B., and Hoch, P. H.: Shock Treatments, Psychosurgery and Other Somatic Treatments in Psychiatry , Ed. 2, New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1952. 4. Gellhorn, E.: Physiological Foundations of Neurology and Psychiatry , Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1953. 5. Weil-Malherbe, H.: The Effect of Convulsive Therapy on Plasma Adrenaline and Noradrenaline , J. Ment. Sc . 101:156, 1955. 6. von Euler-Chelpin, U. S.: Noradremaline , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publishers, 1956. 7. Pekkarinen, A.; Hakala, H., and Hyppönen, K.: On the Effects of Electric Shock on the Adrenals of the Rabbit , Acta endocrinol . 10:167, 1952. 8. Sourkes, T. L.; Sloane, R. B., and Drujan, B. D.: Effects of Electroshock on the Metabolism of Catecholamines , paper read at the 40th Annual Meeting of the Chemical Institute of Canada, Vancouver, B. C., Canada, June 1-6, 1957. 9. Sourkes, T. L., and Drujan, B. D.: A Routine Procedure for the Determination of Catecholamines in Urine and Tissues , Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol ., to be published. 10. von Euler, U. S., and Orwen, I.: Preparation of Extracts of Urine and Organs for Estimation of Free and Conjugated Noradrenaline and Adrenaline , Acta physiol. scandinav . ( (Supp. 118) ) 33:1, 1955.Crossref 11. Lund, A. L.: Simultaneous Flourimetric Determinations of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Blood , Acta pharmacol. et toxicol . 6:137, 1950.Crossref 12. Snedecor, G. W.: Statistical Methods , Ed. 4, Ames, Iowa, University of Iowa Press, 1946. 13. Stadie, W. C.; Haugaard, N., and Marsh, J. B.: Combination of Epinephrine and 2,4-Dinitrophenol with Muscle of the Normal Rat , J. Biol. Chem . 188:173, 1951. 14. Hökfelt, B.: Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Mammalian Tissues , Acta physiol. scandinav . ( (Supp. 92) ) 25:1, 1951. 15. Udenfriend, S., and Wyngaarden, J. B.: Precursors of Adrenal Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Vivo , Biochim. et biophys. acta 20:48, 1956.Crossref
A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Aug 1, 1957
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