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EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON EXCRETION OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISEASE

EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON EXCRETION OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISEASE Abstract A CONSIDERABLE body of evidence now exists showing that hematologic and chemical changes indicative of alterations in function of the adrenal cortex occur in patients receiving shock treatment for psychosis.1 Published data on the excretion of 17-ketosteroids are somewhat discordant, in part because of the fragmentary nature of the observations; and therefore it seemed desirable to make a study of the changes which occur over a long period of time during the treatment of patients given psychotherapy, ambulatory insulin therapy or electric shock therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients studied during treatment are described in the accompanying table. Urine was collected for several days before and for varying periods during and after treatment. Other patients were studied during periods of one to three days while not receiving treatment. Urine was collected in each case for a succession of twenty-four hour periods. Collections of urine were discarded when found on References 1. Gross, M.: Insuline et schizophrenie , Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 17:689, 1936. 2. Harris, A.: Cardiazol Treatment of Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 84:735, 1938. 3. Katzenelbogen, S.; Harms, H. E.; Williams, R.; Barkoff, S.; Brody, M. W., and Harpman, M.: The Insulin Treatment in Schizophrenic Patients: Clinical and Biochemical Studies , Am. J. Psychiat. 95:793, 1939. 4. Mikkelsen, W. P., and Hutchens, T. T.: Lymphopenia Following Electrically Induced Convulsions in Male Psychotic Patients , Endocrinology 42:394, 1948.Crossref 5. Altschule, M. D.; Altschule, L. H., and Tillotson, K. J.: Changes in Blood Leukocytes in Man After Electrically Induced Convulsions , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 62:624 ( (Nov.) ) 1949 6. Changes in Urinary Uric Acid-Creatinine Ratio After Electrically Induced Convulsions in Man , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:548, 1949. 7. Parsons, E. H.; Gildea, E. F.; Ronzoni, E., and Hulbert, S. Z.: Comparative Lymphocytic and Biochemical Responses of Patients with Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders to Electroshock, Insulin Shock, and Epinephrine , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:573, 1949. 8. Altschule, M. D.; Parkhurst, B. H., and Tillotson, K. J.: Decreases in Blood Eosinophilic Leukocytes After Electrically Induced Convulsions , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:440, 1949. 9. Altschule, M. D.; Ascoli, I., and Tillotson, K. J.: Extracellular Fluid and Plasma Volumes in Depressed Patients Given Electric Shock Therapy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 62:618 ( (Nov.) ) 1949. 10. Altschule, M. D., and Tillotson, K. J.: Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Diuretic Response to Water in Psychotic Patients , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 61:188 ( (Feb.) ) 1949 11. Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Water Metabolism in Psychotic Patients , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:829, 1949. 12. Altschule, M. D.; Cline, J. E., and Tillotson, K. J.: Fall in Plasma Protein Level Associated with Rapid Gain in Weight During the Course of Electroshock Therapy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 59:476 ( (April) ) 1946. 13. Rees, L.: Physiological Concomitants of Electronarcosis , J. Ment. Sc. 95:162, 1949. 14. Altschule, M. D.; Grunebaum, H., and Promisel, E.: Significance of Changes in Extracellular Fluid Volume During Insulin Therapy for Mental Disease , J. Applied Physiol. 2:477, 1950. 15. Grunebaum, H., and Altschule, M. D.: Sodium Concentration of Thermal Sweat in Treated and Untreated Patients with Mental Disease , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 63:444 ( (March) ) 1950. 16. Hoagland, H.; Callaway, E.; Elmadjian, F., and Pincus, G.: Adrenal Cortical Responsitivity of Psychotic Patients in Relation to Electroshock Treatments , Psychosom. Med. 12:73, 1950. 17. Folin, O.; Peters, J. P., and Van Slyke, D. D.: Quantitative Clinical Chemistry , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1932, vol. 2, p. 602. 18. Callow, N. H.; Callow, R. K., and Emmens, C. W.: Colorimetric Determination of Substances Containing the Grouping -CH2CO- in Urine Extracts as an Indications of Androgen Content , Biochem. J. 32:1312, 1938. 19. Escamilla, R. F.: Diagnostic Significance of Urinary Hormonal Assays: Report of Experience with Measurements of 17-Ketosteroids and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in the Urine , Ann. Int. Med. 30:249, 1949. 20. Hemphill, R. E.; MacLeod, L. D., and Reiss, M.: Changes in the Output of 17-Ketosteroids After Shock Treatment, Pre-Frontal Leukotomy and Other Procedures , J. Ment. Sc. 88:554, 1942. 21. Hemphill, R. E.: The Significance of Atrophy of the Testes in Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 90:696, 1944. 22. Simon, A.; Bowman, K. M., and Halliday, N.: Studies on Electronarcosis Therapy: II. Physiological Effects in Electronarcosis and Electroshock , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 107:358, 1948. 23. Ashby, W. R.: The Effects of Convulsive Therapy on the Excretion of Cortins and Ketosteroids , J. Ment. Sc. 95:275, 1949. 24. Friedlander, J. H.; Perrault, R.; Turner, W. J., and Gottfried, S. P.: Adrenocortical Response to Psysiologic Stress in Schizophrenia , Psychosom. Med. 11:86, 1949. 25. Landau, R. L.; Knowlton, K.; Anderson, D.; Brandt, M. B., and Kenyon, A. T.: The Effect of Starvation on Urinary 17-Ketosteroid Excretion , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 8:133, 1948. 26. Reiss, M.: Unusual Pituitary Activity in a Case of Anorexia Nervosa , J. Ment. Sc. 89:270, 1943. 27. Altschule, M. D.: Physiologic Observations in Mental Disease , Bull. New England M. Center 11:229, 1949. 28. Altschule, Ascoli and Tillotson.1i 29. Altschule, Grunebaum and Promisel.1n 30. Grunebaum and Altschule.1o 31. Grunebaum and Altschule.10 32. Shands, H. C., and Finesinger, J. E.: Lymphocytes in the Psychoneuroses: Preliminary Observations , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:277, 1948. 33. Altschule, M. D., and Tillotson, K. J.: The Use of Testosterone in the Treatment of Depressions , New England J. Med. 239:1036, 1948. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON EXCRETION OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISEASE

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References (36)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1950 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6886
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1950.02310280028003
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract A CONSIDERABLE body of evidence now exists showing that hematologic and chemical changes indicative of alterations in function of the adrenal cortex occur in patients receiving shock treatment for psychosis.1 Published data on the excretion of 17-ketosteroids are somewhat discordant, in part because of the fragmentary nature of the observations; and therefore it seemed desirable to make a study of the changes which occur over a long period of time during the treatment of patients given psychotherapy, ambulatory insulin therapy or electric shock therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients studied during treatment are described in the accompanying table. Urine was collected for several days before and for varying periods during and after treatment. Other patients were studied during periods of one to three days while not receiving treatment. Urine was collected in each case for a succession of twenty-four hour periods. Collections of urine were discarded when found on References 1. Gross, M.: Insuline et schizophrenie , Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 17:689, 1936. 2. Harris, A.: Cardiazol Treatment of Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 84:735, 1938. 3. Katzenelbogen, S.; Harms, H. E.; Williams, R.; Barkoff, S.; Brody, M. W., and Harpman, M.: The Insulin Treatment in Schizophrenic Patients: Clinical and Biochemical Studies , Am. J. Psychiat. 95:793, 1939. 4. Mikkelsen, W. P., and Hutchens, T. T.: Lymphopenia Following Electrically Induced Convulsions in Male Psychotic Patients , Endocrinology 42:394, 1948.Crossref 5. Altschule, M. D.; Altschule, L. H., and Tillotson, K. J.: Changes in Blood Leukocytes in Man After Electrically Induced Convulsions , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 62:624 ( (Nov.) ) 1949 6. Changes in Urinary Uric Acid-Creatinine Ratio After Electrically Induced Convulsions in Man , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:548, 1949. 7. Parsons, E. H.; Gildea, E. F.; Ronzoni, E., and Hulbert, S. Z.: Comparative Lymphocytic and Biochemical Responses of Patients with Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders to Electroshock, Insulin Shock, and Epinephrine , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:573, 1949. 8. Altschule, M. D.; Parkhurst, B. H., and Tillotson, K. J.: Decreases in Blood Eosinophilic Leukocytes After Electrically Induced Convulsions , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:440, 1949. 9. Altschule, M. D.; Ascoli, I., and Tillotson, K. J.: Extracellular Fluid and Plasma Volumes in Depressed Patients Given Electric Shock Therapy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 62:618 ( (Nov.) ) 1949. 10. Altschule, M. D., and Tillotson, K. J.: Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Diuretic Response to Water in Psychotic Patients , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 61:188 ( (Feb.) ) 1949 11. Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Water Metabolism in Psychotic Patients , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:829, 1949. 12. Altschule, M. D.; Cline, J. E., and Tillotson, K. J.: Fall in Plasma Protein Level Associated with Rapid Gain in Weight During the Course of Electroshock Therapy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 59:476 ( (April) ) 1946. 13. Rees, L.: Physiological Concomitants of Electronarcosis , J. Ment. Sc. 95:162, 1949. 14. Altschule, M. D.; Grunebaum, H., and Promisel, E.: Significance of Changes in Extracellular Fluid Volume During Insulin Therapy for Mental Disease , J. Applied Physiol. 2:477, 1950. 15. Grunebaum, H., and Altschule, M. D.: Sodium Concentration of Thermal Sweat in Treated and Untreated Patients with Mental Disease , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 63:444 ( (March) ) 1950. 16. Hoagland, H.; Callaway, E.; Elmadjian, F., and Pincus, G.: Adrenal Cortical Responsitivity of Psychotic Patients in Relation to Electroshock Treatments , Psychosom. Med. 12:73, 1950. 17. Folin, O.; Peters, J. P., and Van Slyke, D. D.: Quantitative Clinical Chemistry , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1932, vol. 2, p. 602. 18. Callow, N. H.; Callow, R. K., and Emmens, C. W.: Colorimetric Determination of Substances Containing the Grouping -CH2CO- in Urine Extracts as an Indications of Androgen Content , Biochem. J. 32:1312, 1938. 19. Escamilla, R. F.: Diagnostic Significance of Urinary Hormonal Assays: Report of Experience with Measurements of 17-Ketosteroids and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in the Urine , Ann. Int. Med. 30:249, 1949. 20. Hemphill, R. E.; MacLeod, L. D., and Reiss, M.: Changes in the Output of 17-Ketosteroids After Shock Treatment, Pre-Frontal Leukotomy and Other Procedures , J. Ment. Sc. 88:554, 1942. 21. Hemphill, R. E.: The Significance of Atrophy of the Testes in Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 90:696, 1944. 22. Simon, A.; Bowman, K. M., and Halliday, N.: Studies on Electronarcosis Therapy: II. Physiological Effects in Electronarcosis and Electroshock , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 107:358, 1948. 23. Ashby, W. R.: The Effects of Convulsive Therapy on the Excretion of Cortins and Ketosteroids , J. Ment. Sc. 95:275, 1949. 24. Friedlander, J. H.; Perrault, R.; Turner, W. J., and Gottfried, S. P.: Adrenocortical Response to Psysiologic Stress in Schizophrenia , Psychosom. Med. 11:86, 1949. 25. Landau, R. L.; Knowlton, K.; Anderson, D.; Brandt, M. B., and Kenyon, A. T.: The Effect of Starvation on Urinary 17-Ketosteroid Excretion , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 8:133, 1948. 26. Reiss, M.: Unusual Pituitary Activity in a Case of Anorexia Nervosa , J. Ment. Sc. 89:270, 1943. 27. Altschule, M. D.: Physiologic Observations in Mental Disease , Bull. New England M. Center 11:229, 1949. 28. Altschule, Ascoli and Tillotson.1i 29. Altschule, Grunebaum and Promisel.1n 30. Grunebaum and Altschule.1o 31. Grunebaum and Altschule.10 32. Shands, H. C., and Finesinger, J. E.: Lymphocytes in the Psychoneuroses: Preliminary Observations , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:277, 1948. 33. Altschule, M. D., and Tillotson, K. J.: The Use of Testosterone in the Treatment of Depressions , New England J. Med. 239:1036, 1948.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & PsychiatryAmerican Medical Association

Published: Oct 1, 1950

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