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M. Altschule, L. Altschule, K. Tillotson (1949)
Changes in leukocytes of the blood in man after electrically induced convulsions.Archives of neurology and psychiatry, 62 5
R. E. Hemphill , L. D. MacLeod (1942)
Changes in the Output of 17-Ketosteroids After Shock Treatment, Pre-Frontal Leukotomy and Other ProceduresJ. Ment. Sc., 88
H. C. Shands (1948)
Lymphocytes in the Psychoneuroses: Preliminary ObservationsAm. J. Psychiat., 105
M. Altschule, J. Cline, K. Tillotson (1948)
Fall in plasma protein level associated with rapid gain in weight during course of electroshock therapy.Archives of neurology and psychiatry, 59 4
A. Harris (1938)
Cardiazol Treatment of SchizophreniaJ. Ment. Sc., 84
M. Reiss (1943)
Unusual Pituitary Activity in a Case of Anorexia NervosaBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 89
M. Altschule (1949)
Physiologic observations in mental disease.Bulletin. New England Medical Center, 11 6
J. Peters, D. Slyke (1931)
Quantitative clinical chemistry
H. Shands, J. Finesinger (1948)
Lymphocytes in the psychoneuroses.The American journal of psychiatry, 105 4
R. Escamilla (1949)
Diagnostic significance of urinary hormonal assays; report of experience with measurements of 17-ketosteroids and follicle stimulating hormone in the urine.Annals of internal medicine, 30 2
L. Rees (1949)
Physiological concomitants of electronarcosis.The Journal of mental science, 95 398
H. Grunebaum, M. Altschule (1950)
SODIUM CONCENTRATION OF THERMAL SWEAT IN TREATED AND UNTREATED PATIENTS WITH MENTAL DISEASEJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 63
A. Simon, K. Bowman, N. Halliday (1948)
Studies in electronarcosis therapy; physiological effects in electronarcosis and electro shock.The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 107 4
M. Altschule, K. Tillotson (1948)
The use of testosterone in the treatment of depressions.The New England journal of medicine, 239 27
R. Landau, K. Knowlton (1948)
The effect of starvation on urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 8 2
S. Katzenelbogen , H. E. Harms, R. Williams, S. Barkoff, M. W. Brody (1939)
The Insulin Treatment in Schizophrenic Patients: Clinical and Biochemical StudiesAm. J. Psychiat., 95
H. Hoagland, E. Callaway, F. Elmadjian, G. Pincus (1950)
Adrenal Cortical Responsivity of Psychotic Patients in Relation to Electroshock TreatmentsPsychosomatic Medicine, 12
E. Parsons, E. Gildea (1949)
Comparative lymphocytic and biochemical responses of patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders to electroshock, insulin shock, and epinephrine.The American journal of psychiatry, 105 8
M. D. Altschule , L. H. Altschule (1949)
Changes in Blood Leukocytes in Man After Electrically Induced ConvulsionsArch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 62
M. Altschule, K. Tillotson (1949)
Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on diuretic response to water in psychotic patients.Archives of neurology and psychiatry, 61 2
R. E. Hemphill (1944)
The Significance of Atrophy of the Testes in SchizophreniaJ. Ment. Sc., 90
M. Altschule, B. Parkhurst, K. Tillotson (1949)
Decreases in blood eosinophilic leukocytes after electrically induced convulsions in man.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 9 5
R. Hemphill (1944)
The Significance of Atrophy of the Testis in SchizophreniaBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 90
A. Harris (1938)
Cardiazol Treatment of SchizophreniaBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 84
J. H. Friedlander , R. Perrault, W. J. Turner (1949)
Adrenocortical Response to Psysiologic Stress in SchizophreniaPsychosom. Med., 11
M. Reiss (1943)
Unusual Pituitary Activity in a Case of Anorexia NervosaJ. Ment. Sc., 89
M. Altschule, H. Grunebaum, E. Promisel (1950)
Significance of Changes in Extracellular Fluid Volume During Insulin Therapy for Mental DiseaseJournal of Applied Physiology, 2
H. Grunebaum (1950)
Sodium Concentration of Thermal Sweat in Treated and Untreated Patients with Mental DiseaseArch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 63
N. Callow, R. Callow, C. Emmens (1938)
Colorimetric determination of substances containing the grouping -CH(2).CO- in urine extracts as an indication of androgen content.The Biochemical journal, 32 8
M. Altschule, K. Tillotson (1949)
Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on water metabolism in psychotic patients.The American journal of psychiatry, 105 11
M. Gross (1936)
Insuline et schizophrenieSchweiz. med. Wchnschr., 17
M. Altschule, L. Altschule, K. Tillotson (1949)
Changes in urinary uric acid-creatinine ratio after electrically induced convulsions in man.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 9 6
S. Katzenelbogen, H. Harms, Ruth Willmans, S. Barkoff, M. Brody, M. Hayman (1939)
THE INSULIN TREATMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTSAmerican Journal of Psychiatry, 95
M. Altschule, I. Ascoli, K. Tillotson (1949)
Extracellular fluid and plasma volumes in depressed patients given electric shock therapy.Archives of neurology and psychiatry, 62 5
W. Mikkelsen, T. Hutchens (1948)
Lymphopenia following electrically induced convulsions in male psychotic patients.Endocrinology, 42 5
W. Ashby (1949)
The effects of convulsive therapy on the excretion of cortins and ketosteroids.The Journal of mental science, 95 399
Abstract A CONSIDERABLE body of evidence now exists showing that hematologic and chemical changes indicative of alterations in function of the adrenal cortex occur in patients receiving shock treatment for psychosis.1 Published data on the excretion of 17-ketosteroids are somewhat discordant, in part because of the fragmentary nature of the observations; and therefore it seemed desirable to make a study of the changes which occur over a long period of time during the treatment of patients given psychotherapy, ambulatory insulin therapy or electric shock therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients studied during treatment are described in the accompanying table. Urine was collected for several days before and for varying periods during and after treatment. Other patients were studied during periods of one to three days while not receiving treatment. Urine was collected in each case for a succession of twenty-four hour periods. Collections of urine were discarded when found on References 1. Gross, M.: Insuline et schizophrenie , Schweiz. med. Wchnschr. 17:689, 1936. 2. Harris, A.: Cardiazol Treatment of Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 84:735, 1938. 3. Katzenelbogen, S.; Harms, H. E.; Williams, R.; Barkoff, S.; Brody, M. W., and Harpman, M.: The Insulin Treatment in Schizophrenic Patients: Clinical and Biochemical Studies , Am. J. Psychiat. 95:793, 1939. 4. Mikkelsen, W. P., and Hutchens, T. T.: Lymphopenia Following Electrically Induced Convulsions in Male Psychotic Patients , Endocrinology 42:394, 1948.Crossref 5. Altschule, M. D.; Altschule, L. H., and Tillotson, K. J.: Changes in Blood Leukocytes in Man After Electrically Induced Convulsions , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 62:624 ( (Nov.) ) 1949 6. Changes in Urinary Uric Acid-Creatinine Ratio After Electrically Induced Convulsions in Man , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:548, 1949. 7. Parsons, E. H.; Gildea, E. F.; Ronzoni, E., and Hulbert, S. Z.: Comparative Lymphocytic and Biochemical Responses of Patients with Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders to Electroshock, Insulin Shock, and Epinephrine , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:573, 1949. 8. Altschule, M. D.; Parkhurst, B. H., and Tillotson, K. J.: Decreases in Blood Eosinophilic Leukocytes After Electrically Induced Convulsions , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:440, 1949. 9. Altschule, M. D.; Ascoli, I., and Tillotson, K. J.: Extracellular Fluid and Plasma Volumes in Depressed Patients Given Electric Shock Therapy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 62:618 ( (Nov.) ) 1949. 10. Altschule, M. D., and Tillotson, K. J.: Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Diuretic Response to Water in Psychotic Patients , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 61:188 ( (Feb.) ) 1949 11. Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Water Metabolism in Psychotic Patients , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:829, 1949. 12. Altschule, M. D.; Cline, J. E., and Tillotson, K. J.: Fall in Plasma Protein Level Associated with Rapid Gain in Weight During the Course of Electroshock Therapy , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 59:476 ( (April) ) 1946. 13. Rees, L.: Physiological Concomitants of Electronarcosis , J. Ment. Sc. 95:162, 1949. 14. Altschule, M. D.; Grunebaum, H., and Promisel, E.: Significance of Changes in Extracellular Fluid Volume During Insulin Therapy for Mental Disease , J. Applied Physiol. 2:477, 1950. 15. Grunebaum, H., and Altschule, M. D.: Sodium Concentration of Thermal Sweat in Treated and Untreated Patients with Mental Disease , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 63:444 ( (March) ) 1950. 16. Hoagland, H.; Callaway, E.; Elmadjian, F., and Pincus, G.: Adrenal Cortical Responsitivity of Psychotic Patients in Relation to Electroshock Treatments , Psychosom. Med. 12:73, 1950. 17. Folin, O.; Peters, J. P., and Van Slyke, D. D.: Quantitative Clinical Chemistry , Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1932, vol. 2, p. 602. 18. Callow, N. H.; Callow, R. K., and Emmens, C. W.: Colorimetric Determination of Substances Containing the Grouping -CH2CO- in Urine Extracts as an Indications of Androgen Content , Biochem. J. 32:1312, 1938. 19. Escamilla, R. F.: Diagnostic Significance of Urinary Hormonal Assays: Report of Experience with Measurements of 17-Ketosteroids and Follicle Stimulating Hormone in the Urine , Ann. Int. Med. 30:249, 1949. 20. Hemphill, R. E.; MacLeod, L. D., and Reiss, M.: Changes in the Output of 17-Ketosteroids After Shock Treatment, Pre-Frontal Leukotomy and Other Procedures , J. Ment. Sc. 88:554, 1942. 21. Hemphill, R. E.: The Significance of Atrophy of the Testes in Schizophrenia , J. Ment. Sc. 90:696, 1944. 22. Simon, A.; Bowman, K. M., and Halliday, N.: Studies on Electronarcosis Therapy: II. Physiological Effects in Electronarcosis and Electroshock , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 107:358, 1948. 23. Ashby, W. R.: The Effects of Convulsive Therapy on the Excretion of Cortins and Ketosteroids , J. Ment. Sc. 95:275, 1949. 24. Friedlander, J. H.; Perrault, R.; Turner, W. J., and Gottfried, S. P.: Adrenocortical Response to Psysiologic Stress in Schizophrenia , Psychosom. Med. 11:86, 1949. 25. Landau, R. L.; Knowlton, K.; Anderson, D.; Brandt, M. B., and Kenyon, A. T.: The Effect of Starvation on Urinary 17-Ketosteroid Excretion , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 8:133, 1948. 26. Reiss, M.: Unusual Pituitary Activity in a Case of Anorexia Nervosa , J. Ment. Sc. 89:270, 1943. 27. Altschule, M. D.: Physiologic Observations in Mental Disease , Bull. New England M. Center 11:229, 1949. 28. Altschule, Ascoli and Tillotson.1i 29. Altschule, Grunebaum and Promisel.1n 30. Grunebaum and Altschule.1o 31. Grunebaum and Altschule.10 32. Shands, H. C., and Finesinger, J. E.: Lymphocytes in the Psychoneuroses: Preliminary Observations , Am. J. Psychiat. 105:277, 1948. 33. Altschule, M. D., and Tillotson, K. J.: The Use of Testosterone in the Treatment of Depressions , New England J. Med. 239:1036, 1948.
A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Oct 1, 1950
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