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J. W. Papez (1937)
A Proposed Mechanism of EmotionArch. Neurol. & Psychiat., 38
H. Klüver, P. Bucy (1937)
"Psychic blindness" and other symptoms following bilateral temporal lobectomy in Rhesus monkeys.American Journal of Physiology
A Pick (1931)
Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie, 15
H. Lissauer (1890)
Ein Fall von Seelenblindheit nebst einem Beitrage zur Theorie derselbenArch. f. Psychiat., 21
C. von Monakow (1914)
Die Lokalisation im Grosshirn und der Abbau der Funktionen durch kortikale Herde
E Leyser (1925)
Untersuchungen �ber die Charakterver�nderungen nach Encephalitis epidemicaArch. f. Psychiat., 72
N. Mayendorf (1937)
Beiträge zur Lehre von der SeelenblindheitZeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 159
F. Mettler (1935)
Corticifugal fiber connections of the cortex of Macaca Mullatta. The frontal regionJournal of Comparative Neurology, 61
O. Langworthy (1931)
Central Nervous System of the Porpoise Tursiops TruncatusJournal of Mammalogy, 12
F. Lotmar
Die Stammganglien und die Extrapyramidal-Motorischen Syndrome
E. Niessl von Mayendorf (1937)
Beitr�ge zur Lehre von der Seelenblindheit: VIIIZtschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat., 159
Sleiner (1922)
Encephalitische und katatonische motilitatsstorungenZeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 78
A. Walker (1940)
The primate thalamusJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 91
H. Spatz (1937)
Ueber die Bedeutung der basalen RindeZtschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat., 158
W. Addison (1915)
On the rhinencephalon of Delphinus delphis, L.Journal of Comparative Neurology, 25
L. Benedek, T. Lehoczky (1939)
THE CLINICAL RECOGNITION OF PICK'S DISEASE: REPORT OF THREE CASESBrain, 62
(1937)
Certain Effects of Lesions of the Occipital Lobes in MonkeysJ. Psychol., 4
J. Papez (1937)
A PROPOSED MECHANISM OF EMOTIONJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 38
H. Spatz (1937)
Über die Bedeutung der basalen RindeZeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 158
J. Jackson, P. Stewart
EPILEPTIC ATTACKS WITH A WARNING OF A CRUDE SENSATION OF SMELL AND WITH THE INTELLECTUAL AURA (DREAMY STATE) IN A PATIENT WHO HAD SYMPTOMS POINTING TO GROSS ORGANIC DISEASE OF THE RIGHT TEMPORO-SPHENOIDAL LOBEBrain, 22
A. von Braunmühl (1934)
Ueber ein Schwesternpaar mit Pickscher KrankheitZtschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat., 150
A. Braunmühl, K. Leonhard (1934)
Über ein Schwesternpaar mit Pickscher KrankheitZeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 150
C. Economo, G. Koskinas
Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen
H. Klüver (1936)
Behavior Mechanisms in Monkeys
H. Klüver (1935)
An Auto-Multi-Stimulation Reaction Board for Use with Sub-Human PrimatesThe Journal of Psychology, 1
K. Kleist (1937)
Bericht �ber die Gehirnpathologie in ihrer Bedeutung f�r Neurologie und PsychiatrieZtschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat., 158
G. Steiner (1922)
Encephalitische und katatonische Motilit�tsst�rungenZtschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat., 138
K. Kleist (1937)
Bericht über die Gehirnpathologie in ihrer Bedeutung für Neurologie und PsychiatrieZeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 158
C. Herrick (1933)
The Functions of the Olfactory Parts of the Cerebral Cortex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 19 1
R. Mourgue, H. Bergson (1932)
Neurobiologie de l'hallucination : essai sur une variété particulière de désintégration de la fonction
O. R. Langworthy (1932)
A Description of the Central Nervous System of the Porpoise (Tursiops Truncatus)J. Comp. Neurol., 54
H. Klüver, P. Bucy (1938)
An analysis of certain effects of bilateral temporal lobectomy in the rhesus monkey, with special reference to "psychic blindness."The Journal of Psychology, 5
H. Gruhle (1937)
Grundriss der Psychiatrie
F. Lotmar (1926)
Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie
H. Klüver (1937)
Re-examination of implement-using behavior in a cebus monkey after an interval of three yearsActa Psychologica, 2
Abstract In previous communications1 we pointed out that the chief symptoms following bilateral temporal lobectomy in the rhesus monkey consist in "psychic blindness" (Seelenblindheit) or visual agnosia, strong "oral" tendencies and profound emotional changes. Our results were primarily based on an analysis of the behavioral symptoms of a female rhesus monkey which had been studied for a period of four months following the operations. The type of disturbance analyzed in that case seemed to be similar to the "associative mind blindness" of Lissauer.2 It is true that the diagnosis "agnosia" can be only of practical importance and merely serves to raise a number of questions. A review of the clinical literature indicates that the more carefully a case is studied the more difficult it may be to decide whether there is really an "agnostic" or merely a "visual" defect, that is, whether the variety of "agnostic" symptoms can be References 1. Klüver, H., and Bucy, P. C.: (a) "Psychic Blindness" and Other Symptoms Following Bilateral Temporal Lobectomy in Rhesus Monkeys , Am. J. Physiol. 119:352-353, 1937 2. An Analysis of Certain Effects of Bilateral Temporal Lobectomy in the Rhesus Monkey, with Special Reference to "Psychic Blindness," J. Psychol. 5:33-54, 1938.Crossref 3. Lissauer, H.: Ein Fall von Seelenblindheit nebst einem Beitrage zur Theorie derselben , Arch. f. Psychiat. 21:222-270, 1890.Crossref 4. von Monakow, C.: Die Lokalisation im Grosshirn und der Abbau der Funktionen durch kortikale Herde , Wiesbaden, J. F. Bergmann, 1914. 5. Mourgue, R.: Neurobiologie de l'hallucination: Essai sur une variété particulière de désintégration de la fonction , Bruxelles, Maurice Lamertin, 1932. 6. Klüver, H.: (a) Behavior Mechanisms in Monkeys , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1933 7. An Auto-Multi-Stimulation Reaction Board for Use with Sub-Human Primates , J. Psychol. 1:123-127, 1935Crossref 8. Certain Effects of Lesions of the Occipital Lobes in Monkeys , J. Psychol. 4:383-401, 1937.Crossref 9. Klüver,5c pp. 386 and 387. 10. Klüver and Bucy.1b 11. Klüver.5a 12. Klüver.5c 13. Klüver and Bucy.1b 14. Klüver, H.: Re-Examination of Implement-Using Behavior in a Cebus Monkey After an Interval of Three Years , Acta psychol. 2:347-397, 1937Crossref 15. footnote 5a. 16. Wernicke, C.: Grundriss der Psychiatrie , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1906. 17. Walker, A. E.: The Primate Thalamus , Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1938. 18. Jackson, J. H., and Stewart, P.: Epileptic Attacks with a Warning of a Crude Sensation of Smell and with the Intellectual Aura (Dreamy State) in a Patient Who Had Symptoms Pointing to Gross Organic Disease of the Right Temporo-Sphenoidal Lobe , Brain 22:534-549, 1899.Crossref 19. It is perhaps significant that in case 1 typical "presenting reactions" were frequently observed after a period of one and a half years in spite of the fact that the uterus and both ovaries had been previously removed. This animal, as well as 3 other monkeys that had had similar operations, were supplied to us by Dr. G. W. Bartelmez. Two of these animals were even "wilder" and more "vicious" than the average untamed rhesus monkey. Only 1 of these 4 animals was used in the present study (case 1). 20. In checking on possible changes in dietary habits, we recently found that the rhesus monkeys with bilateral temporal lobectomy which are still living (monkeys 6, 7 and 8) eat animal foods, such as bacon, liver sausage, boiled ham, boiled tongue, smoked whitefish, ground beef and broiled lamb chops. We have never seen normal rhesus monkeys accept such articles of diet. 21. Spontaneous activity was registered by utilizing vacuum tube amplification. The floor of the cage was covered with pieces of galvanized iron separated by gaps of about 15 cm. A minute current passing through the body of the animal operated a relay control whenever the animal walked or ran across these gaps. In such a way the number of circling movements or other movements from one part of the cage to the other could be automatically recorded by an electric counter. 22. von Economo, C., and Koskinas, G. N.: Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 23. Herrick, C. J.: The Functions of the Olfactory Parts of the Cerebral Cortex , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc. 19:7-14, 1933.Crossref 24. Addison, W. H. F.: On the Rhinencephalon of Delphinus Delphis, L. , J. Comp. Neurol. 25:497-522, 1915.Crossref 25. Langworthy, O. R.: A Description of the Central Nervous System of the Porpoise (Tursiops Truncatus) , J. Comp. Neurol. 54:437-499, 1932.Crossref 26. Papez, J. W.: A Proposed Mechanism of Emotion , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 38:725-743 ( (Oct.) ) 1937. 27. Kleist, K.: Bericht über die Gehirnpathologie in ihrer Bedeutung für Neurologie und Psychiatrie , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 158:159-193, 1937. 28. Spatz, H.: Ueber die Bedeutung der basalen Rinde , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 158:208-232, 1937. 29. Benedek, L., and Lehoczky, T.: The Clinical Recognition of Pick's Disease: Report of Three Cases , Brain 62:104-122, 1939. 30. von Braunmühl, A., and Leonhard, K.: Ueber ein Schwesternpaar mit Pickscher Krankheit , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 150:209-241, 1934. 31. Pick, A. Aphasie , in Bethe, A.; von Bergmann, G.; Embden, G., and Ellinger, A.: Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1931, vol. 15, pt. 2, pp. 1416-1524. 32. Steiner, G.: Encephalitische und katatonische Motilitätsstörungen , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 138:553-561, 1922. 33. Leyser, E. Untersuchungen über die Charakterveränderungen nach Encephalitis epidemica , Arch. f. Psychiat. 72:552-609, 1925. 34. Lotmar, F.: Die Stammganglien und die extrapyramidal-motorischen Syndrome , in Foerster, O., and Wilmanns, K.: Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926, no. 48, pp. 1-169. 35. Mettler, F. A.: Corticifugal Fiber Connections of the Cortex of Macaca Mulatta: The Temporal Region , J. Comp. Neurol. 63:25-47, 1935. 36. Niessl von Mayendorf, E.: Beiträge zur Lehre von der Seelenblindheit: VIII , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 159:326-344, 1937.
Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Dec 1, 1939
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