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PSYCHOSES ASSOCIATED WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

PSYCHOSES ASSOCIATED WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA Abstract The occurrence of mental changes in patients having pernicious anemia was noted by Addison1 in his classic description of the disease in 1855. Psychiatric studies of patients with this disease have since appeared only at infrequent intervals, though there are many contributions from an etiologic, neurologic and hematologic standpoint.2 This poverty of psychiatric reports exists in spite of the high incidence of mental changes in this disease, as evidenced by the recent work of Goldhamer and his associates,3 who reported that 64 per cent of their patients showed cerebral symptoms. Other observers, however, reported the incidence of mental changes to be from 25 to 40 per cent; for instance, Ahrens4 reported 25 per cent, Woltman5 39 per cent, Hulett6 35 per cent and Weisenburg7 40 per cent. Mental symptoms in patients with pernicious anemia that are sufficiently severe to be classified as a References 1. Addison, T.: Anemia: Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules , London M. Gaz. 43:517, 1855. 2. Sturgis, C. C.; Isaacs, R.; Goldhamer, S. M.; Bethell, F., and Farrar, G. E.: Blood: A Review of the Recent Literature , Arch. Int. Med. 55:1001 ( (June) ) 1935.Crossref 3. Goldhamer, S. M.; Bethell, F. H.; Isaacs, Raphael, and Sturgis, Cyrus C.: The Occurrence and Treatment of Neurologic Changes in Pernicious Anemia , J. A. M. A. 103:1663 ( (Dec. 1) ) 1934.Crossref 4. Ahrens, R. S.: Neurologic Aspects of Primary Anemia , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 28:92 ( (July) ) 1932. 5. Woltman, H. W.: Mental Changes Associated with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. Psychiat. 3:435 ( (Jan.) ) 1934. 6. Hulett, A. G.: The Psychological and Medicolegal Aspects of Pernicious Anemia , M. J. & Rec. 127:1 ( (Jan. 4) ) 1928. 7. Weisenburg, T. H.: Neurological Symptoms Occurring in Pernicious Anemia, Especially Antedating the Appearance of the Blood Picture , M. Rec. 99:942 ( (May 28) ) 1921. 8. Cabot, quoted by Rogers, A. W.: Disturbances of the Central Nervous System Accompanying Pernicious Anemia: Report of Two Cases , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 43:693, 1915. 9. Smithburn, R. C., and Zerfas, L. G.: The Neural Symptoms and Signs in Pernicious Anemia: Effects of Liver Extract , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 25: 1100 ( (May) ) 1931. 10. Bowman, K. M.: Psychoses with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. Psychiat. 92:371 ( (Sept.) ) 1935. 11. Barrett, A. M.: Mental Disorders and Cerebral Lesions Associated with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. Insanity 69:1063, 1913. 12. Camp, C. C.: Pernicious Anemia Causing Spinal Cord Changes and a Mental State Resembling Paresis , M. Rec. 81:156 ( (Jan. 27) ) 1912. 13. Williams, G. H.: The Psychosis Occurring During the Course of Pernicious Anemia , J. A. M. A. 63:936 ( (Sept. 12) ) 1914. 14. Bonhoffer, K.: Ueber psychische Störungen bei anämischen Prozessen , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 48:2357, 1911. 15. Parfitt, D. N.: Psychoses Associated with Pernicious Anemia , J. Neurol. & Psychopath. 15:12 ( (July) ) 1934. 16. Pickett, W. R.: Mental Symptoms Associated with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. M. Sc. 127:1032 ( (June) ) 1904. 17. Hunt, E. L.: Neurological and Mental Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia , New York State J. Med. 34:99 ( (Feb. 1) ) 1934. 18. Atkin, I.: A Case of Pernicious Anemia Associated with Mental Disease , Lancet 2:569, 1932. 19. Langdon, F. W.: Nervous and Mental Manifestations of Prepernicious Anemia , J. A. M. A. 45:1635 ( (Nov. 25) ) 1905. 20. Weisenburg.7 21. Richardson, W.: Pernicious Anemia: The Results of Treatment with Liver or Its Derivatives in Sixty-Seven Cases , New England J. Med. 200:540 ( (March 14) ) 1929. 22. Grinker, R. R., and Kandel, E.: Pernicious Anemia: Results of Treatment of the Neurologic Complications , Arch. Int. Med. 54:851 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref 23. Wertham, Frederick, and Wertham, Florence: The Brain as an Organ , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1934. 24. Gildea, E. F.; Kattwinkel, E. E., and Castle, W. B.: Experimental Combined System Disease , New England J. Med. 202:523 ( (March 13) ) 1930.Crossref 25. Bender, L.: Psychoses Associated with Somatic Disease That Distort the Body Structure , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 32:1100 ( (Nov.) ) 1934. 26. Schilder, P.: Das Körperschema , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932. 27. Jolliffe, N.; Brandaleone, H., and Most, H.: The Effect of Protein on the Carbohydrate Tolerance of Two Cases Having Combined Diabetes Mellitus and Pernicious Anemia , J. Clin. Investigation 14:357 ( (May) ) 1935. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

PSYCHOSES ASSOCIATED WITH PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

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References (31)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1937 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1937.02260200120010
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract The occurrence of mental changes in patients having pernicious anemia was noted by Addison1 in his classic description of the disease in 1855. Psychiatric studies of patients with this disease have since appeared only at infrequent intervals, though there are many contributions from an etiologic, neurologic and hematologic standpoint.2 This poverty of psychiatric reports exists in spite of the high incidence of mental changes in this disease, as evidenced by the recent work of Goldhamer and his associates,3 who reported that 64 per cent of their patients showed cerebral symptoms. Other observers, however, reported the incidence of mental changes to be from 25 to 40 per cent; for instance, Ahrens4 reported 25 per cent, Woltman5 39 per cent, Hulett6 35 per cent and Weisenburg7 40 per cent. Mental symptoms in patients with pernicious anemia that are sufficiently severe to be classified as a References 1. Addison, T.: Anemia: Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules , London M. Gaz. 43:517, 1855. 2. Sturgis, C. C.; Isaacs, R.; Goldhamer, S. M.; Bethell, F., and Farrar, G. E.: Blood: A Review of the Recent Literature , Arch. Int. Med. 55:1001 ( (June) ) 1935.Crossref 3. Goldhamer, S. M.; Bethell, F. H.; Isaacs, Raphael, and Sturgis, Cyrus C.: The Occurrence and Treatment of Neurologic Changes in Pernicious Anemia , J. A. M. A. 103:1663 ( (Dec. 1) ) 1934.Crossref 4. Ahrens, R. S.: Neurologic Aspects of Primary Anemia , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 28:92 ( (July) ) 1932. 5. Woltman, H. W.: Mental Changes Associated with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. Psychiat. 3:435 ( (Jan.) ) 1934. 6. Hulett, A. G.: The Psychological and Medicolegal Aspects of Pernicious Anemia , M. J. & Rec. 127:1 ( (Jan. 4) ) 1928. 7. Weisenburg, T. H.: Neurological Symptoms Occurring in Pernicious Anemia, Especially Antedating the Appearance of the Blood Picture , M. Rec. 99:942 ( (May 28) ) 1921. 8. Cabot, quoted by Rogers, A. W.: Disturbances of the Central Nervous System Accompanying Pernicious Anemia: Report of Two Cases , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 43:693, 1915. 9. Smithburn, R. C., and Zerfas, L. G.: The Neural Symptoms and Signs in Pernicious Anemia: Effects of Liver Extract , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 25: 1100 ( (May) ) 1931. 10. Bowman, K. M.: Psychoses with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. Psychiat. 92:371 ( (Sept.) ) 1935. 11. Barrett, A. M.: Mental Disorders and Cerebral Lesions Associated with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. Insanity 69:1063, 1913. 12. Camp, C. C.: Pernicious Anemia Causing Spinal Cord Changes and a Mental State Resembling Paresis , M. Rec. 81:156 ( (Jan. 27) ) 1912. 13. Williams, G. H.: The Psychosis Occurring During the Course of Pernicious Anemia , J. A. M. A. 63:936 ( (Sept. 12) ) 1914. 14. Bonhoffer, K.: Ueber psychische Störungen bei anämischen Prozessen , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 48:2357, 1911. 15. Parfitt, D. N.: Psychoses Associated with Pernicious Anemia , J. Neurol. & Psychopath. 15:12 ( (July) ) 1934. 16. Pickett, W. R.: Mental Symptoms Associated with Pernicious Anemia , Am. J. M. Sc. 127:1032 ( (June) ) 1904. 17. Hunt, E. L.: Neurological and Mental Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia , New York State J. Med. 34:99 ( (Feb. 1) ) 1934. 18. Atkin, I.: A Case of Pernicious Anemia Associated with Mental Disease , Lancet 2:569, 1932. 19. Langdon, F. W.: Nervous and Mental Manifestations of Prepernicious Anemia , J. A. M. A. 45:1635 ( (Nov. 25) ) 1905. 20. Weisenburg.7 21. Richardson, W.: Pernicious Anemia: The Results of Treatment with Liver or Its Derivatives in Sixty-Seven Cases , New England J. Med. 200:540 ( (March 14) ) 1929. 22. Grinker, R. R., and Kandel, E.: Pernicious Anemia: Results of Treatment of the Neurologic Complications , Arch. Int. Med. 54:851 ( (Dec.) ) 1934.Crossref 23. Wertham, Frederick, and Wertham, Florence: The Brain as an Organ , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1934. 24. Gildea, E. F.; Kattwinkel, E. E., and Castle, W. B.: Experimental Combined System Disease , New England J. Med. 202:523 ( (March 13) ) 1930.Crossref 25. Bender, L.: Psychoses Associated with Somatic Disease That Distort the Body Structure , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 32:1100 ( (Nov.) ) 1934. 26. Schilder, P.: Das Körperschema , Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932. 27. Jolliffe, N.; Brandaleone, H., and Most, H.: The Effect of Protein on the Carbohydrate Tolerance of Two Cases Having Combined Diabetes Mellitus and Pernicious Anemia , J. Clin. Investigation 14:357 ( (May) ) 1935.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1937

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