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AVERSION AND NEGATIVISM

AVERSION AND NEGATIVISM Abstract Negativism is a well established psychopathologic reaction signifying the negativistic behavior of patients with schizophrenia to stimuli from the environment (outer negativism), as well as to impulses from within (inner negativism). It was first described by Kahlbaum as the motor negativism which is seen in patients with catatonia. Later, especially through the work of Bleuler, this term was expanded to cover all negativistic reactions associated with schizophrenia. Bleuler1 agreed with Kraepelin that no intellectually understood motives play a part and stressed the "instinctive" or "impulsive" character. He therefore denied that affective factors play a dominant rôle. He formulated negativism as a secondary schizophrenic symptom in which ambivalency and ambitendency, the schizophrenic splitting, lack of clearness in thinking and imperfect logical thinking, autism and negative suggestibility are important dynamic factors. This formulation is generally accepted, except by the remaining school of Wernicke (Kleist2) and some Italian authors who seek References 1. Bleuler, E.: The Theory of Schizophrenic Negativism , translated by W. A. White, Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph 11, New York, Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1912. 2. Kleist, K.: Gegenhalten (motorischer Negativismus), Zwangsgreifen und Thalamus opticus , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 65:317, 1927.Crossref 3. Gross, O.: Zur Differentialdiagnostik negativistischer Phänomene , Psychiat.-neurol. Wchnschr. 6:345 and 357, 1904-1905. 4. Tuke, D. H.: A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine , Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1892, vol. 2, p. 832. 5. Jung, C. G.: Kritik über E. Bleuler: Zur Theorie des schizophrenen Negativismus , Jahrb. f. Psychoanal. u. psychopath. Forsch. 3:469, 1912. 6. Diethelm, Oskar: The Nosological Position of Panic Reactions , Am. J. Psychiat. 13:1295 ( (May) ) 1934. 7. Diethelm, Oskar: Nonorganization and Disorganization of the Personality During Psychoses , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 29:1289 ( (June) ) 1933. 8. Diethelm, Oskar: Treatment in Psychiatry , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1936, p. 157. 9. Meyer, Adolf: The Treatment of Paranoic and Paranoid States , in White, W. A., and Jelliffe, S. E.: Modern Treatment of Nervous and Mental Diseases , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1913, vol. 1, chap. 14, pp. 659-660. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

AVERSION AND NEGATIVISM

DIETHELM, OSKAR
Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry , Volume 37 (4) – Apr 1, 1937
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References (12)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1937 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1937.02260160105011
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Negativism is a well established psychopathologic reaction signifying the negativistic behavior of patients with schizophrenia to stimuli from the environment (outer negativism), as well as to impulses from within (inner negativism). It was first described by Kahlbaum as the motor negativism which is seen in patients with catatonia. Later, especially through the work of Bleuler, this term was expanded to cover all negativistic reactions associated with schizophrenia. Bleuler1 agreed with Kraepelin that no intellectually understood motives play a part and stressed the "instinctive" or "impulsive" character. He therefore denied that affective factors play a dominant rôle. He formulated negativism as a secondary schizophrenic symptom in which ambivalency and ambitendency, the schizophrenic splitting, lack of clearness in thinking and imperfect logical thinking, autism and negative suggestibility are important dynamic factors. This formulation is generally accepted, except by the remaining school of Wernicke (Kleist2) and some Italian authors who seek References 1. Bleuler, E.: The Theory of Schizophrenic Negativism , translated by W. A. White, Nervous and Mental Disease Monograph 11, New York, Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1912. 2. Kleist, K.: Gegenhalten (motorischer Negativismus), Zwangsgreifen und Thalamus opticus , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 65:317, 1927.Crossref 3. Gross, O.: Zur Differentialdiagnostik negativistischer Phänomene , Psychiat.-neurol. Wchnschr. 6:345 and 357, 1904-1905. 4. Tuke, D. H.: A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine , Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1892, vol. 2, p. 832. 5. Jung, C. G.: Kritik über E. Bleuler: Zur Theorie des schizophrenen Negativismus , Jahrb. f. Psychoanal. u. psychopath. Forsch. 3:469, 1912. 6. Diethelm, Oskar: The Nosological Position of Panic Reactions , Am. J. Psychiat. 13:1295 ( (May) ) 1934. 7. Diethelm, Oskar: Nonorganization and Disorganization of the Personality During Psychoses , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 29:1289 ( (June) ) 1933. 8. Diethelm, Oskar: Treatment in Psychiatry , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1936, p. 157. 9. Meyer, Adolf: The Treatment of Paranoic and Paranoid States , in White, W. A., and Jelliffe, S. E.: Modern Treatment of Nervous and Mental Diseases , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1913, vol. 1, chap. 14, pp. 659-660.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Apr 1, 1937

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