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CAFFEINE SODIOBENZOATE, SODIUM ISO-AMYLETHYL BARBITURATE, SODIUM BROMIDE AND CHLORAL HYDRATE: EFFECT ON THE HIGHEST INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS

CAFFEINE SODIOBENZOATE, SODIUM ISO-AMYLETHYL BARBITURATE, SODIUM BROMIDE AND CHLORAL HYDRATE:... Abstract The purpose of this communication is to present a description of the effects of caffeine sodiobenzoate, sodium iso-amylethyl barbiturate, sodium bromide and chloral hydrate on the highest integrative functions. The acquired or conditioned response has been taken as an expression of these functions. For experimental purposes standard methods of testing have been adopted and a measurable component of the conditioned response quantitatively studied. The effects of the aforementioned agents have been compared with other factors that alter responses involving the highest integrative functions. Animals with a relatively well developed cerebral cortex are characterized as a group by their ability to effect temporary connections between their constantly changing external environment and various activities of their physiologic households. In the broadest terms, it may be said of the group that if there is a coincidence in time of any external stimulus with some activity of the organism, this activity may subsequently be References 1. The salivary response to the metronome beating 140 times per minute in the control series fell within the limit of error of the apparatus (15 cu. mm.) and is considered negligible in this case. 2. A supporting harness was sometimes used in the narcosis of the experiments with drugs. 3. Pavlov, I. P.: Conditioned Reflexes , translated by G. V. Anrep, New York, Oxford University Press, 1927, p. 318. 4. Pavlov,3 p. 127. 5. Pavlov, I. P.: Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes , translated by W. H. Gantt, New York, International Publishing Co., 1928, p. 356. 6. In the course of anesthetizing several hundred cats for experimental purposes one of us (H. G. W.) observed that following the intraperitoneal injection of sodium iso-amylethyl barbiturate in doses of from 8 to 9 cc. of 1 per cent solution per kilogram of body weight, in the majority of instances the animal, if permitted, ran about, often bumping into obstacles, staggering, falling, and finally, when its legs failed to support it, lay on its side, and within from four to five minutes fell asleep. 7. Lebedinsky, quoted by Pavlov,3 p. 278. 8. Pavlov,3 p. 280. 9. Winterstein, Hans: Die Narcose , ed. 2, Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. 10. Loebel, R. O.; Richardson, H. B., and Shorr, E.: The Respiratory Metabolism of Acid-Fast Bacteria as Influenced by Foodstuffs, Narcotics and Methylene Blue , J. Clin. Investigation 11:839, 1932. 11. Bleckwenn, W. J.: The Use of Sodium Amytal in Catatonia, in Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox), A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. 10:224, 1931. 12. Loevenhart, A. S.; Lorenz, W. F.; Martin, H. G., and Malone, J. Y.: Stimulation of the Respiration by Sodium Cyanide and Its Clinical Application , Arch. Int. Med. 21:109 ( (Jan.) ) 1918. 13. Loevenhart, A. S.; Lorenz, W. F., and Waters, R. M.: Cerebral Stimulation , J. A. M. A. 92:880 ( (March 16) ) 1929. 14. Pavlov,3 p. 399. 15. Pavlov,3 p. 300. 16. Pavlov,5 p. 343. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

CAFFEINE SODIOBENZOATE, SODIUM ISO-AMYLETHYL BARBITURATE, SODIUM BROMIDE AND CHLORAL HYDRATE: EFFECT ON THE HIGHEST INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS

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References (8)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1935 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1935.02250170116009
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract The purpose of this communication is to present a description of the effects of caffeine sodiobenzoate, sodium iso-amylethyl barbiturate, sodium bromide and chloral hydrate on the highest integrative functions. The acquired or conditioned response has been taken as an expression of these functions. For experimental purposes standard methods of testing have been adopted and a measurable component of the conditioned response quantitatively studied. The effects of the aforementioned agents have been compared with other factors that alter responses involving the highest integrative functions. Animals with a relatively well developed cerebral cortex are characterized as a group by their ability to effect temporary connections between their constantly changing external environment and various activities of their physiologic households. In the broadest terms, it may be said of the group that if there is a coincidence in time of any external stimulus with some activity of the organism, this activity may subsequently be References 1. The salivary response to the metronome beating 140 times per minute in the control series fell within the limit of error of the apparatus (15 cu. mm.) and is considered negligible in this case. 2. A supporting harness was sometimes used in the narcosis of the experiments with drugs. 3. Pavlov, I. P.: Conditioned Reflexes , translated by G. V. Anrep, New York, Oxford University Press, 1927, p. 318. 4. Pavlov,3 p. 127. 5. Pavlov, I. P.: Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes , translated by W. H. Gantt, New York, International Publishing Co., 1928, p. 356. 6. In the course of anesthetizing several hundred cats for experimental purposes one of us (H. G. W.) observed that following the intraperitoneal injection of sodium iso-amylethyl barbiturate in doses of from 8 to 9 cc. of 1 per cent solution per kilogram of body weight, in the majority of instances the animal, if permitted, ran about, often bumping into obstacles, staggering, falling, and finally, when its legs failed to support it, lay on its side, and within from four to five minutes fell asleep. 7. Lebedinsky, quoted by Pavlov,3 p. 278. 8. Pavlov,3 p. 280. 9. Winterstein, Hans: Die Narcose , ed. 2, Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. 10. Loebel, R. O.; Richardson, H. B., and Shorr, E.: The Respiratory Metabolism of Acid-Fast Bacteria as Influenced by Foodstuffs, Narcotics and Methylene Blue , J. Clin. Investigation 11:839, 1932. 11. Bleckwenn, W. J.: The Use of Sodium Amytal in Catatonia, in Schizophrenia (Dementia Praecox), A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. 10:224, 1931. 12. Loevenhart, A. S.; Lorenz, W. F.; Martin, H. G., and Malone, J. Y.: Stimulation of the Respiration by Sodium Cyanide and Its Clinical Application , Arch. Int. Med. 21:109 ( (Jan.) ) 1918. 13. Loevenhart, A. S.; Lorenz, W. F., and Waters, R. M.: Cerebral Stimulation , J. A. M. A. 92:880 ( (March 16) ) 1929. 14. Pavlov,3 p. 399. 15. Pavlov,3 p. 300. 16. Pavlov,5 p. 343.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1935

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