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SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE BLOOD IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE BLOOD IN SCHIZOPHRENIA Abstract As a part of a general investigation of the organic functions in schizophrenia (Hoskins and others1), a study was undertaken of the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes. For the past decade this reaction has been recognized as a sensitive index of damage to tissue or of infection. The elaborate series of tests utilized seemed to assure the detection of complicating physical illnesses. With the elimination from the study, of patients with other diseases, it was thought that if any elevation of the sedimentation rate was found, it could be attributed to factors inherent in the psychosis. An examination of the literature on the application of this test in schizophrenia shows a marked lack of consistency of results. The sedimentation rate has been found to be retarded,2 normal3 or increased.4 It has been noted to vary during different stages of the illness, having a normal value in the References 1. Hoskins, R. G.; Sleeper, F. H.; Shakow, D.; Jellinek, E. M.; Looney, J. M., and Erickson, M. H.: A Cooperative Research on Schizophrenia , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 30:388 ( (Aug.) ) 1933. 2. Benvenuti, M.: Sulla prova di velocità di sedimentazione dei globuli rossi del sangue, con particolare riguardo alla sua applicazione alle malattie mentali , Rassegna di studi psichiat. 15:334, 1926 3. abstr., Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 46:67, 1927. 4. Anderson, E. W.: The Sedimentation Velocity of Erythrocytes in the Psychoses , J. Ment. Sc. 75:80 ( (Jan.) ) 1929. 5. Zara, E.: La velocità di sedimentazione delle emasie nella schizofrenia , Cervello 10:127 ( (May 15) ) 1931. 6. Jacobowsky, B.: Untersuchungen über die Senkungs-Geschwindigkeit der roten Blutkörperchen bei der Dementia praecox , Upsala läkaref. förh. 30:227, 1924 7. abstr., Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 40:828, 1925. 8. Müller, M.: Die Senkungsreaktion der roten Blutkörperchen bei schizophrenen Endzuständen , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 59:186, 1928. 9. Glaus, A., and Zutt, J.: Beitrag zur Frage der Senkungsgeschwindigkeit der roten Blutkörperchen bei Geisteskrankheiten insbesondere bei den Schizophrenien , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 82:66, 1923. 10. Murray, H. S. E.: The Sedimentation Test and Icterus Index , J. Ment. Sc. 76:85 ( (Jan.) ) 1930. 11. Stephenson, C.: Sedimentation Rates in Various Psychoses , Bull. Massachusetts Dept. Ment. Dis. 15:39 ( (April) ) 1931. 12. Plass, E. D., and Rourke, M. D.: A New Procedure for Determining Sedimentation Rates , J. Clin. Investigation 5:531, 1928. 13. Rourke, M. D., and Ernstene, A. C.: A Method for Correcting the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate for Variations in the Cell Volume Percentage of Blood , J. Clin. Investigation 8:545 ( (June 20) ) 1930. 14. Jellinek, E. M., and Freeman, H.: Unpublished data. 15. Plass, E. D., and Rourke, M. D.: The Effect of Venous Stasis on the Proteins of Blood Plasma and on the Rate of Sedimentation of the Red Blood Corpuscles , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 12:735 ( (May) ) 1927. 16. Pinner, M.; Knowlton, K., and Kelly, R. G.: The Sedimentation Rate of Erythrocytes: Its Relation to Fibrin Value and Cholesterol Content and Its Application in Tuberculosis , Arch. Path. 5:810 ( (May) ) 1928. 17. Townsend, C. D., and Roger, H. B.: A Contribution to the Study of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Reaction , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 13:819 ( (June) ) 1928. 18. Cutler, J.: The Graphic Presentation of the Blood Sedimentation Test: A Study in Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Am. J. M. Sc. 171:882, 1926. 19. Greisheimer, E. M.; Johnson, O. H., and Ryan, M.: The Relationship Between Sedimentation Index and Fibrin Content in Relatively Normal Individuals , Am. J. M. Sc. 177:816 ( (June) ) 1929. 20. Lasch, F.: Untersuchungen über die Ursache der beschleunigten Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit im höheren Alter , Wien. Arch. f. inn. Med. 22:155, 1931 21. abstr., Chem. Abstr. 26:1655, 1932. 22. Löw-Beer, L.: Die Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit im höheren Alter , Klin. Wchnschr. 8:1909 ( (Oct. 8) ) 1929.Crossref 23. Looney, J. M., and Freeman, H.: Unpublished data. 24. Ito, W.: Ueber den Einfluss der Blutgase (des Sauerstoffs und der Kohlensäure) auf die Senkungsgeschwindigkeit der Erythrozyten , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 5:139, 1924.Crossref 25. Hubbard, R. S., and Geiger, H. B.: Anaemia as a Factor in the Sedimentation Time of Erythrocytes , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 13:322 ( (Jan.) ) 1928. 26. Gram, H. C.: The Results of a New Method for Determining the Fibrin-Percentage in Blood and Plasma , Acta med. Scandinav. 56:107, 1922. 27. Greisheimer, E. M.; Ryan, M., and Johnson, O. H.: The Relationship Between Cell Count and Sedimentation Index , Am. J. Physiol. 89:170 ( (June) ) 1929. 28. Walton, A. C. R.: The Corrected Erythrocyte Sedimentation Test , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 18:711 ( (April) ) 1933. 29. Rubin, E. H.: The Relation of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Reaction to the Ability of Flocculation of the Plasma and Serum , Arch. Int. Med. 37:848 ( (June) ) 1926. 30. Sabin, F. R.: Bone Marrow , Physiol. Rev. 8:226, 1928. 31. Ernstene, A. C.: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Plasma Fibrinogen, and Leukocytosis as Indices of Rheumatic Infection , Am. J. M. Sc. 180:12 ( (July) ) 1930. 32. Garrey, W. E., and Butler, V.: Physiological Leucocytosis , Am. J. Physiol. 90:355 ( (Oct.) ) 1929. 33. Heimann, F.: Blutkörperchensenkung und Leukocyten , Zentralbl. f. Gynäk. 56:1378, 1932. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE BLOOD IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

FREEMAN, H.
Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry , Volume 30 (6) – Dec 1, 1933
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References (12)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1933 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1933.02240180120009
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract As a part of a general investigation of the organic functions in schizophrenia (Hoskins and others1), a study was undertaken of the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes. For the past decade this reaction has been recognized as a sensitive index of damage to tissue or of infection. The elaborate series of tests utilized seemed to assure the detection of complicating physical illnesses. With the elimination from the study, of patients with other diseases, it was thought that if any elevation of the sedimentation rate was found, it could be attributed to factors inherent in the psychosis. An examination of the literature on the application of this test in schizophrenia shows a marked lack of consistency of results. The sedimentation rate has been found to be retarded,2 normal3 or increased.4 It has been noted to vary during different stages of the illness, having a normal value in the References 1. Hoskins, R. G.; Sleeper, F. H.; Shakow, D.; Jellinek, E. M.; Looney, J. M., and Erickson, M. H.: A Cooperative Research on Schizophrenia , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 30:388 ( (Aug.) ) 1933. 2. Benvenuti, M.: Sulla prova di velocità di sedimentazione dei globuli rossi del sangue, con particolare riguardo alla sua applicazione alle malattie mentali , Rassegna di studi psichiat. 15:334, 1926 3. abstr., Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 46:67, 1927. 4. Anderson, E. W.: The Sedimentation Velocity of Erythrocytes in the Psychoses , J. Ment. Sc. 75:80 ( (Jan.) ) 1929. 5. Zara, E.: La velocità di sedimentazione delle emasie nella schizofrenia , Cervello 10:127 ( (May 15) ) 1931. 6. Jacobowsky, B.: Untersuchungen über die Senkungs-Geschwindigkeit der roten Blutkörperchen bei der Dementia praecox , Upsala läkaref. förh. 30:227, 1924 7. abstr., Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 40:828, 1925. 8. Müller, M.: Die Senkungsreaktion der roten Blutkörperchen bei schizophrenen Endzuständen , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 59:186, 1928. 9. Glaus, A., and Zutt, J.: Beitrag zur Frage der Senkungsgeschwindigkeit der roten Blutkörperchen bei Geisteskrankheiten insbesondere bei den Schizophrenien , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 82:66, 1923. 10. Murray, H. S. E.: The Sedimentation Test and Icterus Index , J. Ment. Sc. 76:85 ( (Jan.) ) 1930. 11. Stephenson, C.: Sedimentation Rates in Various Psychoses , Bull. Massachusetts Dept. Ment. Dis. 15:39 ( (April) ) 1931. 12. Plass, E. D., and Rourke, M. D.: A New Procedure for Determining Sedimentation Rates , J. Clin. Investigation 5:531, 1928. 13. Rourke, M. D., and Ernstene, A. C.: A Method for Correcting the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate for Variations in the Cell Volume Percentage of Blood , J. Clin. Investigation 8:545 ( (June 20) ) 1930. 14. Jellinek, E. M., and Freeman, H.: Unpublished data. 15. Plass, E. D., and Rourke, M. D.: The Effect of Venous Stasis on the Proteins of Blood Plasma and on the Rate of Sedimentation of the Red Blood Corpuscles , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 12:735 ( (May) ) 1927. 16. Pinner, M.; Knowlton, K., and Kelly, R. G.: The Sedimentation Rate of Erythrocytes: Its Relation to Fibrin Value and Cholesterol Content and Its Application in Tuberculosis , Arch. Path. 5:810 ( (May) ) 1928. 17. Townsend, C. D., and Roger, H. B.: A Contribution to the Study of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Reaction , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 13:819 ( (June) ) 1928. 18. Cutler, J.: The Graphic Presentation of the Blood Sedimentation Test: A Study in Pulmonary Tuberculosis , Am. J. M. Sc. 171:882, 1926. 19. Greisheimer, E. M.; Johnson, O. H., and Ryan, M.: The Relationship Between Sedimentation Index and Fibrin Content in Relatively Normal Individuals , Am. J. M. Sc. 177:816 ( (June) ) 1929. 20. Lasch, F.: Untersuchungen über die Ursache der beschleunigten Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit im höheren Alter , Wien. Arch. f. inn. Med. 22:155, 1931 21. abstr., Chem. Abstr. 26:1655, 1932. 22. Löw-Beer, L.: Die Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit im höheren Alter , Klin. Wchnschr. 8:1909 ( (Oct. 8) ) 1929.Crossref 23. Looney, J. M., and Freeman, H.: Unpublished data. 24. Ito, W.: Ueber den Einfluss der Blutgase (des Sauerstoffs und der Kohlensäure) auf die Senkungsgeschwindigkeit der Erythrozyten , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 5:139, 1924.Crossref 25. Hubbard, R. S., and Geiger, H. B.: Anaemia as a Factor in the Sedimentation Time of Erythrocytes , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 13:322 ( (Jan.) ) 1928. 26. Gram, H. C.: The Results of a New Method for Determining the Fibrin-Percentage in Blood and Plasma , Acta med. Scandinav. 56:107, 1922. 27. Greisheimer, E. M.; Ryan, M., and Johnson, O. H.: The Relationship Between Cell Count and Sedimentation Index , Am. J. Physiol. 89:170 ( (June) ) 1929. 28. Walton, A. C. R.: The Corrected Erythrocyte Sedimentation Test , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 18:711 ( (April) ) 1933. 29. Rubin, E. H.: The Relation of the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Reaction to the Ability of Flocculation of the Plasma and Serum , Arch. Int. Med. 37:848 ( (June) ) 1926. 30. Sabin, F. R.: Bone Marrow , Physiol. Rev. 8:226, 1928. 31. Ernstene, A. C.: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Plasma Fibrinogen, and Leukocytosis as Indices of Rheumatic Infection , Am. J. M. Sc. 180:12 ( (July) ) 1930. 32. Garrey, W. E., and Butler, V.: Physiological Leucocytosis , Am. J. Physiol. 90:355 ( (Oct.) ) 1929. 33. Heimann, F.: Blutkörperchensenkung und Leukocyten , Zentralbl. f. Gynäk. 56:1378, 1932.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1933

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