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BLOOD-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BARRIER IN ALCOHOLIC DISORDERS: AND IN SCHIZOPHRENIA COMPLICATED BY ALCOHOLISM; DISTRIBUTION RATIOS OF BROMIDE, CALCIUM, SUGAR AND CHLORIDES

BLOOD-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BARRIER IN ALCOHOLIC DISORDERS: AND IN SCHIZOPHRENIA COMPLICATED BY... Abstract Within recent years investigations of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier have occupied a prominent place in psychiatric research. Various methods have been developed for studying the functional state of the barrier. One of the procedures used most frequently for this purpose is the test devised by Walter1 for determining the ratio of distribution of bromide between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of this method have been discussed in previous communications.2 Apparently, few workers have attempted to test its accuracy by carrying out parallel experiments with other procedures for estimating the bromide content of the two fluids. Nevertheless, the consistent deviations from the normal that have been discovered in certain psychoses by means of Walter's method cannot be dismissed as purely accidental. Even though their significance may still be obscure, such deviations are of sufficient interest to render further studies in this field References 1. Walter, F. K.: Studien über die Permeabilität der Meningen , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 95:522, 1925.Crossref 2. Malamud, W.; Fuchs, D. M., and Malamud, N.: Barrier Between the Blood and the Cerebrospinal Fluid: I. Changes in Permeability in Mental Diseases , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 20:780 ( (Oct.) ) 1928. 3. Malamud, W., and Rothschild, D.: Barrier Between the Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid: III. Distribution Ratio of Bromides in Schizophrenias , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 24:348 ( (Aug.) ) 1930. 4. Rothschild, D., and Malamud, W.: The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Manic-Depressive Psychosis: Ratios of Distribution of Bromide, Calcium, Sugar and Chlorides , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 26:829 ( (Oct.) ) 1931. 5. Malamud and Rothschild.2b 6. Rothschild and Malamud.2c 7. Hauptmann, A.: Zur Pathogenese alkoholischer Geistes- und Nerven krankheiten an der Hand von Untersuchungen über die Blut-Liquorschranke , Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenh. 100:91, 1927. 8. Walter, F. K.: Die Blut-Liquorschranke , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1929. 9. von Rohden, F.: Ueber die diagnostische Bedeutung der Walterschen Permeabilitätsreaktion , Arch. f. Psychiat. 87:797, 1929. 10. Gordy, S. T., and Smith, S. M.: The Permeability of the Hemato-Encephalic Barrier as Determined by the Bromide Method , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 24:727 ( (Oct.) ) 1930. 11. Büchler, P.: Beiträge zur Permeabilitätsschwankung der Geistes- und Nervenkrankheiten , Arch. f. Psychiat. 77:613, 1926. 12. Fleischhacker, H., and Scheiderer, G.: Ueber die "Permeabilitätsquotienten" für Calcium, Chlor (Gesamthalogene) und Brom und ihre gegenseitigen Beziehungen bei endogenen Geisteskrankheiten , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 75: 346 ( (May) ) 1930. 13. Hauptmann, A.: Untersuchungen über die Blut-Liquorpassage bei Psychosen , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 100:332, 1926. 14. Clark, E. P., and Collip, J. B.: A Study of the Tisdall Method for the Determination of Blood Calcium With a Suggested Modification , J. Biol. Chem. 63:461, 1925. 15. Folin, O.: Unlaked Blood as a Basis for Blood Analysis , J. Biol. Chem. 86:173, 1930. 16. Folin, O.: Two Revised Copper Methods for Blood Sugar Determination , J. Biol. Chem. 82:83, 1929. 17. Van Slyke, D. D.: The Determination of Chlorides in Blood and Tissues , J. Biol. Chem. 58:523, 1923. 18. Fremont-Smith, F.; Dailey, M. E.; Merritt, H. H.; Carroll, M. P., and Thomas, G. W.: The Equilibrium Between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma: I. The Composition of the Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 25:1271 ( (June) ) 1931. 19. Leipold, W.: Durchlässigkeitsverhältnisse der Blutliquorschranke, Inaug. Diss., Greifswald, 1928. 20. Lokshina, F. S.: The Hemato-Encephalic Barrier in Alcoholic Intoxication , Medicobiol. J. 5:126, 1929 21. abstr., Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 26:1323 ( (Dec.) ) 1931. 22. Pohlisch, K.: Stoffwechseluntersuchungen beim chronischen Alkoholismus, Delirium tremens und der alkoholischer Korsakow-Psychose , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 62:211, 1926. 23. Büchler, P.: Leberstoffwechselstörungen der Gewohnheitstrinker: Beiträge zur Delirfrage , Arch. f. Psychiat. 81:280, 1927. 24. Fremont-Smith, F.; Dailey, M. E.; Merritt, H. H., and Carroll, M. P.: The Equilibrium Between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma: II. The Composition of the Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma in Meningitis , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 25:1290 ( (June) ) 1931. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

BLOOD-CEREBROSPINAL FLUID BARRIER IN ALCOHOLIC DISORDERS: AND IN SCHIZOPHRENIA COMPLICATED BY ALCOHOLISM; DISTRIBUTION RATIOS OF BROMIDE, CALCIUM, SUGAR AND CHLORIDES

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References (25)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1933 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1933.02240130149009
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Within recent years investigations of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier have occupied a prominent place in psychiatric research. Various methods have been developed for studying the functional state of the barrier. One of the procedures used most frequently for this purpose is the test devised by Walter1 for determining the ratio of distribution of bromide between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of this method have been discussed in previous communications.2 Apparently, few workers have attempted to test its accuracy by carrying out parallel experiments with other procedures for estimating the bromide content of the two fluids. Nevertheless, the consistent deviations from the normal that have been discovered in certain psychoses by means of Walter's method cannot be dismissed as purely accidental. Even though their significance may still be obscure, such deviations are of sufficient interest to render further studies in this field References 1. Walter, F. K.: Studien über die Permeabilität der Meningen , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 95:522, 1925.Crossref 2. Malamud, W.; Fuchs, D. M., and Malamud, N.: Barrier Between the Blood and the Cerebrospinal Fluid: I. Changes in Permeability in Mental Diseases , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 20:780 ( (Oct.) ) 1928. 3. Malamud, W., and Rothschild, D.: Barrier Between the Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid: III. Distribution Ratio of Bromides in Schizophrenias , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 24:348 ( (Aug.) ) 1930. 4. Rothschild, D., and Malamud, W.: The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Manic-Depressive Psychosis: Ratios of Distribution of Bromide, Calcium, Sugar and Chlorides , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 26:829 ( (Oct.) ) 1931. 5. Malamud and Rothschild.2b 6. Rothschild and Malamud.2c 7. Hauptmann, A.: Zur Pathogenese alkoholischer Geistes- und Nerven krankheiten an der Hand von Untersuchungen über die Blut-Liquorschranke , Deutsche Ztschr. f. Nervenh. 100:91, 1927. 8. Walter, F. K.: Die Blut-Liquorschranke , Leipzig, Georg Thieme, 1929. 9. von Rohden, F.: Ueber die diagnostische Bedeutung der Walterschen Permeabilitätsreaktion , Arch. f. Psychiat. 87:797, 1929. 10. Gordy, S. T., and Smith, S. M.: The Permeability of the Hemato-Encephalic Barrier as Determined by the Bromide Method , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 24:727 ( (Oct.) ) 1930. 11. Büchler, P.: Beiträge zur Permeabilitätsschwankung der Geistes- und Nervenkrankheiten , Arch. f. Psychiat. 77:613, 1926. 12. Fleischhacker, H., and Scheiderer, G.: Ueber die "Permeabilitätsquotienten" für Calcium, Chlor (Gesamthalogene) und Brom und ihre gegenseitigen Beziehungen bei endogenen Geisteskrankheiten , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 75: 346 ( (May) ) 1930. 13. Hauptmann, A.: Untersuchungen über die Blut-Liquorpassage bei Psychosen , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 100:332, 1926. 14. Clark, E. P., and Collip, J. B.: A Study of the Tisdall Method for the Determination of Blood Calcium With a Suggested Modification , J. Biol. Chem. 63:461, 1925. 15. Folin, O.: Unlaked Blood as a Basis for Blood Analysis , J. Biol. Chem. 86:173, 1930. 16. Folin, O.: Two Revised Copper Methods for Blood Sugar Determination , J. Biol. Chem. 82:83, 1929. 17. Van Slyke, D. D.: The Determination of Chlorides in Blood and Tissues , J. Biol. Chem. 58:523, 1923. 18. Fremont-Smith, F.; Dailey, M. E.; Merritt, H. H.; Carroll, M. P., and Thomas, G. W.: The Equilibrium Between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma: I. The Composition of the Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 25:1271 ( (June) ) 1931. 19. Leipold, W.: Durchlässigkeitsverhältnisse der Blutliquorschranke, Inaug. Diss., Greifswald, 1928. 20. Lokshina, F. S.: The Hemato-Encephalic Barrier in Alcoholic Intoxication , Medicobiol. J. 5:126, 1929 21. abstr., Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 26:1323 ( (Dec.) ) 1931. 22. Pohlisch, K.: Stoffwechseluntersuchungen beim chronischen Alkoholismus, Delirium tremens und der alkoholischer Korsakow-Psychose , Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 62:211, 1926. 23. Büchler, P.: Leberstoffwechselstörungen der Gewohnheitstrinker: Beiträge zur Delirfrage , Arch. f. Psychiat. 81:280, 1927. 24. Fremont-Smith, F.; Dailey, M. E.; Merritt, H. H., and Carroll, M. P.: The Equilibrium Between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma: II. The Composition of the Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Plasma in Meningitis , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 25:1290 ( (June) ) 1931.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1933

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