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NEURON DESTRUCTION IN POSTENCEPHALITIC PARALYSIS AGITANS: A MICROMENTRIC STUDY OF THE LENTICULAR REGION AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

NEURON DESTRUCTION IN POSTENCEPHALITIC PARALYSIS AGITANS: A MICROMENTRIC STUDY OF THE LENTICULAR... Abstract The parkinsonian syndrome following epidemic encephalitis has terminated fatally with sufficient frequency to permit numerous, though scattered, observations on the pathologic picture. The following brief review of the available literature will serve to indicate the differences of opinion which exist, relative particularly to the rôle of the globus pallidus or substantia nigra lesions in the production of the syndrome. Lesions in the substantia nigra have been admitted by proponents of the idea that globus pallidus involvement is the essential feature of the pathogenesis of the disease and, conversely, globus pallidus lesions have been described by most of the observers who would place the seat of the difficulty in the substantia nigra. Up to the present no one has undertaken a detailed evaluation of the quantitative amount of cell destruction in these regions in any case. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of such a study in References 1. Manschot, quoted by Hunt, J. R.: Paralysis agitans , Amsterdam, F. van Rossen, 1904. 2. Jelgersma: Neue anatomische Befunde bei Paralysis agitans und bei chronischer Chorea , Neurol. Centralbl. 27:995, 1908. 3. Lewy, F. H.: Paralysis agitans , Lewandowsky's Handbuch der Neurologie 2:920, 1912. 4. Auer, E. M., and McGouch, G. P.: Pathological Findings in Two Cases of Paralysis Agitans , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 43:532, 1916. 5. Wilson, S. A. K.: An Experimental Research Into the Anatomy and Physiology of the Corpus Striatum , Brain 36:427, 1914. 6. Hunt, J. R.: Primary Atrophy of the Pallidal System of the Corpus Striatum. A Contribution to the Nature and Pathology of Paralysis Agitans , Arch. Int. Med. 22:647, 1918. 7. König, O.: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der sog. Paralysis agitans sine agitatione auf dem pathologisch-anatomischen Boden der Encephalitis epidemica , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 75:221, 1922. 8. Vogt C. and O.: Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unsere Hirnforschung J. f. Psychol. u. Neurol., Leipzig 25:1919 9. Zur Lehre der Erkrankungen des striären System , J. f. Psychol. u. Neurol., Leipzig 25:631, 1920. 10. Lhermitte, J., and Cornil, L.: Recherches anatomiques sur la maladie de Parkinson , Rev. neurol. , (June) , 1921, p. 587. 11. Francais, H., and Lhermitte, J.: Étude anatomo-clinique d'un cas de syndrome pallidal consécutif d'une encephalite léthargique , Rev. neurol. , (April) , 1922, p. 462. 12. Lhermitte, J.; Kraus, W. M., and McAlpine, D.: Occurrence of Abnormal Deposits of Iron in the Brain in Parkinsonianism , J. Neurol. and Psychopath. 5:195, 1924. 13. Beschet, quoted by Trétiakoff: Thése, Paris, 1911. 14. Mendel, quoted by Trétiakoff: Die Paralysis agitans , Berlin, 1911. 15. Marinesco and Blocq, quoted by Trétiakoff: Soc. de Biologia , (May 17) . 1893. 16. Trétiakoff, C.: Contribution a l'étude de l'anatomie pathologique du locus niger de Soemmering, avec quelques déductions relatives a la pathogenie des troubles du tonus musculaire et de maladie de Parkinson , Thése, Paris, 1919. 17. McKinley, J. C.: Lesions in the brain of a patient with Postencephalitic Paralysis Agitans , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 9:47 ( (Jan.) ) 1923. 18. Gamno, C., and Omodeii-Jorini, A.: Sulla patogenesi della sindromi amiostatiche postencephalitiche , Pathologica 15:11, 1923. 19. Foix, C.: Les lésions anatomiques de la maladie de Parkinson , Rev. neurol. 28:593, 1921. 20. Goldstein, K.: Ueber anatomische Veränderungen (Atrophie der Substantia nigra) bei postencephalitischen Parkinsonismus , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 76:627, 1922. 21. McAlpine, D.: The Pathology of the Parkinsonian Syndrome Following Encephalitis Lethargica, with a Note on the Occurrence of Calcification in This Disease , Brain 46:255, 1923. 22. Strauss, J. H., and Globus, I.: A Contribution to the Neuropathology of the Parkinson Syndrome Following Epidemic Encephalitis , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. , 1923, p. 329. 23. Hunt, E. L., and Cornwall, L. H.: The Postencephalitic Parkinsonian Syndrome , J. A. M. A. 84:29 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1925. 24. Hohman, L. B.: Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über den encephalitischen Parkinsonismus , Arb. a. d. neurol. Inst. a. d. Wiener Univ. 27:1, 1925. 25. D'Antona, S., and Vegni, R.: Reperto anatomopatologico in un caso di encephalite epidemica cronica , Policlinico , Rome 29:81, 1922. 26. Hallervorden, J., and Spatz, H.: Eigenartige Erkrankung im extrapyramidalen System mit besonderer Beteiligung des Globus pallidus und der Substantia nigra , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 79:254, 1922. 27. Rosenthal, D., quoted by Ingebert: De numero atque mensura elementarium systematis cerebrospinalis symbolae, Diss. Vratislaviae, 1845. 28. Stillwig, B., quoted by Ingebert: Neue Untersuchungen über dem Bau des Rückenmrkes, 1859. 29. Tergast, P.: Ueber das Verhältnis von Nerve und Muskel , Arch. f. mikr. Anat., Bonn 9:26, 1872. 30. Krause, W.: Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen , Hannover, 1905. 31. Kuhnt, H.: Zur Kenntnis des Sehnerven und der Netzhaut , Arch. f. Ophth. 25:179, 1879. 32. Birge, E. A.: Die Zahl der Nervenfasern und der motorischen Ganglienzellen im Rückenmark des Frosches , Arch. f. Physiol. , 1882, p. 435. 33. Gaule and Lewin: Ueber die Zahlen der Nervenfasern und Ganglienzellen in Spinalganglien des Kanninchens , Centralbl. f. Physiol. 10:437, 1896. 34. Bühler, quoted by Hardesty: Untersuchungen über dem Bau der Nervenzellen , Verhandl. d. physik. med. Gessellsch. zu Würzburg. N. F. 31. 35. Thompson, H. B.: The Total Number of Functional Cells in the Cerebral Cortex of Man, etc. , J. Comp. Neurol. 9:113, 1899.Crossref 36. Hardesty, I.: Number and Arrangements of the Fibers Forming the Spinal Nerves of the Frog, Rana virescens , J. Comp. Neurol. 9:65, 1899.Crossref 37. Dale, J.: On Some Numerical Comparisons of the Centripetal and Centrifugal Medullated Nerve Fibers Arising in the Spinal Ganglia of the Mammal , J. Physiol. (Foster) 25:196, 1900. 38. Dunn, E. H.: On the Number and on the Relation Between Diameter and Distribution of the Nerve Fibers Innervating the Leg of the Frog, Rana virescens brachycephala, Cope , J. Comp. Neurol. 12:297, 1902.Crossref 39. Ingebert, C. E.: An Enumeration of the Medullated Nerve Fibers in the Dorsal Roots of the Spinal Nerves of Man , J. Comp. Neurol. 13:53, 1903.Crossref 40. Hatai, S.: Number and Size of the Spinal Ganglion Cells and Dorsal Root Fibers in the White Rat at Different Ages , J. Comp. Neurol. 12:107, 1902.Crossref 41. Boughten, J. H.: The Increase in the Number and Size of the Medullated Fibers in the Oculomotor Nerve of the White Rat and of the Cat at Different Ages , J. Comp. Neurol. 16:153, 1906. 42. Ranson, S. A.: Structure of the Spinal Ganglia and of Spinal Nerves , J. Comp. Neurol. 22:159, 1912.Crossref 43. Holt, C. M.: Studies on the Olfactory Bulbs of the Albino Rat , J. Comp. Neurol. 27:201, 1917.Crossref 44. Agduhr, E.: Is the Postembryonic Growth of the Nervous System Due Only to an Increase in Size or Also to an Increase in Number of Neurons? Vers. d. Vergad. d. kon. Acad. v. wet. (afd. Wis-en Naturwk.) 27:1011, 1919. 45. Chi Ping: On the Growth of the Largest Nerve Cells in the Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion of the Albino Rat from Birth to Maturity , J. Comp. Neurol. 33:281, 1921.Crossref 46. Berger, H.: Untersuchungen über den Zellgehalt der menschlichen Grosshirnrinde , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 69:46, 1921.Crossref 47. Jones, D. C.: A First Course in Statistics , Ed. 2, London, G. Bell and Sons Ltd., 1924. 48. King, W. I.: The Elements of Statistical Method , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1912. 49. Bowley, A. L.: Elements of Statistics , Ed. 4, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

NEURON DESTRUCTION IN POSTENCEPHALITIC PARALYSIS AGITANS: A MICROMENTRIC STUDY OF THE LENTICULAR REGION AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA

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References (28)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1926 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1926.02200190004001
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Abstract

Abstract The parkinsonian syndrome following epidemic encephalitis has terminated fatally with sufficient frequency to permit numerous, though scattered, observations on the pathologic picture. The following brief review of the available literature will serve to indicate the differences of opinion which exist, relative particularly to the rôle of the globus pallidus or substantia nigra lesions in the production of the syndrome. Lesions in the substantia nigra have been admitted by proponents of the idea that globus pallidus involvement is the essential feature of the pathogenesis of the disease and, conversely, globus pallidus lesions have been described by most of the observers who would place the seat of the difficulty in the substantia nigra. Up to the present no one has undertaken a detailed evaluation of the quantitative amount of cell destruction in these regions in any case. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of such a study in References 1. Manschot, quoted by Hunt, J. R.: Paralysis agitans , Amsterdam, F. van Rossen, 1904. 2. Jelgersma: Neue anatomische Befunde bei Paralysis agitans und bei chronischer Chorea , Neurol. Centralbl. 27:995, 1908. 3. Lewy, F. H.: Paralysis agitans , Lewandowsky's Handbuch der Neurologie 2:920, 1912. 4. Auer, E. M., and McGouch, G. P.: Pathological Findings in Two Cases of Paralysis Agitans , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 43:532, 1916. 5. Wilson, S. A. K.: An Experimental Research Into the Anatomy and Physiology of the Corpus Striatum , Brain 36:427, 1914. 6. Hunt, J. R.: Primary Atrophy of the Pallidal System of the Corpus Striatum. A Contribution to the Nature and Pathology of Paralysis Agitans , Arch. Int. Med. 22:647, 1918. 7. König, O.: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der sog. Paralysis agitans sine agitatione auf dem pathologisch-anatomischen Boden der Encephalitis epidemica , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 75:221, 1922. 8. Vogt C. and O.: Allgemeinere Ergebnisse unsere Hirnforschung J. f. Psychol. u. Neurol., Leipzig 25:1919 9. Zur Lehre der Erkrankungen des striären System , J. f. Psychol. u. Neurol., Leipzig 25:631, 1920. 10. Lhermitte, J., and Cornil, L.: Recherches anatomiques sur la maladie de Parkinson , Rev. neurol. , (June) , 1921, p. 587. 11. Francais, H., and Lhermitte, J.: Étude anatomo-clinique d'un cas de syndrome pallidal consécutif d'une encephalite léthargique , Rev. neurol. , (April) , 1922, p. 462. 12. Lhermitte, J.; Kraus, W. M., and McAlpine, D.: Occurrence of Abnormal Deposits of Iron in the Brain in Parkinsonianism , J. Neurol. and Psychopath. 5:195, 1924. 13. Beschet, quoted by Trétiakoff: Thése, Paris, 1911. 14. Mendel, quoted by Trétiakoff: Die Paralysis agitans , Berlin, 1911. 15. Marinesco and Blocq, quoted by Trétiakoff: Soc. de Biologia , (May 17) . 1893. 16. Trétiakoff, C.: Contribution a l'étude de l'anatomie pathologique du locus niger de Soemmering, avec quelques déductions relatives a la pathogenie des troubles du tonus musculaire et de maladie de Parkinson , Thése, Paris, 1919. 17. McKinley, J. C.: Lesions in the brain of a patient with Postencephalitic Paralysis Agitans , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 9:47 ( (Jan.) ) 1923. 18. Gamno, C., and Omodeii-Jorini, A.: Sulla patogenesi della sindromi amiostatiche postencephalitiche , Pathologica 15:11, 1923. 19. Foix, C.: Les lésions anatomiques de la maladie de Parkinson , Rev. neurol. 28:593, 1921. 20. Goldstein, K.: Ueber anatomische Veränderungen (Atrophie der Substantia nigra) bei postencephalitischen Parkinsonismus , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 76:627, 1922. 21. McAlpine, D.: The Pathology of the Parkinsonian Syndrome Following Encephalitis Lethargica, with a Note on the Occurrence of Calcification in This Disease , Brain 46:255, 1923. 22. Strauss, J. H., and Globus, I.: A Contribution to the Neuropathology of the Parkinson Syndrome Following Epidemic Encephalitis , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. , 1923, p. 329. 23. Hunt, E. L., and Cornwall, L. H.: The Postencephalitic Parkinsonian Syndrome , J. A. M. A. 84:29 ( (Jan. 3) ) 1925. 24. Hohman, L. B.: Pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über den encephalitischen Parkinsonismus , Arb. a. d. neurol. Inst. a. d. Wiener Univ. 27:1, 1925. 25. D'Antona, S., and Vegni, R.: Reperto anatomopatologico in un caso di encephalite epidemica cronica , Policlinico , Rome 29:81, 1922. 26. Hallervorden, J., and Spatz, H.: Eigenartige Erkrankung im extrapyramidalen System mit besonderer Beteiligung des Globus pallidus und der Substantia nigra , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 79:254, 1922. 27. Rosenthal, D., quoted by Ingebert: De numero atque mensura elementarium systematis cerebrospinalis symbolae, Diss. Vratislaviae, 1845. 28. Stillwig, B., quoted by Ingebert: Neue Untersuchungen über dem Bau des Rückenmrkes, 1859. 29. Tergast, P.: Ueber das Verhältnis von Nerve und Muskel , Arch. f. mikr. Anat., Bonn 9:26, 1872. 30. Krause, W.: Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen , Hannover, 1905. 31. Kuhnt, H.: Zur Kenntnis des Sehnerven und der Netzhaut , Arch. f. Ophth. 25:179, 1879. 32. Birge, E. A.: Die Zahl der Nervenfasern und der motorischen Ganglienzellen im Rückenmark des Frosches , Arch. f. Physiol. , 1882, p. 435. 33. Gaule and Lewin: Ueber die Zahlen der Nervenfasern und Ganglienzellen in Spinalganglien des Kanninchens , Centralbl. f. Physiol. 10:437, 1896. 34. Bühler, quoted by Hardesty: Untersuchungen über dem Bau der Nervenzellen , Verhandl. d. physik. med. Gessellsch. zu Würzburg. N. F. 31. 35. Thompson, H. B.: The Total Number of Functional Cells in the Cerebral Cortex of Man, etc. , J. Comp. Neurol. 9:113, 1899.Crossref 36. Hardesty, I.: Number and Arrangements of the Fibers Forming the Spinal Nerves of the Frog, Rana virescens , J. Comp. Neurol. 9:65, 1899.Crossref 37. Dale, J.: On Some Numerical Comparisons of the Centripetal and Centrifugal Medullated Nerve Fibers Arising in the Spinal Ganglia of the Mammal , J. Physiol. (Foster) 25:196, 1900. 38. Dunn, E. H.: On the Number and on the Relation Between Diameter and Distribution of the Nerve Fibers Innervating the Leg of the Frog, Rana virescens brachycephala, Cope , J. Comp. Neurol. 12:297, 1902.Crossref 39. Ingebert, C. E.: An Enumeration of the Medullated Nerve Fibers in the Dorsal Roots of the Spinal Nerves of Man , J. Comp. Neurol. 13:53, 1903.Crossref 40. Hatai, S.: Number and Size of the Spinal Ganglion Cells and Dorsal Root Fibers in the White Rat at Different Ages , J. Comp. Neurol. 12:107, 1902.Crossref 41. Boughten, J. H.: The Increase in the Number and Size of the Medullated Fibers in the Oculomotor Nerve of the White Rat and of the Cat at Different Ages , J. Comp. Neurol. 16:153, 1906. 42. Ranson, S. A.: Structure of the Spinal Ganglia and of Spinal Nerves , J. Comp. Neurol. 22:159, 1912.Crossref 43. Holt, C. M.: Studies on the Olfactory Bulbs of the Albino Rat , J. Comp. Neurol. 27:201, 1917.Crossref 44. Agduhr, E.: Is the Postembryonic Growth of the Nervous System Due Only to an Increase in Size or Also to an Increase in Number of Neurons? Vers. d. Vergad. d. kon. Acad. v. wet. (afd. Wis-en Naturwk.) 27:1011, 1919. 45. Chi Ping: On the Growth of the Largest Nerve Cells in the Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion of the Albino Rat from Birth to Maturity , J. Comp. Neurol. 33:281, 1921.Crossref 46. Berger, H.: Untersuchungen über den Zellgehalt der menschlichen Grosshirnrinde , Ztschr. f. d. ges. Neurol. u. Psychiat. 69:46, 1921.Crossref 47. Jones, D. C.: A First Course in Statistics , Ed. 2, London, G. Bell and Sons Ltd., 1924. 48. King, W. I.: The Elements of Statistical Method , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1912. 49. Bowley, A. L.: Elements of Statistics , Ed. 4, New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920.

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Jan 1, 1926

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