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Viral Antibody Titers: Comparison in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Viral Antibody Titers: Comparison in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Abstract • Higher titers of antibodies to measles virus envelope antigens, hemolysin and hemagglutinin, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen and nuclear antigen, and rubella virus hemagglutinin were demonstrated in serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis than in age- and sex-matched control subjects. A significant correlation was observed between antibodies to measles and rubella viruses both in patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but such a correlation was not observed between antibodies to EBV and measles or rubella viruses. Whether elevated levels of antibodies to EBV are due to reactivation of the virus, or elevated levels of antibodies to all the enveloped viruses result from cross-reactions between viruses and host tissue, or perhaps reflect defects in immunoregulation, needs further investigation. References 1. McFarlin DE, McFarland HF: Multiple sclerosis . N Engl J Med 1982;307:1246-1251.Crossref 2. Waksman B: Mechanisms in multiple sclerosis . Nature 1985;318:104-105.Crossref 3. Iivanainen MV: The significance of abnormal immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis . J Neuroimmunol 1981;1:141-172.Crossref 4. Norrby E, Gollmar Y: Appearance and persistence of antibodies against different virus components after regular measles infections . Infect Immun 1972;6:240-247. 5. Salmi AA, Norrby E, Panelius M: Identification of different measles virus-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis . Infect Immun 1972;6:248-254. 6. Shirodaria PV, Fraser KB, Armstrong MA, et al: Measles virus-specific antibodies and immunoglobulin M antiglobulin in sera from multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis patients . Infect Immun 1979;25:408-416. 7. Sumaya CV, Myers LW, Ellison GW: Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in multiple sclerosis . Arch Neurol 1980;37:94-96.Crossref 8. Larsen PD, Bloomer LC, Bray PF: Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and viral capsid antigen antibody titers in multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1985;35:435-438.Crossref 9. Bray PF, Bloomer LC, Salmon VC, et al: Epstein-Barr virus infection and antibody synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis . Arch Neurol 1983;40:406-408.Crossref 10. Sumaya CV, Myers LW, Ellison GW, et al: Increased prevalence and titer of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis . Ann Neurol 1985;17:371-377.Crossref 11. Craig JC, Hawkins SA, Swallow MW, et al: Subsets of T lymphocytes in relation to T lymphocyte function in multiple sclerosis . Clin Exp Immunol 1985;61:548-555. 12. Shirodaria PV, McMillan SA, Callender ME, et al: Antibodies specific for measles virus envelope antigens and autoantibodies in patients with chronic active hepatitis . J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1281-1288.Crossref 13. Elson CJ, Crawford DH, Bucknall RC, et al: Infection with EB virus and rheumatoid arthritis . Lancet 1979;1:105.Crossref 14. Gaston JSH, Rickinson AB, Epstein MA: Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients . Rheumatol Int 1982;2:155-159.Crossref 15. Alspaugh MA, Henle G, Lennette ET, et al: Elevated levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens in sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis . J Clin Invest 1981;67:1134-1140.Crossref 16. Ferrell TB, Tipton C, Pearson GR, et al: Sero-epidemiological study of relationships between Epstein-Barr virus and rheumatoid arthritis . J Clin Invest 1981;67:681-687.Crossref 17. Tosato G, Steinberg AD, Blaese RM: Defective EBV-specific suppressor T-cell function in rheumatoid arthritis . N Engl J Med 1981;305:1238-1243.Crossref 18. Waksman BH, Reynolds WE: Multiple sclerosis as a disease of immune regulation . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1984;175:282-294.Crossref 19. Allison RS, Millar JHD: Prevalence and familial incidence of disseminated sclerosis in Northern Ireland . Ulster Med J 1954;23( (suppl 2) ):1-92. 20. Leibowitz U, Alter M: Multiple Sclerosis: Clues to Its Cause . Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co, 1973. 21. Ropes MW, Bennett GA, Cobb S, et al: 1958 revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum 1959;2:16-20.Crossref 22. Fraser KB, Gharpure M, Shirodaria PV, et al: Distribution and relationships of antigens of measles virus membrane complex in the infected cell and the nature of the haemolysin antigen , in Mahy BMJ, Barry RD (eds): Negative Strand Viruses and the Host Cell . Orlando, Fla, Academic Press Inc, 1978, pp 771-780. 23. Henle G, Henle W: Immunofluorescence in cells derived from Burkitt's lymphoma . J Bacteriol 1966;91:1248-1256. 24. Reedman BM, Klein G: Cellular localization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated complement-fixing antigen in producer and nonproducer lymphoblastoid cell lines . Int J Cancer 1973;11:599-620.Crossref 25. Grist NR, Bell EJ, Follett ESC, et al: Diagnostic Methods in Clinical Virology , ed 3. Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc, 1979, pp 116-128. 26. Kalliomaki NL, Halonen P, Salmi A: Virus antibodies in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases Ann Rheum Dis 1975;34:43-47.Crossref 27. Stroop WG, Beringer JR: Persistent, slow and latent viral infections . Prog Med Virol 1982;28:1-32. 28. Henle W, Henle G: Seroepidemiology of the virus in Epstein MA, Achone BG (eds): The Epstein-Barr Virus . New York, Springer-Verlag NY Inc, 1979, pp 61-78. 29. Hall WW, Chopin PW: Failure to detect measles virus proteins in brain tissue of patients with multiple sclerosis . Lancet 1982;1:957.Crossref 30. Norval M, Smith C: Search for viral nucleic sequences in rheumatoid cells . Ann Rheum Dis 1979;38:456-462.Crossref 31. Fraser KB, Haire M, Millar JHD, et al: Increased tendency to spontaneous in vitro lymphocyte transformation in clincally active multiple sclerosis . Lancet 1979;1:715-717.Crossref 32. Yao Qy, Rickinson AB, Gaston JSH, et al: Disturbance of the Epstein-Barr virus-host balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A quantitative study . Clin Exp Immunol 1986;64:302-310. 33. Stewart GJ, Basten A, Guinan J, et al: HLA-DW2 viral immunity and family studies in multiple sclerosis . J Neurol Sci 1977;32:153-167.Crossref 34. Sever JL, Terasaki PI, Park MS, et al: Measles antibody titers in multiple sclerosis patients and HLA-matched and unmatched siblings . Neurology 1981;31:1142-1144.Crossref 35. Salmi A, Reunanen M, Ilonen J, et al: Intrathecal antibody synthesis to virus antigens in multiple sclerosis . Clin Exp Immunol 1983;52:241-249. 36. Woyciechowska JL, Dambrozia J, Leinikki P, et al: Viral antibodies intwins with multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1985;35:1176-1180.Crossref 37. Fujinami RS, Oldstone MBA, Wroblewska Z, et al: Molecular mimicry in virus infection: Cross-reaction of measles virus phosphoprotein or of herpes simplex virus protein with human intermediate filaments . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:2346-2350.Crossref 38. Dales S, Fujinami RS, Oldstone MBA: Infection with vaccinia favors the selection of hybridomas synthesizing autoantibodies against intermediate filaments, one of them cross-reacting with the virus hemagglutinin . J Immunol 1983;131:1546-1553. 39. Goswami KKA, Morris RJ, Rastogi SC, et al: A neutralising monoclonal antibody against a paramyxovirus reacts with a brain antigen . J Neuroimmunol 1985;9:99-108.Crossref 40. Garzelli C, Taub FE, Scharff JE, et al: Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes produce monoclonal autoantibodies that react with antigens in multiple organs . J Virol 1984;52:722-725. 41. Jahnke U, Fischer EH, Alvord EC: Sequence homology between certain viral proteins and proteins related to encephalomyelitis and neuritis , Science 1985;229:284.Crossref 42. Laitinen O, Vaheri A: Very high measles and rubella virus antibody titres associated with hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and infectious mononucleosis . Lancet 1974;1:194-198.Crossref 43. Cremer NE, Johnson KP, Fein G, et al: Comprehensive viral immunology of multiple sclerosis: II. Analysis of serum and CSF antibodies by standard serological methods . Arch Neurol 1980;37:610-615.Crossref 44. Veys EM, Hermanns P, Goldstein G, et al: Determination of T lymphocyte subpopulations by monoclonal antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of immunomodulating agents . Int J Immunopharmacol 1981;3:313-319.Crossref 45. Duke O, Panayi GS, Janossy G, et al: Analysis of T subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of monoclonal antibodies . Ann Rheum Dis 1983;42;357-361.Crossref 46. Goust JM, Hoffman PM, Pryjma J, et al: Defective immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis . Ann Neurol 1980;8:526-533.Crossref 47. Sakane T, Takada S, Murakawa Y, et al: Analysis of suppressor T cell function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Defects in production of and responsiveness to concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cells . J Immunol 1982;129:1972-1977. 48. Merrill JE, Nohlstrom C, Uittenbogaart C, et al: Response to and production of interleukin 2 by peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis . J Immunol 1984;133:1931-1937. 49. Miyasaka N, Nakamura T, Russell IJ, et al: Interleukin 2 deficiencies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus . Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1984;31:109-117.Crossref 50. Vervliet G, Claeys H, Van Haver H, et al: Interferon production and natural killer activity in leucocyte cultures from multiple sclerosis patients . J Neurol Sci 1983;60:137-150.Crossref 51. Hasler F, Bluestein HG, Zvaifler NJ, et al: Analysis of the defects responsible for the impaired regularion of Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell proliferation by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes: I. Diminished gamma interferon production in response to autologous stimulation . J Exp Med 1983;157:173-188.Crossref 52. Dore-Duffy P: Prostaglandins in multiple sclerosis, abstracted . J Neuroimmunol 1982;2( (suppl 1) ):S23. 53. Seitz M, Deiman N, Gram N, et al: Characterization of blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients: I. Depressed lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced prostanoid release from monocytes . Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1982;25:405-416.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology American Medical Association

Viral Antibody Titers: Comparison in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

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References (58)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9942
eISSN
1538-3687
DOI
10.1001/archneur.1987.00520240019006
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract • Higher titers of antibodies to measles virus envelope antigens, hemolysin and hemagglutinin, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen and nuclear antigen, and rubella virus hemagglutinin were demonstrated in serum samples of patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis than in age- and sex-matched control subjects. A significant correlation was observed between antibodies to measles and rubella viruses both in patients with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but such a correlation was not observed between antibodies to EBV and measles or rubella viruses. Whether elevated levels of antibodies to EBV are due to reactivation of the virus, or elevated levels of antibodies to all the enveloped viruses result from cross-reactions between viruses and host tissue, or perhaps reflect defects in immunoregulation, needs further investigation. References 1. McFarlin DE, McFarland HF: Multiple sclerosis . N Engl J Med 1982;307:1246-1251.Crossref 2. Waksman B: Mechanisms in multiple sclerosis . Nature 1985;318:104-105.Crossref 3. Iivanainen MV: The significance of abnormal immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis . J Neuroimmunol 1981;1:141-172.Crossref 4. Norrby E, Gollmar Y: Appearance and persistence of antibodies against different virus components after regular measles infections . Infect Immun 1972;6:240-247. 5. Salmi AA, Norrby E, Panelius M: Identification of different measles virus-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis . Infect Immun 1972;6:248-254. 6. Shirodaria PV, Fraser KB, Armstrong MA, et al: Measles virus-specific antibodies and immunoglobulin M antiglobulin in sera from multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis patients . Infect Immun 1979;25:408-416. 7. Sumaya CV, Myers LW, Ellison GW: Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in multiple sclerosis . Arch Neurol 1980;37:94-96.Crossref 8. Larsen PD, Bloomer LC, Bray PF: Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and viral capsid antigen antibody titers in multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1985;35:435-438.Crossref 9. Bray PF, Bloomer LC, Salmon VC, et al: Epstein-Barr virus infection and antibody synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis . Arch Neurol 1983;40:406-408.Crossref 10. Sumaya CV, Myers LW, Ellison GW, et al: Increased prevalence and titer of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis . Ann Neurol 1985;17:371-377.Crossref 11. Craig JC, Hawkins SA, Swallow MW, et al: Subsets of T lymphocytes in relation to T lymphocyte function in multiple sclerosis . Clin Exp Immunol 1985;61:548-555. 12. Shirodaria PV, McMillan SA, Callender ME, et al: Antibodies specific for measles virus envelope antigens and autoantibodies in patients with chronic active hepatitis . J Clin Pathol 1985;38:1281-1288.Crossref 13. Elson CJ, Crawford DH, Bucknall RC, et al: Infection with EB virus and rheumatoid arthritis . Lancet 1979;1:105.Crossref 14. Gaston JSH, Rickinson AB, Epstein MA: Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients . Rheumatol Int 1982;2:155-159.Crossref 15. Alspaugh MA, Henle G, Lennette ET, et al: Elevated levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens in sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis . J Clin Invest 1981;67:1134-1140.Crossref 16. Ferrell TB, Tipton C, Pearson GR, et al: Sero-epidemiological study of relationships between Epstein-Barr virus and rheumatoid arthritis . J Clin Invest 1981;67:681-687.Crossref 17. Tosato G, Steinberg AD, Blaese RM: Defective EBV-specific suppressor T-cell function in rheumatoid arthritis . N Engl J Med 1981;305:1238-1243.Crossref 18. Waksman BH, Reynolds WE: Multiple sclerosis as a disease of immune regulation . Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1984;175:282-294.Crossref 19. Allison RS, Millar JHD: Prevalence and familial incidence of disseminated sclerosis in Northern Ireland . Ulster Med J 1954;23( (suppl 2) ):1-92. 20. Leibowitz U, Alter M: Multiple Sclerosis: Clues to Its Cause . Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing Co, 1973. 21. Ropes MW, Bennett GA, Cobb S, et al: 1958 revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis . Arthritis Rheum 1959;2:16-20.Crossref 22. Fraser KB, Gharpure M, Shirodaria PV, et al: Distribution and relationships of antigens of measles virus membrane complex in the infected cell and the nature of the haemolysin antigen , in Mahy BMJ, Barry RD (eds): Negative Strand Viruses and the Host Cell . Orlando, Fla, Academic Press Inc, 1978, pp 771-780. 23. Henle G, Henle W: Immunofluorescence in cells derived from Burkitt's lymphoma . J Bacteriol 1966;91:1248-1256. 24. Reedman BM, Klein G: Cellular localization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated complement-fixing antigen in producer and nonproducer lymphoblastoid cell lines . Int J Cancer 1973;11:599-620.Crossref 25. Grist NR, Bell EJ, Follett ESC, et al: Diagnostic Methods in Clinical Virology , ed 3. Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc, 1979, pp 116-128. 26. Kalliomaki NL, Halonen P, Salmi A: Virus antibodies in serum and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases Ann Rheum Dis 1975;34:43-47.Crossref 27. Stroop WG, Beringer JR: Persistent, slow and latent viral infections . Prog Med Virol 1982;28:1-32. 28. Henle W, Henle G: Seroepidemiology of the virus in Epstein MA, Achone BG (eds): The Epstein-Barr Virus . New York, Springer-Verlag NY Inc, 1979, pp 61-78. 29. Hall WW, Chopin PW: Failure to detect measles virus proteins in brain tissue of patients with multiple sclerosis . Lancet 1982;1:957.Crossref 30. Norval M, Smith C: Search for viral nucleic sequences in rheumatoid cells . Ann Rheum Dis 1979;38:456-462.Crossref 31. Fraser KB, Haire M, Millar JHD, et al: Increased tendency to spontaneous in vitro lymphocyte transformation in clincally active multiple sclerosis . Lancet 1979;1:715-717.Crossref 32. Yao Qy, Rickinson AB, Gaston JSH, et al: Disturbance of the Epstein-Barr virus-host balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients: A quantitative study . Clin Exp Immunol 1986;64:302-310. 33. Stewart GJ, Basten A, Guinan J, et al: HLA-DW2 viral immunity and family studies in multiple sclerosis . J Neurol Sci 1977;32:153-167.Crossref 34. Sever JL, Terasaki PI, Park MS, et al: Measles antibody titers in multiple sclerosis patients and HLA-matched and unmatched siblings . Neurology 1981;31:1142-1144.Crossref 35. Salmi A, Reunanen M, Ilonen J, et al: Intrathecal antibody synthesis to virus antigens in multiple sclerosis . Clin Exp Immunol 1983;52:241-249. 36. Woyciechowska JL, Dambrozia J, Leinikki P, et al: Viral antibodies intwins with multiple sclerosis . Neurology 1985;35:1176-1180.Crossref 37. Fujinami RS, Oldstone MBA, Wroblewska Z, et al: Molecular mimicry in virus infection: Cross-reaction of measles virus phosphoprotein or of herpes simplex virus protein with human intermediate filaments . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:2346-2350.Crossref 38. Dales S, Fujinami RS, Oldstone MBA: Infection with vaccinia favors the selection of hybridomas synthesizing autoantibodies against intermediate filaments, one of them cross-reacting with the virus hemagglutinin . J Immunol 1983;131:1546-1553. 39. Goswami KKA, Morris RJ, Rastogi SC, et al: A neutralising monoclonal antibody against a paramyxovirus reacts with a brain antigen . J Neuroimmunol 1985;9:99-108.Crossref 40. Garzelli C, Taub FE, Scharff JE, et al: Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes produce monoclonal autoantibodies that react with antigens in multiple organs . J Virol 1984;52:722-725. 41. Jahnke U, Fischer EH, Alvord EC: Sequence homology between certain viral proteins and proteins related to encephalomyelitis and neuritis , Science 1985;229:284.Crossref 42. Laitinen O, Vaheri A: Very high measles and rubella virus antibody titres associated with hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and infectious mononucleosis . Lancet 1974;1:194-198.Crossref 43. Cremer NE, Johnson KP, Fein G, et al: Comprehensive viral immunology of multiple sclerosis: II. Analysis of serum and CSF antibodies by standard serological methods . Arch Neurol 1980;37:610-615.Crossref 44. Veys EM, Hermanns P, Goldstein G, et al: Determination of T lymphocyte subpopulations by monoclonal antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of immunomodulating agents . Int J Immunopharmacol 1981;3:313-319.Crossref 45. Duke O, Panayi GS, Janossy G, et al: Analysis of T subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of monoclonal antibodies . Ann Rheum Dis 1983;42;357-361.Crossref 46. Goust JM, Hoffman PM, Pryjma J, et al: Defective immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis . Ann Neurol 1980;8:526-533.Crossref 47. Sakane T, Takada S, Murakawa Y, et al: Analysis of suppressor T cell function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Defects in production of and responsiveness to concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cells . J Immunol 1982;129:1972-1977. 48. Merrill JE, Nohlstrom C, Uittenbogaart C, et al: Response to and production of interleukin 2 by peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis . J Immunol 1984;133:1931-1937. 49. Miyasaka N, Nakamura T, Russell IJ, et al: Interleukin 2 deficiencies in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus . Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1984;31:109-117.Crossref 50. Vervliet G, Claeys H, Van Haver H, et al: Interferon production and natural killer activity in leucocyte cultures from multiple sclerosis patients . J Neurol Sci 1983;60:137-150.Crossref 51. Hasler F, Bluestein HG, Zvaifler NJ, et al: Analysis of the defects responsible for the impaired regularion of Epstein-Barr virus-induced B cell proliferation by rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes: I. Diminished gamma interferon production in response to autologous stimulation . J Exp Med 1983;157:173-188.Crossref 52. Dore-Duffy P: Prostaglandins in multiple sclerosis, abstracted . J Neuroimmunol 1982;2( (suppl 1) ):S23. 53. Seitz M, Deiman N, Gram N, et al: Characterization of blood mononuclear cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients: I. Depressed lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced prostanoid release from monocytes . Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1982;25:405-416.Crossref

Journal

Archives of NeurologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1987

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