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W. Vise, F. Schuier, K. Hossmann, S. Takagi, K. Zülch (1977)
Cerebral microembolization. I. Pathophysiological studies.Archives of neurology, 34 11
Landau Wm, Frey Wh, Roland Lp, L. Sokoloff, Kety Ss (1955)
The local circulation of the living brain; values in the unanesthetized and anesthetized cat.Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 80th Meeting
Wisniewski H Klatzo I (1967)
Brain Edema
Story HE Davis DD (1943)
The carotid circulation in the domestic cat. Zoological SeriesField Museum of Natural History, 28
R. Weber, M. Furuse, Mario Brock, Hermann Dietz (1974)
The Single Dye Passage. A New Technique for the Study of Cerebral Blood Flow DistributionStroke, 5
L. Bakay, Ikram Haque (1964)
MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES IN CEREBRAL EDEMA: I. Cold Induced EdemaJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 23
Y. Kamijyo, Julio Garcia (1975)
Carotid Arterial Supply of the Feline Brain: Applications to the Study of Regional Cerebral IschemiaStroke, 6
A. Hirano, H. Zimmerman, S. Levine (1965)
FINE STRUCTURE OF CEREBRAL FLUID ACCUMULATION. VI. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATION OF FLUID AND CRYPTOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE IN OLIGODENDROGLIA.Archives of neurology, 12
Garcia JH Kamijyo Y (1975)
Carotid arterial supply of the feline brainStroke, 6
Kennady Jc, Taplin Gv (1967)
Shunting in cerebral microcirculation.American Surgeon, 33
W. Penfield, W. Cone (1926)
ACUTE SWELLING OF OLIGODENDROGLIA: A SPECIFIC TYPE OF NEUROGLIA CHANGEJournal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 16
B. Siegel, R. Meidinger, A. Elliott, R. Studer, C. Curtis, J. Morgan, E. Potchen (1972)
Experimental cerebral microembolism. Multiple tracer assessment of brain edema.Archives of neurology, 26 1
Cone W Penfield W (1926)
Acute swelling of ologodendroglia. A specific type of neuroglia changeArch Neurol Psychiatry, 16
Grynfeltt E (1923)
Mucocytes et leurs signification dans le processus d'inflammation chronique des centres c�r�brospinauxC R Soc Biol, 89
Klatzo I (1972)
Steroids and Brain Edema
K. Zülch (1967)
Neuropathological Aspects and Histological Criteria of Brain Edema and Brain Swelling
Tzonos T Schröder JM (1967)
Zur Manifestationszeit und Chronologie der Hirngewebsver�nderungen bei experimentell-embolischen MikroinfarktenDtsch Z Nervenheilk, 192
T. Broman, P. Branemark, B. Johansson, O. Steinwall (1966)
INTRAVITAL AND POSTMORTEM STUDIES ON AIR EMBOLISM DAMAGE OF THE BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER TESTED WITH TRYPAN BLUEActa Neurologica Scandinavica, 42
C. Bertrand (1952)
DIFFUSION AND ABSORPTION WITHIN THE BRAIN: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH PRUSSIAN BLUE AND INDIA INK IN RABBITS AND CATSJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 11
J. Greenfield (1939)
THE HISTOLOGY OF CEKEBRAL ÆDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH INTRACRANIAL TUMOURS (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHANGES IN THE NERVE FIBRES OF THE CENTRUM OVALE)Brain, 62
W. Vise, L. Liss, D. Yashon, W. Hunt (1975)
ASTROCYTIC PROCESSES: A ROUTE BETWEEN VESSELS AND NEURONS FOLLOWING BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER INJURYJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 34
P. Benda, G. Brownell (1960)
THE FATE OF RADIOACTIVE EMBOLI INJECTED INTO THE CEREBRAL CIRCULATION, THE BRAIN AS A FILTERJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 19
A. Steegmann,, J. Fuente (1959)
EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL EMBOLISM: II. MICROEMBOLISM OF THE RABBIT BRAIN WITH SERAN POLYMER RESINJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 18
Go KG Ito U (1976)
Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils: III. Behaviour of the blood-brain barrierActa Neuropathol, 34
Furuse M Brock M (1974)
Pathology of Cerebral Microcirculation
M. Brightman, I. Klatzo, Y. Olsson, Th. Reese (1970)
The blood-brain barrier to proteins under normal and pathological conditions.Journal of the neurological sciences, 10 3
G. Perret, J. Kernohan (1943)
HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHANGES OF THE BRAIN CAUSED BY INTRACRANIAL TUMORS (SO‐CALLED EDEMA OR SWELLING OF THE BRAIN)Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 2
K. Hossmann, Y. Olsson (2004)
Influence of ischemia on the passage of protein tracers across capillaries in certain blood-brain barrier injuriesActa Neuropathologica, 18
K. Go, E. Ebels, J. Beks, C. Weeme (1967)
The spreading of cerebral edema from a cold injury in cats.Psychiatria, neurologia, neurochirurgia, 70 5
I. Feigin, N. Popoff (1962)
Neuropathological observations on cerebral edema. The acute phase.Archives of neurology, 6
P. Prosenz (1972)
Investigations on the filter capacity of the dog's brain. A contribution to the question of cerebral arteriovenous shunts.Archives of neurology, 26 6
J. Schröder, T. Tzonos (1967)
Zur Manifestationszeit und Chronologie der Hirngewebsveränderungen bei experimentell-embolischen MikroinfarktenDeutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde, 192
J. Lee, J. Olszewski (1959)
Effect of air embolism on permeability of cerebral blood vesselsNeurology, 9
J. Meyer, F. Gotoh, Y. Tazaki (1962)
CIRCULATION AND METABOLISM FOLLOWING EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL EMBOLISMJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 21
R. Swank, R. Hain (1952)
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SIZED EMBOLI ON THE VASULAR SYSTEM AND PARENCHYMA OF THE BRAINJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 11
R. Russell (1966)
A study of the microcirculation in experimental cerebral embolism.Angiologica, 3 4
K. Zülch, T. Tzonos (1965)
Transudation phenomena at the deep veins after blockage of arterioles and capillaries by micro-emboli.Bibliotheca anatomica, 7
A. Alm (1975)
Radioactively labelled microspheres in regional cerebral blood flow determinations. A study on monkeys with 15 and 35 mum spheres.Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 95 1
K. Zülch, T. Tzonos (2004)
Transsudationsphänomene an den tiefen Hirnvenen nach Blockade von Arteriolen oder Kapillaren der Rinde durch MikroembolienNaturwissenschaften, 51
U. Ito, K. Go, Walker Jt, M. Spatz, I. Klatzo (1976)
Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbilsActa Neuropathologica, 34
O. Steinwall, I. Klatzo (1966)
SELECTIVE VULNERABILITY OF THE BLOOD‐BRAIN BARRIER IN CHEMICALLY INDUCED LESIONSJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 25
I. Klatzo, H. Wiśniewski, O. Steinwall, E. Streicher (1967)
Dynamics of Cold Injury Edema
Abstract • Cats underwent massive microembolization via carotid infusion of 10.5 million microspheres (15 ± 5μ in diameter), resulting in brain death within four hours; 87.4 μ 10.2% of emboli reaching the brain were in the ipsilateral hemisphere; 87.9 μ 4.4% were in the grey matter; and 12.1 μ 4.4% were in the white matter. Evans blue and sodium fluorescein dyes were given intravascularly before and at different times after embolization. Fluorescence microscopy disclosed that embolization initially provoked a hyperemic engorgement of both the embolized and nonembolized hemispheres. Multifocal, blood-brain barrier extravasations occurred throughout the ipsilateral cortex and oral basal ganglia. Severe vasogenic brain edema ensued, with migration of extravasations from cortex into the white matter, which initially showed only minimal injury. Migration and accumulation of edema in white matter, with subsequent uptake and swelling of neuroglia and axons, may be related to secondary white matter damage following cortical embolic lesions. Degenerative foci developed throughout the embolized cortex over the one- to fourhour period of this study. These sites may correspond to those areas in which hyperemia and damage to the blood-brain barrier was present shortly after embolization. References 1. Vise WM, Schuier FJ, Hossmann KA, et al: Cerebral microembolization: I. Physiological studies . Arch Neurol 34:660-665, 1977.Crossref 2. Zülch KJ, Tzonos T: Transudationsphänomene an den tiefen Hirnvenen nach Blockade von Arteriolen oder Kapillaren der Rinde durch Mikroembolien . Die Naturwissenschaften 51:539-540, 1964.Crossref 3. Zülch KJ, Tzonos T: Transudation phenomena at the deep veins after blockage of arterioles and capillaries by micro-emboli . Bibl Anat 7:279-284, 1965. 4. Swank RL, Hain RF: The effect of different sized emboli on the vascular system and parenchyma of the brain . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 11:280-299, 1952.Crossref 5. Steegmann AT, dela Fuente J: Experimental cerebral embolism: II. Microembolism of the rabbit brain with seran polymer resin . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 18:537-558, 1959.Crossref 6. Zülch KJ: Neuropathological aspects and histological criteria of brain edema and brain swelling , in Klatzo I, Seitelberger F (eds): Brain Edema . New York, Springer Publishing Co, 1967, pp 95-116. 7. Weber R, Furuse M, Brock M, et al: The single dye passage: A new technique for the study of cerebral blood flow distribution . Stroke 5:247-251, 1974.Crossref 8. Brock M, Furuse M, Weber R, et al: Changes in intracranial blood flow distribution following circumscribed hemispheric lesions as studied by the "single dye passage" technique , in Cervós-Navarro J (ed): Pathology of Cerebral Microcirculation . New York, Walter de Gruyter Publishing, 1974, pp 342-353. 9. Vise WM, Liss L, Yashon D, et al: Astrocytic processes: A route between vessels and neurons following blood-brain barrier injury . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 39:324-334, 1975.Crossref 10. Benda P, Brownell GL: The fate of radioactive emboli injected into the cerebral circulation, the brain as a filter . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 19:383-406, 1960.Crossref 11. Schröder JM, Tzonos T: Zur Manifestationszeit und Chronologie der Hirngewebsveränderungen bei experimentell-embolischen Mikroinfarkten . Dtsch Z Nervenheilk 192:69-94, 1967.Crossref 12. Kennady JC, Taplin GV: Shunting in cerebral microcirculation . Am Surg 33:763-771, 1967. 13. Siegel BA, Meidinger R, Elliott AJ, et al: Experimental cerebral microembolism: Multiple tracer assessment of brain edema . Arch Neurol 26:73-77, 1972.Crossref 14. Davis DD, Story HE: The carotid circulation in the domestic cat. Zoological Series , Field Museum of Natural History 28:2-47, 1943. 15. Kamijyo Y, Garcia JH: Carotid arterial supply of the feline brain . Stroke 6:361-369, 1975.Crossref 16. Prosenz P: Investigations on the filter capacity of the dog's brain: A contribution to the question of cerebral arteriovenous shunts . Arch Neurol 26:479-488, 1972.Crossref 17. Landau WM, Freygang WH, Roland LP, et al: The local circulation of the living brain: Values in the unanesthetized and anesthetized cat . Trans Am Neurol Assoc 81:125-129, 1955. 18. Alm A: Radioactively labelled microspheres in regional cerebral blood flow determinations: A study on monkeys with 15 and 35 μ spheres . Acta Physiol Scand 95:60-65, 1975.Crossref 19. Brightman MW, Klatzo I, Olsson Y, et al: The blood-brain barrier to proteins under normal and pathological conditions . J Neurol Sci 10:215-239, 1970.Crossref 20. Meyer JS, Gotoh F, Tazaki Y: Circulation and metabolism following experimental cerebral embolism . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 21:4-24, 1962.Crossref 21. Klatzo I: Pathophysiological aspects of brain edema , in Reulen HJ, Schürmann K (eds): Steroids and Brain Edema . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1972, pp 1-7. 22. Broman T, Branemark PI, Johansson B, et al: Intravital and postmortem studies on air embolism damage of the blood-brain barrier tested with trypan blue . Acta Neurol Scand 42:146-152, 1966.Crossref 23. Russell RWR: A study of the microcirculation in experimental cerebral embolism . Angiologica 3:240-258, 1966. 24. Hossmann KA, Olsson Y: Influence of ischemia on the passage of protein tracers across capillaries in certain blood-brain barrier injuries . Acta Neuropathol 18:113-122, 1971.Crossref 25. Steinwall O, Klatzo I: Selective vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier in chemically induced lesions . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 25:542-559, 1966.Crossref 26. Ito U, Go KG, Walker JT, et al: Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils: III. Behaviour of the blood-brain barrier . Acta Neuropathol 34:1-6, 1976.Crossref 27. Klatzo I, Wisniewski H, Steinwall O, et al: Dynamics of cold injury edema , in Klatzo I, Seitelberger F (eds): Brain Edema . New York, Springer-Verlag, 1967, pp 554-563. 28. Bertrand C: Diffusion and absorption within the brain: An experimental study with Prussian blue and India ink in rabbits and cats . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 11:53-61, 1952.Crossref 29. Lee JC, Olszewski J: Effect of air embolism on permeability of cerebral blood vessels . Neurology 9:619-625, 1959.Crossref 30. Bakay L, Haque IU: Morphological and chemical studies in cerebral edema: I. Cold induced edema . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 23:393-418, 1964.Crossref 31. Go KG, Ebels EJ, Beks JWF, et al: The spreading of cerebral edema from a cold injury in cats . Psychiat Neurol Neurochir 70:403-411, 1967. 32. Grynfeltt E: Mucocytes et leurs signification dans le processus d'inflammation chronique des centres cérébrospinaux . C R Soc Biol 89:1264-1266, 1923. 33. Penfield W, Cone W: Acute swelling of ologodendroglia. A specific type of neuroglia change . Arch Neurol Psychiatry 16:131-153, 1926.Crossref 34. Hirano A, Zimmermann HM, Levine S: Fine structure of cerebral fluid accumulation: VI. Intracellular accumulation of fluid and cryptococcal polysaccharide in oligodendroglia . Arch Neurol 12:189-196, 1965.Crossref 35. Greenfield JG: The histology of cerebral oedema associated with intracranial tumours (with special reference to changes in the nerve fibres of the centrum ovale) . Brain 62:129-152, 1939.Crossref 36. Perret GE, Kernohan JW: Histopathological changes of the brain caused by intracranial tumors (so-called edema or swelling of the brain) . J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2:341-352, 1943.Crossref 37. Feigin I, Popoff N: Neuropathological observations on cerebral edema: The acute phase . Arch Neurol 6:151-160, 1962.Crossref
Archives of Neurology – American Medical Association
Published: May 1, 1978
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