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Roy John (1972)
Switchboard versus statistical theories of learning and memory.Science, 177 4052
Stein L Berger BD (1969)
An analysis of the learning deficits produced by scopolaminePsychopharmacologia, 14
D. Wechsler (1955)
Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
S. Iversen, L. Weiskrantz (1964)
Temporal Lobe Lesions and Memory in the MonkeyNature, 201
R. Duvoisin (1967)
Cholinergic-anticholinergic antagonism in parkinsonism.Archives of neurology, 17 2
J. Barbizet (1970)
Human memory and its pathology
R. Atkinson, R. Shiffrin (1968)
Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes
D. Safer, Richard Allen (1971)
The central effects of scopolamine in man.Biological psychiatry, 3 4
Jenney H Pfeiffer CC (1957)
The inhibition of the conditioned response and the counteraction of schizophrenia by muscarinic stimulation of the brainAnn NY Acad Med, 66
Meyers B (1965)
Some effects of scopolamine on a passive avoidance response in ratsPsychopharmacologia, 8
Meldrum BS (1966)
Aspects of Learning and Memory
Markiewicz B Carlton P (1971)
Pharmacological and Biophysical Agents and Behavior
Eccles JC (1965)
The Anatomy of Memory
J. Deutsch (1971)
The Cholinergic Synapse and the Site of MemoryScience, 174
B. Tomlinson, G. Blessed, M. Roth (1968)
Observations on the brains of non-demented old people.Journal of the neurological sciences, 7 2
Leaton RN (1971)
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology
R. Atkinson, R. Shiffrin (1971)
The control of short-term memory.Scientific American, 225 2
Hughes JR Drachman DA (1971)
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D. Drachman, J. Hughes (1971)
Memory and the hippocampal complexesNeurology, 21
Weiskrantz L (1971)
Cognitive Processes of Nonhuman Primates
P. Lewis, C. Shute (1967)
The cholinergic limbic system: projections to hippocampal formation, medial cortex, nuclei of the ascending cholinergic reticular system, and the subfornical organ and supra-optic crest.Brain : a journal of neurology, 90 3
Koelle GB (1970)
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
W. Penfield, B. Milner (1958)
Memory deficit produced by bilateral lesions in the hippocampal zone.A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry, 79 5
T. Crow, I. Grove-White, G. Kelman (1971)
Differential effect of atropine and hyoscine on human learning capacity.British journal of pharmacology, 43 2
W. Kintsch (1970)
Learning, memory, and conceptual processes
J. Hrbek, S. Komenda, J. Mačáková, A. Široka (1970)
On the acute effect of scopolamine and physostigmine on verbal associations.Activitas nervosa superior, 12 3
L. Chiappetta, M. Jarvik (1969)
Comparison of learning impairment and activity depression produced by two classes of cholinergic blocking agents.Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 179 1
E. Domino, G. Corssen (1967)
Central and peripheral effects of muscarinic cholinergic blocking agents in man.Anesthesiology, 28 3
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P. Carlton, B. Markiewicz (1971)
7 – Behavioral Effects of Atropine and Scopolamine1
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Neurological disorders of memory.British medical bulletin, 27 3
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Electroencephalographic patterns of the temporal region in normal adultsNeurology, 14
J. Deutsch, K. Rocklin (1972)
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L. Weiskrantz (1971)
CHAPTER 2 – Comparison of Amnesic States in Monkey and Man
Grossman Sp (1972)
Cholinergic synapses in the limbic system and behavioral inhibition.Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 50
J. Hrbek, S. Komenda, A. Široka, J. Mačáková (1971)
Effect of physostigmine on the inhibitory action of scopolamine in man.Activitas nervosa superior, 13 3
J. Dundee, S. Pandit (1972)
Anterograde amnesic effects of pethidine, hyoscine and diazepam in adultsBritish Journal of Pharmacology, 44
Z. Bohdanecký, M. Jarvik (1967)
The effect of D-amphetamine and physostigmine upon acquisition and retrieval in a single trial learning task.Archives internationales de pharmacodynamie et de therapie, 170 1
A. Ostfeld, A. Aruguete (1962)
Central nervous system effects of hyoscine in man.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 137
Lisham WA Whitty CWM (1966)
Amnesia
K. Pribram, D. Broadbent (1970)
Biology of memory
R. Ojemann (1966)
Correlations between specific human brain lesions and memory changes
Shiffrin RM Atkinson RC (1968)
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory, 2
C. Shute, P. Lewis (1967)
The ascending cholinergic reticular system: neocortical, olfactory and subcortical projections.Brain : a journal of neurology, 90 3
Milner B Penfield W (1958)
Memory deficit produced by bilateral lesions in the hippocampal zoneArch Neurol Psychiatry, 79
W. Wickelgren (1968)
Sparing of short-term memory in an amnesic patient: Implications for strength theory of memoryNeuropsychologia, 6
C. Pfeiffer, E. Jenney (1957)
THE INHIBITION OF THE CONDITIONED RESPONSE AND THE COUNTERACTION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA BY MUSCARINIC STIMULATION OF THE BRAINAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 66
M. Hamburg (1967)
Retrograde Amnesia Produced by Intraperitoneal Injection of PhysostigmineScience, 156
D. Drachman, M. Zaks (1967)
The “Memory Cliff” beyond Span in Immediate RecallPsychological Reports, 21
Milner B (1967)
Brain Mechanisms Underlying Speech and Language
David Drachman, Janet Leavitt (1972)
Memory impairment in the aged: storage versus retrieval deficit.Journal of experimental psychology, 93 2
W. Scoville, B. Milner (1957)
LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONSJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 20
C. Reinfro, P. Freedman, A. Rosen (1972)
The concurrent effects of scopolamine on spontaneous motor activity and the acquisition of an active avoidance response.Neuropharmacology, 11 3
D. Drachman, A. Ommaya (1964)
MEMORY AND THE HIPPOCAMPAL COMPLEX.Archives of neurology, 10
Murphy Dl (1972)
L-dopa, behavioral activation and psychopathology.Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, 50
Lashley KS (1929)
Brain Mechanisms and Intelligence
Adams RD Victor M (1971)
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Karczmar Ag (1969)
Is the central cholinergic nervous system overexploited, 28
Abstract The relationship of the cholinergic system of the brain to memory and cognitive functions was studied in human subjects by the use of scopolamine, methscopolamine bromide, and physostigmine. A battery of tests evaluated immediate memory span, memory storage (acquisition), and retrieval, as well as nonmemory cognitive ability. Subjects receiving scopolamine showed impairment of memory storage and possibly retrieval despite normal immediate memory span; nonmemory cognitive functions were also impaired. Neither methscopolamine (a peripherally acting scopolamine analogue) nor physostigmine (a centrally acting anticholinesterase agent) produced any significant changes in memory or other cognitive functions. Comparisons of the memory and cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine with the performance of aged subjects revealed a marked similarity of pattern. 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Archives of Neurology – American Medical Association
Published: Feb 1, 1974
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