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Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses to Experimental Cerebral Emboli

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses to Experimental Cerebral Emboli Abstract In previous experiments19 induced cerebral embolism in animals resulted in marked fluctuations in arterial and venous pressure and respiratory rate. Death often occurred within a few minutes after the injection of emboli. The experiments discussed in this paper were designed to determine the extent of these circulatory and respiratory changes and to explain the cause of sudden death. Embolic material was injected into the internal carotid artery of dogs while the electrocardiogram (ECG), respirations, and arterial, venous, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures were continuously recorded. A primary effect on respiration was noted in each experiment, with secondary effects on the vascular and CSF pressures and the ECG. Materials and Methods Seventeen stock dogs were used, ranging from 11 to 26 kg. They were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital sodium without premedication. The barbiturate was given in a dose of 30 mg. per kilogram of body weight.Three Sanborn transducers and References 1. Aring, C. D., and Merritt, H. H.: Differential Diagnosis Between Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Thrombosis, Clinical and Pathologic Study of 245 Cases , Arch. Int. Med. 56:435-456, 1935.Crossref 2. Bailey, P., and Bremer, F.: A Sensory Cortical Representation of the Vagus Nerve, with Note on Effects of Low Blood Pressure on Cortical Electrogram , J. Neurophysiol. 1:405-412, 1938. 3. Bailey, P., and Sweet, W. H.: Effects on Respiration, Blood Pressure and Gastric Motility of Stimulation of Orbital Surface of Frontal Lobe , J. Neurophysiol. 3:276-281, 1940. 4. Bucy, P. C., and Case, T. J.: Cortical Innervation of Respiratory Movements: I. Slowing of Respiratory Movements by Cerebral Stimulation , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 84:156-168, 1936. 5. de la Torre, E.; Netsky, M. G., and Meschan, I.: Intracranial and Extracranial Circulations in the Dog, in preparation. 6. Rodriquez Delgado, J. M.: Report on Respiratory Centers of Frontal Lobes , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1947) 27:433-437, 1948. 7. Kremer, W. F.: Autonomic and Somatic Reactions Induced by Stimulation of the Cingular Gyrus in Dogs , J. Neurophysiol. 10:371-379, 1947. 8. Lepíne: Communication to Société de biologie on July 3, 1875 , Compt. rend. Soc. biol. , p. 280, 1875. 9. Liljestrand, Å: Neural Control of Respiration , Physiol. Rev. 38:691-708, 1958. 10. Livingston, R. B.; Chapman, W. P.; Livingston, K. E., and Kraintz, L.: Stimulation of Orbital Surface of Man Prior to Frontal Lobotomy , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1947) 27:421-432, 1948. 11. Livingston, R. B.; Fulton, J. F.; Rodriquez Delgado, J. M.; Sachs, E., Jr.; Brendler, S. J., and Davis, G. D.: Stimulation and Regional Ablation of Orbital Surface of Frontal Lobe , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1947) 27:405-420. 1948. 12. Magoun, H. W.: Excitability of the Hypothalamus After Degeneration of Corticofugal Connections from the Frontal Lobes , Am. J. Physiol. 122:530-532, 1938. 13. Malamud, N., and Boyd, D. A., Jr.: Sudden "Brain Death" in Schizophrenia with Extensive Lesions in the Cerebral Cortex , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 41:352-364, 1939. 14. Pool, J. L., and Ransohoff, J.: Autonomic Effects on Stimulating Rostral Portion of Cingulate Gyri in Man , J. Neurophysiol. 12:385-392, 1949. 15. Smith, W. K.: The Functional Significance of the Rostral Cingular Cortex as Revealed by Its Responses to Electrical Excitation , J. Neurophysiol. 8:241-255, 1945. 16. Smith, W. K.: The Representation of Respiratory Movements in the Cerebral Cortex , J. Neurophysiol. 1:55-68, 1938. 17. Spencer, W. G.: The Effect Produced upon Respiration by Faradic Excitation of the Cerebrum in the Monkey, Dog, Cat, and Rabbit , Philos. Tr. B185:609-657, 1894. 18. Swank, R. L., and Hain, R. F.: The Effect of Different Sized Emboli on the Vascular System and Parenchyma of the Brain , J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 11:280-299, 1952. 19. Unpublished observations. 20. Villaret, M., and Cachera, R.: Les embolies cérébrales: Études de pathologie expérimentale sur les embolies solide a gazeuse du cerveau , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1939. 21. Wells, C. E.: Cerebral Embolism, The Natural History, Prognostic Signs, and Effects of Anticoagulation , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 81:667-677, 1959. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Neurology American Medical Association

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses to Experimental Cerebral Emboli

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References (25)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1960 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0375-8540
DOI
10.1001/archneur.1960.03840110070009
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract In previous experiments19 induced cerebral embolism in animals resulted in marked fluctuations in arterial and venous pressure and respiratory rate. Death often occurred within a few minutes after the injection of emboli. The experiments discussed in this paper were designed to determine the extent of these circulatory and respiratory changes and to explain the cause of sudden death. Embolic material was injected into the internal carotid artery of dogs while the electrocardiogram (ECG), respirations, and arterial, venous, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures were continuously recorded. A primary effect on respiration was noted in each experiment, with secondary effects on the vascular and CSF pressures and the ECG. Materials and Methods Seventeen stock dogs were used, ranging from 11 to 26 kg. They were anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital sodium without premedication. The barbiturate was given in a dose of 30 mg. per kilogram of body weight.Three Sanborn transducers and References 1. Aring, C. D., and Merritt, H. H.: Differential Diagnosis Between Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Thrombosis, Clinical and Pathologic Study of 245 Cases , Arch. Int. Med. 56:435-456, 1935.Crossref 2. Bailey, P., and Bremer, F.: A Sensory Cortical Representation of the Vagus Nerve, with Note on Effects of Low Blood Pressure on Cortical Electrogram , J. Neurophysiol. 1:405-412, 1938. 3. Bailey, P., and Sweet, W. H.: Effects on Respiration, Blood Pressure and Gastric Motility of Stimulation of Orbital Surface of Frontal Lobe , J. Neurophysiol. 3:276-281, 1940. 4. Bucy, P. C., and Case, T. J.: Cortical Innervation of Respiratory Movements: I. Slowing of Respiratory Movements by Cerebral Stimulation , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 84:156-168, 1936. 5. de la Torre, E.; Netsky, M. G., and Meschan, I.: Intracranial and Extracranial Circulations in the Dog, in preparation. 6. Rodriquez Delgado, J. M.: Report on Respiratory Centers of Frontal Lobes , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1947) 27:433-437, 1948. 7. Kremer, W. F.: Autonomic and Somatic Reactions Induced by Stimulation of the Cingular Gyrus in Dogs , J. Neurophysiol. 10:371-379, 1947. 8. Lepíne: Communication to Société de biologie on July 3, 1875 , Compt. rend. Soc. biol. , p. 280, 1875. 9. Liljestrand, Å: Neural Control of Respiration , Physiol. Rev. 38:691-708, 1958. 10. Livingston, R. B.; Chapman, W. P.; Livingston, K. E., and Kraintz, L.: Stimulation of Orbital Surface of Man Prior to Frontal Lobotomy , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1947) 27:421-432, 1948. 11. Livingston, R. B.; Fulton, J. F.; Rodriquez Delgado, J. M.; Sachs, E., Jr.; Brendler, S. J., and Davis, G. D.: Stimulation and Regional Ablation of Orbital Surface of Frontal Lobe , A. Res. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1947) 27:405-420. 1948. 12. Magoun, H. W.: Excitability of the Hypothalamus After Degeneration of Corticofugal Connections from the Frontal Lobes , Am. J. Physiol. 122:530-532, 1938. 13. Malamud, N., and Boyd, D. A., Jr.: Sudden "Brain Death" in Schizophrenia with Extensive Lesions in the Cerebral Cortex , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 41:352-364, 1939. 14. Pool, J. L., and Ransohoff, J.: Autonomic Effects on Stimulating Rostral Portion of Cingulate Gyri in Man , J. Neurophysiol. 12:385-392, 1949. 15. Smith, W. K.: The Functional Significance of the Rostral Cingular Cortex as Revealed by Its Responses to Electrical Excitation , J. Neurophysiol. 8:241-255, 1945. 16. Smith, W. K.: The Representation of Respiratory Movements in the Cerebral Cortex , J. Neurophysiol. 1:55-68, 1938. 17. Spencer, W. G.: The Effect Produced upon Respiration by Faradic Excitation of the Cerebrum in the Monkey, Dog, Cat, and Rabbit , Philos. Tr. B185:609-657, 1894. 18. Swank, R. L., and Hain, R. F.: The Effect of Different Sized Emboli on the Vascular System and Parenchyma of the Brain , J. Neuropath. & Exper. Neurol. 11:280-299, 1952. 19. Unpublished observations. 20. Villaret, M., and Cachera, R.: Les embolies cérébrales: Études de pathologie expérimentale sur les embolies solide a gazeuse du cerveau , Paris, Masson & Cie, 1939. 21. Wells, C. E.: Cerebral Embolism, The Natural History, Prognostic Signs, and Effects of Anticoagulation , A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 81:667-677, 1959.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of NeurologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1960

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