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M. Paterson, T. Wade-evans, D. Sturdee, M. Thom, J. Studd (1980)
Endometrial disease after treatment with oestrogens and progestogens in the climacteric.British Medical Journal, 280
Adami HO Persson IR (1986)
The risk of endometrial neoplasia and treatment with estrogens and estrogen-progestogen combinationsActa Obstet Gynecol Scand., 65
B. Riis, K. Thomsen, C. Christiansen (1987)
Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss? A double-blind, controlled clinical study.The New England journal of medicine, 316 4
Hart DM Lindsay R (1976)
Long-term prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogenLancet., 1
C. Christiansen, M. Christensen, N. Larsen, I. Transbøl (1982)
Pathophysiological mechanisms of estrogen effect on bone metabolism. Dose-response relationships in early postmenopausal women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 55 6
J. Aitken, D. Hart, R. Lindsay (1973)
Oestrogen Replacement Therapy for Prevention of Osteoporosis after OophorectomyBritish Medical Journal, 3
I. Persson, H. Adami, G. Eklund, E. Johansson, B. Lindberg, A. Lindgren (1986)
The Risk of Endometrial Neoplasia and Treatment with Estrogens and Estrogen ‐ Progestogen Combinations: First results of a cohort study after one to four completed years of observationActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 65
R. Lindsay, Hart Dm, Clark Dm (1984)
The Minimum Effective Dose of Estrogen for Prevention of Postmenopausal Bone LossObstetrics & Gynecology, 63
Cann CE Genant HK (1982)
Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: a sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomyAnn Intern Med., 97
Golimbu C Firooznia H (1987)
Osteoporosis Update 1987
Hart DM Lindsay R (1978)
Bone response to termination of estrogen treatmentLancet., 1
P. Steiger, J. Block, S. Steiger, A. Heuck, A. Friedlander, B. Ettinger, S. Harris, C. Glüer, H. Genant (1990)
Spinal bone mineral density measured with quantitative CT: effect of region of interest, vertebral level, and technique.Radiology, 175 2
H. Genant, C. Cann, B. Ettinger, G. Gordan (1982)
Quantitative Computed Tomography of Vertebral Spongiosa: A Sensitive Method for Detecting Early Bone Loss After OophorectomyClinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, &NA;
C. Christiansen, M. Christensen, P. Mcnair, C. Hagen, K. Stocklund, I. Transbøl (1971)
Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss: controlled 2‐year study in 315 normal femalesEuropean Journal of Clinical Investigation, 10
A. Lagrelius (1981)
TREATMENT WITH ORAL ESTRONE SULPHATE IN THE FEMALE CLIMACTERICActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 60
A. Horsman, Mary Jones, R. Francis, C. Nordin (1983)
The Effect of Estrogen Dose on Postmenopausal Bone LossThe New England Journal of Medicine, 309
Thomsen K Riis B (1987)
Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss?N Engl J Med., 316
Hart DM Lindsay R (1980)
Prevention of spinal osteoporosis in oophorectomized womenLancet., 2
R. Pacifici, C. McMurtry, I. Vered, R. Rupich, L. Avioli (1988)
Coherence therapy does not prevent axial bone loss in osteoporotic women: a preliminary comparative study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 66 4
C. Christiansen, M. Christensen, I. Transbøl (1981)
BONE MASS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF OESTROGEN/GESTAGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPYThe Lancet, 317
M. Whitehead (1986)
Prevention of Endometrial AbnormalitiesActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 65
Bauer FH Bradshaw K (1990)
Cyclical estrone sulfate reduces the incidence of withdrawal bleeding in postmenopausal womenClin Res., 38
B. Ettinger, H. Genant, C. Cann (1987)
Postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by treatment with low-dosage estrogen with calcium.Annals of internal medicine, 106 1
Lagrelius A (1981)
Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric, Ill: effects on bone density and on certain biochemical parametersActa Obstet Gynecol Scand., 60
A. Heuck, J. Block, C. Glueer, P. Steiger, H. Genant (1989)
Mild versus definite osteoporosis: Comparison of bone densitometry techniques using different statistical modelsJournal of Bone and Mineral Research, 4
S. Meema, M. Bunker, Meema He (1975)
Preventive effect of estrogen on postmenopausal bone loss.Archives of internal medicine, 135 11
M. Christensen, C. Hagen, C. Christiansen, I. Transbøl (1982)
Dose-response evaluation of cyclic estrogen/gestagen in postmenopausal women: placebo-controlled trial of its gynecologic and metabolic actions.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 144 8
Abstract The effects of cyclical treatment with estrone sulfate (0.3, 0.625, or 1.25 mg), plus calcium carbonate, on spinal trabecular bone density were compared with placebo in 120 postmenopausal women in this 2-year, multicenter, doubleblind study. While the placebo and 0.3-mg treatment groups lost bone density (-3.6% and -5.1%), the 0.625- and 1.25-mg treatment groups experienced no significant change from baseline at 24 months (-0.8% and +0.7%). The 1.25-mg treatment group was significantly different from the placebo group at 12,18, and 24 months. Although the 0.625-mg treatment group was significantly different from the placebo group only at 18 months, the data suggest that 0.625 and 1.25 mg of estrone sulfate had different effects than placebo and 0.3 mg of estrone sulfate and, given with supplemental calcium, are effective doses for the prevention of spinal bone loss. (Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1980-1984) References 1. Riis B, Thomsen K, Christiansen C. Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss? N Engl J Med. 1987;316:173-177.Crossref 2. Christiansen C, Christensen MS, Transbol I. Bone mass in postmenopausal women after withdrawal of estrogen/gestagen replacement therapy . Lancet. 1981;1:459-461.Crossref 3. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Clark DM. The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss . Obstet Gynecol. 1984;63:759-763. 4. Horsman A, Jones M, Francis R, Nordin C. The effect of estrogen dose on postmenopausal bone loss . N Engl J Med. 1983;309:1405-1407.Crossref 5. Genant HK, Cann CE, Ettinger B, Gordan GS. Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: a sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomy . Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:699-705.Crossref 6. Christiansen C, Christensen MS, Larsen NE, Transbol I. Pathophysiological mechanisms of estrogen effect on bone metabolism: dose-response relationships in early postmenopausal women . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982;55:1124-1130.Crossref 7. Lagrelius A. Treatment with oral estrone sulphate in the female climacteric, Ill: effects on bone density and on certain biochemical parameters . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1981;60:481-488.Crossref 8. Christiansen C, Christensen MS, McNair P, Hagen C, Stocklund K, Transbol I. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss: controlled 2-year study in 315 normal females . Eur J Clin Invest. 1980;10:273-279.Crossref 9. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Forrest C, Baird C. Prevention of spinal osteoporosis in oophorectomized women . Lancet. 1980;2:1151-1154.Crossref 10. Lindsay R, Hart DM, MacLean A, Clark AC, Kraszewski A, Garwood J. Bone response to termination of estrogen treatment . Lancet. 1978;1:1325-1327.Crossref 11. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Aitken JM, MacDonald EB, Anderson JB, Clarke AC. Long-term prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen . Lancet. 1976;1:1038-1041.Crossref 12. Meema S, Bunker ML, Meema HE. Preventive effect of estrogen on postmenopausal bone loss . Arch Intern Med. 1975;135:1436-1440.Crossref 13. Aitken JM, Hart DM, Lindsay R. Estrogen replacement therapy for prevention of osteoporosis after oophorectomy . BMJ. 1973;3:515-518.Crossref 14. Christensen MS, Hagen C, Christiansen C. Doseresponse evaluation of cyclic estrogen/gestagen in postmenopausal women: placebo-controlled trial of its gynecologic and metabolic actions . Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982;144:873-879. 15. Heuck AF, Block J, Glueer CC, Steiger P, Genant HK. Mild versus definite osteoporosis: comparison of bone densitometry techniques using different statistical models . J Bone Miner Res. 1989;4:891-900.Crossref 16. Steiger P, Block JE, Steiger S, et al. Spinal bone mineral density measured with quantitative CT: effect of region of interest, vertebral level, and technique . Radiology. 1990;175:537-543.Crossref 17. Ettinger B, Genant HK, Cann CE. Postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by treatment with low-dosage estrogen with calcium . Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:40-45.Crossref 18. Pacifici R, McMurtry C, Vered I, Rupich R, Avioli LV. Coherence therapy does not prevent axial bone loss in osteoporotic women: a preliminary comparative study . J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988;66:747-753.Crossref 19. Firooznia H, Golimbu C, Rafii M, Schwartz MS. QCT assessment of bone density and its relationship to fracture occurrence and fracture incidence . In: Genant HK, ed. Osteoporosis Update 1987 . San Francisco, Calif: Radiology Research & Education Foundation; 1987:103-113. 20. Whitehead MI. Prevention of endometrial abnormalities . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1987;134:81-91. 21. Persson IR, Adami HO, Eklund G, Johansson EDB, Lindberg BS, Lindgren A. The risk of endometrial neoplasia and treatment with estrogens and estrogen-progestogen combinations . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986;65:211-217.Crossref 22. Paterson MEL, Wade-Evans T, Sturdee DW, Thom MH, Studd JWW. Endometrial disease after treatment with oestrogens and progestogens in the climacteric . BMJ. 1980;280:822-824.Crossref 23. Bradshaw K, Bauer FH, Jennings DE, et al. Cyclical estrone sulfate reduces the incidence of withdrawal bleeding in postmenopausal women . Clin Res. 1990;38:526A. Abstract.
Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Oct 1, 1991
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