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The Nature and Course of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction

The Nature and Course of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction Abstract • Two hundred eighty-three patients admitted to cardiac care units for myocardial infarction at two urban teaching hospitals were interviewed 8 to 10 days after infarction and 171 were reinterviewed 3 to 4 months later. Initially, 45% met diagnostic criteria for minor or major depression, including 18% with major depressive syndromes. Depression was not associated with the severity of cardiac illness but was associated with the presence of noncardiac medical illnesses. Three to 4 months after infarction, 33% of patients met criteria for minor or major depression. The large majority of patients who initially met criteria for major but not minor depression showed evidence of depression at 3 months and most patients with major depression had not returned to work by 3 months. Treatment of major depressive syndromes after myocardial infarction may reduce chronicity and disability, while minor depressive syndromes may be similar to normal grief and tend to be self-limited. (Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1785-1789) References 1. Cassem NH, Hackett TP. Psychological aspects of myocardial infarction . Med Clin North Am . 1977;61:711-721. 2. Verwoerdt A, Dovenmuhle R. Heart disease and depression . Geriatrics . 1964;19:856-864. 3. Williams JB, Spitzer R. Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1983;39:1283-1289.Crossref 4. Engel GL. A life setting conducive to illness: the giving up—given in complex . Ann Intern Med . 1968;69:293-300.Crossref 5. Rodin G, Voshart K. Depression in the medically ill: an overview . Am J Psychiatry . 1986;143:696-705. 6. Keller MB, Klerman GL, Lavori PW, Coryell W, Endicott J, Taylor J. Long-term outcome of episodes of major depression . JAMA . 1984;252:788-792.Crossref 7. Kocsis JH, Davis JM, Katz MM, et al. Depressive behavior and hyperactive adrenocortical function . Am J Psychiatry . 1985;142:1291-1298. 8. Schleifer SJ, Keller SE, Meyerson AT, Raskin MJ, Davis KL, Stein M. Lymphocyte function in major depressive disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1984;41:484-486.Crossref 9. EndicottJ, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1978;35:837-844.Crossref 10. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E. Research Diagnostic Criteria: rationale and reliability . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1978;35:773-782.Crossref 11. Kathol R, Petty F. Relationship of depression to medical illness . J Affect Disord . 1981;3:111-121.Crossref 12. Cavanaugh SV, Clark DC, Gibbons RD. Diagnosing depression in the hospitalized medically ill . Psychosomatics . 1983;24:808-815.Crossref 13. Bukberg J, Penman D, Holland J. Depression in hospitalized cancer patients . Psychosom Med . 1984;46:199-212.Crossref 14. Endicott J. Measurement of depression in patients with cancer . Cancer . 1984;53( (suppl) ):2243-2248. 15. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness . Br J Soc Clin Psychol . 1967;6:278-296.Crossref 16. DohrenwendBS, Krasnoff L, Askenasy AR, Dohrenwend BP. Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the PERI Life Events Scale . J Health Soc Behav . 1978;19:205-229.Crossref 17. Pearlin LI, Lieberman MA, Menaghan EG, Mullan JT. The stress process . J Health Soc Behav . 1981;22:337-356.Crossref 18. Haynes SG, Levine S, Scotch N, et al. The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study: I. methods and risk factors . Am J Epidemiol . 1978;107:362-383. 19. Lown B, Wolff M. Approaches to sudden death from coronary heart disease . Circulation . 1971;44:130-142.Crossref 20. Karnofsky DA, Burchenal JH. The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer . In: Macleod CM, ed. Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents . New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 1949:191-205. 21. Hollingshead AB. Four Factor Index of Social Status . New Haven, Conn: Yale University Department of Sociology; 1975. 22. Weissman M, Merikangas K, Boyd J. Epidemiology of affective disorders . In: Michels R, Cavenar JO, eds. Psychiatry . Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1985;60:1-14. 23. Doehrman S. Psycho-social aspects of recovery from coronary heart disease: a review . Soc Sci Med . 1977;11:199-218.Crossref 24. Stern MJ, Pascale L, McLoone JB. Psychosocial adaptation following myocardial infarction . J Chronic Dis . 1975;29:513-526.Crossref 25. Cassem NH, Hackett TP. Psychiatric consultation in a coronary care unit . Ann Intern Med . 1971;75:9-14.Crossref 26. Hackett TP. Depression following myocardial infarction . Psychosomatics . 1985;26:23-28.Crossref 27. Lloyd GG, Cawley RH. Psychiatric morbidity in men one week after first acute myocardial infarction . Br Med J . 1978;2:1453-1454.Crossref 28. Kurosawa H, Shimizu Y, Nishimatsu Y, Hirose S, Takano T. The relationship between mental disorders and physical severities in patients with acute myocardial infarction . Jpn Circ J . 1983;47:723-728.Crossref 29. Cay EL, Vetter N, Philip AE, Dugard P. Psychological status during recovery from an acute heart attack . J Psychosom Res . 1972;16:425-435.Crossref 30. Robins L. Epidemiology: reflections on testing the validity of psychiatric interviews . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1985;42:918-924.Crossref 31. Carney RM, Rich MW, Tevelde A, Saini J, Clark K, Jaffe AS. Major depressive disorder in coronary artery disease . Am J Cardiol . 1987;60:1273-1275.Crossref 32. Moffic H, Paykel ES. Depression in medical inpatients . Br J Psychiatry . 1975;126:346-353.Crossref 33. Eaton WE, Holzer CE, Von Korff M, et al. The design of the epidemiologic catchment area surveys: the control and measurement of error . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1984;41:942-948.Crossref 34. Rosenman RH, Brand RJ, Jenkins D, Friedman M, Straus R, Wurm M. Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study: final follow-up experience of 8½ years . JAMA . 1975;233:872-877.Crossref 35. Dembroski TM, MacDougall JM, Williams RB, Haney TL, Blumenthal JA. Components of type A, hostility, and anger-in: relationship to angiographic findings . Psychosom Med . 1985;47:219-233.Crossref 36. Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Chaudhary BS. Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction . N Engl J Med . 1984;311:552-559.Crossref 37. Weissman MM, Myers JK, Thompson D. Depression and its treatment in a US urban community: 1975-1976 . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1981;38:417-421.Crossref 38. Roberts RE, Vernon SW. Depression in the community: prevalence and treatment . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1982;39:1407-1409.Crossref 39. Myers JK, Weissman MM, Tischler GL, et al. Six month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities: 1980-1982 . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1984;41:959-967.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

The Nature and Course of Depression Following Myocardial Infarction

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References (48)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9926
eISSN
1538-3679
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1989.00390080059014
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • Two hundred eighty-three patients admitted to cardiac care units for myocardial infarction at two urban teaching hospitals were interviewed 8 to 10 days after infarction and 171 were reinterviewed 3 to 4 months later. Initially, 45% met diagnostic criteria for minor or major depression, including 18% with major depressive syndromes. Depression was not associated with the severity of cardiac illness but was associated with the presence of noncardiac medical illnesses. Three to 4 months after infarction, 33% of patients met criteria for minor or major depression. The large majority of patients who initially met criteria for major but not minor depression showed evidence of depression at 3 months and most patients with major depression had not returned to work by 3 months. Treatment of major depressive syndromes after myocardial infarction may reduce chronicity and disability, while minor depressive syndromes may be similar to normal grief and tend to be self-limited. (Arch Intern Med. 1989;149:1785-1789) References 1. Cassem NH, Hackett TP. Psychological aspects of myocardial infarction . Med Clin North Am . 1977;61:711-721. 2. Verwoerdt A, Dovenmuhle R. Heart disease and depression . Geriatrics . 1964;19:856-864. 3. Williams JB, Spitzer R. Research Diagnostic Criteria and DSM-III . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1983;39:1283-1289.Crossref 4. Engel GL. A life setting conducive to illness: the giving up—given in complex . Ann Intern Med . 1968;69:293-300.Crossref 5. Rodin G, Voshart K. Depression in the medically ill: an overview . Am J Psychiatry . 1986;143:696-705. 6. Keller MB, Klerman GL, Lavori PW, Coryell W, Endicott J, Taylor J. Long-term outcome of episodes of major depression . JAMA . 1984;252:788-792.Crossref 7. Kocsis JH, Davis JM, Katz MM, et al. Depressive behavior and hyperactive adrenocortical function . Am J Psychiatry . 1985;142:1291-1298. 8. Schleifer SJ, Keller SE, Meyerson AT, Raskin MJ, Davis KL, Stein M. Lymphocyte function in major depressive disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1984;41:484-486.Crossref 9. EndicottJ, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1978;35:837-844.Crossref 10. Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E. Research Diagnostic Criteria: rationale and reliability . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1978;35:773-782.Crossref 11. Kathol R, Petty F. Relationship of depression to medical illness . J Affect Disord . 1981;3:111-121.Crossref 12. Cavanaugh SV, Clark DC, Gibbons RD. Diagnosing depression in the hospitalized medically ill . Psychosomatics . 1983;24:808-815.Crossref 13. Bukberg J, Penman D, Holland J. Depression in hospitalized cancer patients . Psychosom Med . 1984;46:199-212.Crossref 14. Endicott J. Measurement of depression in patients with cancer . Cancer . 1984;53( (suppl) ):2243-2248. 15. Hamilton M. Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness . Br J Soc Clin Psychol . 1967;6:278-296.Crossref 16. DohrenwendBS, Krasnoff L, Askenasy AR, Dohrenwend BP. Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the PERI Life Events Scale . J Health Soc Behav . 1978;19:205-229.Crossref 17. Pearlin LI, Lieberman MA, Menaghan EG, Mullan JT. The stress process . J Health Soc Behav . 1981;22:337-356.Crossref 18. Haynes SG, Levine S, Scotch N, et al. The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study: I. methods and risk factors . Am J Epidemiol . 1978;107:362-383. 19. Lown B, Wolff M. Approaches to sudden death from coronary heart disease . Circulation . 1971;44:130-142.Crossref 20. Karnofsky DA, Burchenal JH. The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer . In: Macleod CM, ed. Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents . New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 1949:191-205. 21. Hollingshead AB. Four Factor Index of Social Status . New Haven, Conn: Yale University Department of Sociology; 1975. 22. Weissman M, Merikangas K, Boyd J. Epidemiology of affective disorders . In: Michels R, Cavenar JO, eds. Psychiatry . Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1985;60:1-14. 23. Doehrman S. Psycho-social aspects of recovery from coronary heart disease: a review . Soc Sci Med . 1977;11:199-218.Crossref 24. Stern MJ, Pascale L, McLoone JB. Psychosocial adaptation following myocardial infarction . J Chronic Dis . 1975;29:513-526.Crossref 25. Cassem NH, Hackett TP. Psychiatric consultation in a coronary care unit . Ann Intern Med . 1971;75:9-14.Crossref 26. Hackett TP. Depression following myocardial infarction . Psychosomatics . 1985;26:23-28.Crossref 27. Lloyd GG, Cawley RH. Psychiatric morbidity in men one week after first acute myocardial infarction . Br Med J . 1978;2:1453-1454.Crossref 28. Kurosawa H, Shimizu Y, Nishimatsu Y, Hirose S, Takano T. The relationship between mental disorders and physical severities in patients with acute myocardial infarction . Jpn Circ J . 1983;47:723-728.Crossref 29. Cay EL, Vetter N, Philip AE, Dugard P. Psychological status during recovery from an acute heart attack . J Psychosom Res . 1972;16:425-435.Crossref 30. Robins L. Epidemiology: reflections on testing the validity of psychiatric interviews . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1985;42:918-924.Crossref 31. Carney RM, Rich MW, Tevelde A, Saini J, Clark K, Jaffe AS. Major depressive disorder in coronary artery disease . Am J Cardiol . 1987;60:1273-1275.Crossref 32. Moffic H, Paykel ES. Depression in medical inpatients . Br J Psychiatry . 1975;126:346-353.Crossref 33. Eaton WE, Holzer CE, Von Korff M, et al. The design of the epidemiologic catchment area surveys: the control and measurement of error . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1984;41:942-948.Crossref 34. Rosenman RH, Brand RJ, Jenkins D, Friedman M, Straus R, Wurm M. Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study: final follow-up experience of 8½ years . JAMA . 1975;233:872-877.Crossref 35. Dembroski TM, MacDougall JM, Williams RB, Haney TL, Blumenthal JA. Components of type A, hostility, and anger-in: relationship to angiographic findings . Psychosom Med . 1985;47:219-233.Crossref 36. Ruberman W, Weinblatt E, Goldberg JD, Chaudhary BS. Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction . N Engl J Med . 1984;311:552-559.Crossref 37. Weissman MM, Myers JK, Thompson D. Depression and its treatment in a US urban community: 1975-1976 . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1981;38:417-421.Crossref 38. Roberts RE, Vernon SW. Depression in the community: prevalence and treatment . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1982;39:1407-1409.Crossref 39. Myers JK, Weissman MM, Tischler GL, et al. Six month prevalence of psychiatric disorders in three communities: 1980-1982 . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1984;41:959-967.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Internal MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1989

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