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Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Endocarditis: Occurrence in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Endocarditis: Occurrence in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse Abstract Although coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequent etiologic agents in prosthetic valve endocarditis, they rarely infect native heart valves. We report three cases of CoNS endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Review of other reports of MVP-associated endocarditis and of the limited experience with CoNS infection of native heart valves suggests that our experience is not unique. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis superimposed on MVP may be difficult to recognize and to treat. The cardiac dysfunction can be quite subtle, the clinical course indolent, the blood culture results difficult to interpret, and the response to antimicrobial agents suboptimal. (Arch Intern Med 1986;146:119-121) References 1. Reid JVO: Mid-systolic clicks. S Afr Med J 1961;35:353-355. 2. Barlow JB, Pocock WA, Marchand P, et al: The significance of late systolic murmurs. Am Heart J 1963;66:443-452.Crossref 3. Devereux RB, Perloff JK, Reichek N, et al: Mitral valve prolapse. Circulation 1976;54:3-14.Crossref 4. Markiewicz W, Stoner J, London E, et al: Mitral valve prolapse in 100 presumably healthy young females. Circulation 1976;53:464-473.Crossref 5. Cheitlin MD, Byrd RC: Prolapsed mitral valve: The commonest valve disease? in Harvey WD (ed): Current Problems in Cardiology . Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, 1984, vol 7, pp 40-41. 6. Clemens JD, Horwitz RI, Jaffe CC, et al: A controlled evaluation of the risk of bacterial endocarditis in persons with mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1982;307:776-781.Crossref 7. Finland M, Barnes MW: Changing etiology of bacterial endocarditis in the antibacterial era. Ann Intern Med 1970;72:341-348.Crossref 8. Garvey GJ, Neu HC: Infective endocarditis: An evolving disease: A review of endocarditis at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, 1968-1973. Medicine 1978;57:105-127.Crossref 9. Karchmer AW: Issues in the treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci , in Bisno AL (ed): Treatment of Infective Endocarditis . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1981, pp 31-59. 10. Nolan CM, Kane JJ, Grunow WA: Infective endocarditis and mitral prolapse: A comparison with other types of endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:447-450.Crossref 11. Corrigall D, Bolen J, Hancock EW, et al: Mitral valve prolapse and infective endocarditis. Am J Med 1977;63:215-222.Crossref 12. Lachman AS, Bramwell-Jones DM, Lakier JB, et al: Infective endocarditis in the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome. Br Heart J 1975;37:326-330.Crossref 13. Dismukes WE: Prosthetic valve endocarditis: Factors influencing outcome and recommendations for therapy , in Bisno AL (ed): Treatment of Infective Endocarditis . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1981, pp 167-191. 14. Karchmer AW, Swartz MN: Infective endocarditis in patients with prosthetic heart valves , in Kaplan EL, Taranta AV (eds): Infective Endocarditis: An American Heart Association Symposium , monograph No. 52. Dallas, American Heart Association, 1977, pp 58-61. 15. Christensen GD, Bisno AL, Parisi JT, et al: Nosocomial septicemia due to multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ann Intern Med 1982;96:1-10.Crossref 16. Forse RA, Dixon C, Bernard K, et al: Staphylococcus epidermidis: An important pathogen. Surgery 1979;86:507-514. 17. Horton KA, Jennings BR, Baselski VS: β-Lactamase testing of staphylococci in a commercial broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration system. J Clin Microbiol 1982;16:406-407. 18. Durack DT, Kaplan EL, Bisno AL: Apparent failures of endocarditis prophylaxis. JAMA 1983;250:2318-2322.Crossref 19. Wade JC, Schimpff SC, Newman KA, et al: Staphylococcus epidermidis: An increasing cause of infection in patients with granulocytopenia. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:503-508.Crossref 20. Munson DP, Thompson TR, Johnson DE, et al: Coagulase-negative staphylococci septicemia: Experience in a newborn intensive care unit. J Pediatr 1982;101:602-605.Crossref 21. Pelletier LL Jr, Petersdorf RG: Infective endocarditis: A review of 125 cases from the University of Washington Hospitals, 1963-72. Medicine 1977;56:287-313.Crossref 22. Quinn EL, Box F Jr: Staphylococcus albus (epidermidis) endocarditis: Report of 16 cases seen between 1953 and 1962 , in Sylvester JC (ed): Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy-1963. Ann Arbor, Mich, American Society for Microbiology, 1964, pp 635-642. 23. Thayer WS: Bacterial or infective endocarditis: The Gibson lectures for 1930. Edinburgh Med J 1931;38:237-265. 24. Geraci JE, Hanson KC, Giuliani ER: Endocarditis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Mayo Clin Proc 1968;43:420-434. 25. Dismukes WE, Karchmer AW, Buckley MJ, et al: Prosthetic valve endocarditis: Analysis of 38 cases. Circulation 1973;48:365-377.Crossref 26. Speller DCE, Mitchell RG: Coagulase-negative staphylococci causing endocarditis after cardiac surgery. J Clin Pathol 1973;26:517-522.Crossref 27. Keys TF, Hewitt WL: Endocarditis due to micrococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Arch Intern Med 1973;132:216-220.Crossref 28. Pomerance A: Ballooning deformity (mucoid degeneration) of atrioventricular valves. Br Heart J 1969;31:343-351.Crossref 29. Weinstein L: 'Modern' infective endocarditis. JAMA 1975;233:260-263.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Endocarditis: Occurrence in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse

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References (33)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9926
eISSN
1538-3679
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1986.00360130145020
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Although coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are frequent etiologic agents in prosthetic valve endocarditis, they rarely infect native heart valves. We report three cases of CoNS endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP). Review of other reports of MVP-associated endocarditis and of the limited experience with CoNS infection of native heart valves suggests that our experience is not unique. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal endocarditis superimposed on MVP may be difficult to recognize and to treat. The cardiac dysfunction can be quite subtle, the clinical course indolent, the blood culture results difficult to interpret, and the response to antimicrobial agents suboptimal. (Arch Intern Med 1986;146:119-121) References 1. Reid JVO: Mid-systolic clicks. S Afr Med J 1961;35:353-355. 2. Barlow JB, Pocock WA, Marchand P, et al: The significance of late systolic murmurs. Am Heart J 1963;66:443-452.Crossref 3. Devereux RB, Perloff JK, Reichek N, et al: Mitral valve prolapse. Circulation 1976;54:3-14.Crossref 4. Markiewicz W, Stoner J, London E, et al: Mitral valve prolapse in 100 presumably healthy young females. Circulation 1976;53:464-473.Crossref 5. Cheitlin MD, Byrd RC: Prolapsed mitral valve: The commonest valve disease? in Harvey WD (ed): Current Problems in Cardiology . Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, 1984, vol 7, pp 40-41. 6. Clemens JD, Horwitz RI, Jaffe CC, et al: A controlled evaluation of the risk of bacterial endocarditis in persons with mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med 1982;307:776-781.Crossref 7. Finland M, Barnes MW: Changing etiology of bacterial endocarditis in the antibacterial era. Ann Intern Med 1970;72:341-348.Crossref 8. Garvey GJ, Neu HC: Infective endocarditis: An evolving disease: A review of endocarditis at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, 1968-1973. Medicine 1978;57:105-127.Crossref 9. Karchmer AW: Issues in the treatment of endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci , in Bisno AL (ed): Treatment of Infective Endocarditis . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1981, pp 31-59. 10. Nolan CM, Kane JJ, Grunow WA: Infective endocarditis and mitral prolapse: A comparison with other types of endocarditis. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:447-450.Crossref 11. Corrigall D, Bolen J, Hancock EW, et al: Mitral valve prolapse and infective endocarditis. Am J Med 1977;63:215-222.Crossref 12. Lachman AS, Bramwell-Jones DM, Lakier JB, et al: Infective endocarditis in the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome. Br Heart J 1975;37:326-330.Crossref 13. Dismukes WE: Prosthetic valve endocarditis: Factors influencing outcome and recommendations for therapy , in Bisno AL (ed): Treatment of Infective Endocarditis . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1981, pp 167-191. 14. Karchmer AW, Swartz MN: Infective endocarditis in patients with prosthetic heart valves , in Kaplan EL, Taranta AV (eds): Infective Endocarditis: An American Heart Association Symposium , monograph No. 52. Dallas, American Heart Association, 1977, pp 58-61. 15. Christensen GD, Bisno AL, Parisi JT, et al: Nosocomial septicemia due to multiple antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Ann Intern Med 1982;96:1-10.Crossref 16. Forse RA, Dixon C, Bernard K, et al: Staphylococcus epidermidis: An important pathogen. Surgery 1979;86:507-514. 17. Horton KA, Jennings BR, Baselski VS: β-Lactamase testing of staphylococci in a commercial broth microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration system. J Clin Microbiol 1982;16:406-407. 18. Durack DT, Kaplan EL, Bisno AL: Apparent failures of endocarditis prophylaxis. JAMA 1983;250:2318-2322.Crossref 19. Wade JC, Schimpff SC, Newman KA, et al: Staphylococcus epidermidis: An increasing cause of infection in patients with granulocytopenia. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:503-508.Crossref 20. Munson DP, Thompson TR, Johnson DE, et al: Coagulase-negative staphylococci septicemia: Experience in a newborn intensive care unit. J Pediatr 1982;101:602-605.Crossref 21. Pelletier LL Jr, Petersdorf RG: Infective endocarditis: A review of 125 cases from the University of Washington Hospitals, 1963-72. Medicine 1977;56:287-313.Crossref 22. Quinn EL, Box F Jr: Staphylococcus albus (epidermidis) endocarditis: Report of 16 cases seen between 1953 and 1962 , in Sylvester JC (ed): Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy-1963. Ann Arbor, Mich, American Society for Microbiology, 1964, pp 635-642. 23. Thayer WS: Bacterial or infective endocarditis: The Gibson lectures for 1930. Edinburgh Med J 1931;38:237-265. 24. Geraci JE, Hanson KC, Giuliani ER: Endocarditis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Mayo Clin Proc 1968;43:420-434. 25. Dismukes WE, Karchmer AW, Buckley MJ, et al: Prosthetic valve endocarditis: Analysis of 38 cases. Circulation 1973;48:365-377.Crossref 26. Speller DCE, Mitchell RG: Coagulase-negative staphylococci causing endocarditis after cardiac surgery. J Clin Pathol 1973;26:517-522.Crossref 27. Keys TF, Hewitt WL: Endocarditis due to micrococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Arch Intern Med 1973;132:216-220.Crossref 28. Pomerance A: Ballooning deformity (mucoid degeneration) of atrioventricular valves. Br Heart J 1969;31:343-351.Crossref 29. Weinstein L: 'Modern' infective endocarditis. JAMA 1975;233:260-263.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: Jan 1, 1986

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