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Physiology of the Splanchnic Circulation

Physiology of the Splanchnic Circulation Abstract • The splanchnic circulation is composed of gastric, small intestinal, colonic, pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic circulations, arranged in parallel with one another. The three major arteries that supply the splanchnic organs, celiac and superior and inferior mesenteric, give rise to smaller arteries that anastomose extensively. The circulation of some splanchnic organs is complicated by the existence of an intramural circulation. Redistribution of total blood flow between intramural vascular circuits may be as important as total blood flow. Numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors influence the splanchnic circulation. Extrinsic factors include general hemodynamic conditions of the cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, and circulating neurohumoral agents. Intrinsic mechanisms include special properties of the vasculature, local metabolites, intrinsic nerves, paracrine substances, and local hormones. The existence of a multiplicity of regulatory mechanisms provides overlapping controls and restricts radical changes in tissue perfusion. (Arch Intern Med 1985;145:1278-1281) References 1. Tepperman BL, Jacobson ED: The circulatory factor in gastric ulcers , in Brooks FP (ed): Peptic Ulcers: Contemporary Issues in Gastroenterology . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985, pp 261-278. 2. Gallavan RH Jr, Jacobson ED: The splanchnic circulation , in Cohen M (ed): Biological Protection With Prostaglandins . Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press Inc, in press. 3. Gallavan RH Jr, Jacobson ED: Intestinal blood flow , in Berk JE (ed): Bockus Gastroenterology , ed 4. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, in press. 4. Granger DN, Richardson PDI, Kvietys PR, et al: Intestinal blood flow. Gastroenterology 1980;78:837-863. 5. Schwaiger M, Fondacaro JD, Jacobson ED: Effects of glucagon, histamine, and perhexiline on the ischemic canine mesenteric circulation. Gastroenterology 1979;77:730-735. 6. Kvietys PR, Granger DN: Regulation of colonic blood flow. Fed Proc 1982;41:2106-2110. 7. Granger DN, Barrowman JA: Microcirculation of the alimentary tract: I. Physiology of transcapillary fluid and solute exchange. Gastroenterology 1983;84:846-868. 8. Rappaport AM, Schneiderman JH: The function of the hepatic artery. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1976;76:130-186. 9. Folkow B, Neil E: Circulation . London, Oxford University Press, 1971. 10. Jacobson ED: Physiology of the mesenteric circulation. Physiologist 1982;25:439-443. 11. Granger DN, Perry MA, Kvietys PR, et al: Metabolic, myogenic and hormonal factors in local regulation of alimentary tract blood flow , in Koo A (ed): Microcirculation of the Alimentary Tract: Physiology and Pathophysiology . Singapore, World Science Publishing, in press. 12. Jacobson ED: Control of the splanchnic circulation. Yale J Biol Med 1977;50:301-306. 13. Granger DN, Taylor AE: Permeability of intestinal capillaries to endogenous macromolecules. Am J Physiol 1980;238:457-464. 14. Robinson JWL, Mirkovitch V, Winistorfer L, et al: Response of the intestinal mucosa to ischemia. Gut 1981;22:512-527.Crossref 15. Parks DA, Bulkley GB, Granger DN, et al: Ischemic injury in the cat small intestine: Role of superoxide radicals. Gastroenterology 1982;82:9-15. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

Physiology of the Splanchnic Circulation

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References (16)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9926
eISSN
1538-3679
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1985.00360070158027
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract • The splanchnic circulation is composed of gastric, small intestinal, colonic, pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic circulations, arranged in parallel with one another. The three major arteries that supply the splanchnic organs, celiac and superior and inferior mesenteric, give rise to smaller arteries that anastomose extensively. The circulation of some splanchnic organs is complicated by the existence of an intramural circulation. Redistribution of total blood flow between intramural vascular circuits may be as important as total blood flow. Numerous extrinsic and intrinsic factors influence the splanchnic circulation. Extrinsic factors include general hemodynamic conditions of the cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, and circulating neurohumoral agents. Intrinsic mechanisms include special properties of the vasculature, local metabolites, intrinsic nerves, paracrine substances, and local hormones. The existence of a multiplicity of regulatory mechanisms provides overlapping controls and restricts radical changes in tissue perfusion. (Arch Intern Med 1985;145:1278-1281) References 1. Tepperman BL, Jacobson ED: The circulatory factor in gastric ulcers , in Brooks FP (ed): Peptic Ulcers: Contemporary Issues in Gastroenterology . New York, Churchill Livingstone Inc, 1985, pp 261-278. 2. Gallavan RH Jr, Jacobson ED: The splanchnic circulation , in Cohen M (ed): Biological Protection With Prostaglandins . Boca Raton, Fla, CRC Press Inc, in press. 3. Gallavan RH Jr, Jacobson ED: Intestinal blood flow , in Berk JE (ed): Bockus Gastroenterology , ed 4. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, in press. 4. Granger DN, Richardson PDI, Kvietys PR, et al: Intestinal blood flow. Gastroenterology 1980;78:837-863. 5. Schwaiger M, Fondacaro JD, Jacobson ED: Effects of glucagon, histamine, and perhexiline on the ischemic canine mesenteric circulation. Gastroenterology 1979;77:730-735. 6. Kvietys PR, Granger DN: Regulation of colonic blood flow. Fed Proc 1982;41:2106-2110. 7. Granger DN, Barrowman JA: Microcirculation of the alimentary tract: I. Physiology of transcapillary fluid and solute exchange. Gastroenterology 1983;84:846-868. 8. Rappaport AM, Schneiderman JH: The function of the hepatic artery. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1976;76:130-186. 9. Folkow B, Neil E: Circulation . London, Oxford University Press, 1971. 10. Jacobson ED: Physiology of the mesenteric circulation. Physiologist 1982;25:439-443. 11. Granger DN, Perry MA, Kvietys PR, et al: Metabolic, myogenic and hormonal factors in local regulation of alimentary tract blood flow , in Koo A (ed): Microcirculation of the Alimentary Tract: Physiology and Pathophysiology . Singapore, World Science Publishing, in press. 12. Jacobson ED: Control of the splanchnic circulation. Yale J Biol Med 1977;50:301-306. 13. Granger DN, Taylor AE: Permeability of intestinal capillaries to endogenous macromolecules. Am J Physiol 1980;238:457-464. 14. Robinson JWL, Mirkovitch V, Winistorfer L, et al: Response of the intestinal mucosa to ischemia. Gut 1981;22:512-527.Crossref 15. Parks DA, Bulkley GB, Granger DN, et al: Ischemic injury in the cat small intestine: Role of superoxide radicals. Gastroenterology 1982;82:9-15.

Journal

Archives of Internal MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1985

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