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Diseases of the Large and Small Coronary Arteries

Diseases of the Large and Small Coronary Arteries Abstract This review is concerned with how diseases of the large and small coronary arteries produce abnormal function of the heart in man. Topics include the normal and variant gross anatomy of the coronary arteries, the principles of evaluating functional importance of lesions in the large coronary arteries, some pitfalls in coronary arteriography, why the existence of angina without coronary disease may be questioned, clues to the clinical diagnosis of diseases of small coronary arteries, and the bases for necropsy diagnosis of small coronary disease. Clinical pathophysiology is emphasized because the purpose of the review is to discuss the subject relative to the care of patients with heart disease. References 1. Harrison TR: Some problems in the diagnosis, management, and pathophysiology of angina pectoris: The John Kent Lewis Memorial lecture. Arch Intern Med 117:323-329, 1966.Crossref 2. James TN: The coronary circulation and conduction system in acute myocardial infarction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 10:410-449, 1968.Crossref 3. Hibbs RG, Black WC: Electron microscopy of post-mortem changes in the rat myocardium. Anat Rec 147:261-272, 1963.Crossref 4. Jennings RB, et al: Studies of the dying myocardial cell , in James TN, Keyes JW (eds): Etiology of Myocardial Infarction . Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1963, pp 189-206. 5. Jennings RB: Early phase of myocardial ischemic injury and infarction. Am J Cardiol 24:753-765, 1969.Crossref 6. Kawamura K, James TN: Comparative ultrastructure of cellular junctions in working myocardium and the conduction system under normal and pathologic conditions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 3:31-60, 1971.Crossref 7. James TN, Sherf L: Ultrastructure of myocardial cells. Am J Cardiol 22:389-416, 1968.Crossref 8. Klocke FJ, Braunwald E, Ross J Jr: Oxygen cost of electrical activation of the heart. Circ Res 18:357-365, 1966.Crossref 9. Eckberg DL, Drabinsky M, Braunwald E: Defective cardiac parasympathetic control in patients with heart disease. N Engl J Med 285:877-883, 1971.Crossref 10. Dawes GS, Comroe JH Jr: Chemoreflexes from the heart and lungs. Physiol Rev 34:167-201, 1954. 11. Aviado DM Jr, Schmidt CF: Cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes from the left side of the heart. Am J Physiol 196:726-730, 1959. 12. Frink RJ, James TN: The intracardiac route of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Am J Physiol 221:1464-1469, 1971. 13. Eckstein RW, et al: Identification of left coronary blood supply of aortic bodies in anesthetized dogs. J Appl Physiol 30:488-492, 1971. 14. James TN, et al: Chemoreceptors of the heart. Clin Res 20:620, 1972. 15. Berne RM, Rubio R: Acute coronary occlusion: Early changes that induce coronary dilatation and the development of collateral circulation. Am J Cardiol 24:776-781, 1969.Crossref 16. Rubio R, Berne RM: Release of adenosine by the normal myocardium in dogs and its relationship to the regulation of coronary resistance. Circ Res 25:407-415, 1969.Crossref 17. James TN: The delivery and distribution of coronary collateral circulation. Chest 58:183-203, 1970.Crossref 18. James TN: Anatomy of The Coronary Arteries . New York, Paul B Hoeber, Inc, 1961. 19. James TN: A useful landmark for interpreting angiocardiograms. Radiology 75:804-806, 1963. 20. James TN: Functional anatomy of the coronary circulation , in Conn HL, Horwitz O (eds): Cardiac and Vascular Diseases . Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger Publishers, 1971, pp 24-40. 21. DeBakey ME, et al: The "borrowing-lending" hemodynamic phenomenon (hemometakinesia) and its therapeutic application in peripheral vascular disturbances. Ann Surg 126:850-865, 1947.Crossref 22. Schaper W: "Myocardial steal-syndrome" produced by vasodilation in chronic coronary artery occlusion, abstracted. Circulation 44:( (suppl 2) ) p 222, 1971. 23. James TN, Nadeau RA: The effect of dipyridamole on retrograde pressure in obstructed coronary arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 142:93-98, 1963. 24. Fam WM, McGregor M: Effect of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on regional coronary resistance. Circ Res 17:649-659, 1968.Crossref 25. James TN: The chronotropic action of ATP and related compounds studied by direct perfusion of the sinus node. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 149:233-247, 1965. 26. Urthaler F, James TN: Effects of adenosine and ATP on AV conduction and on AV junctional rhythm. J Lab Clin Med 79:96-105, 1972. 27. Sherf L, James TN: Chronotropic action of amino acids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 153:197-202, 1966. 28. James TN: The chronotropic action of serotonin studied by direct perfusion of the sinus node. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 146:209-214, 1964. 29. Horn RC, Fine G: Types of coronary obstruction and their morphological characteristics , James TN, Keyes JW (eds) in: Etiology of Myocardial Infarction . Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1963, pp 229-246. 30. Hudson REB: Cardiovascular Pathology . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1965, vol 1, pp 292-465. 31. Banks DC, Raftery EB, Oram S: Evaluation of contrast media used in coronary arteriography. Br Heart J 31:645-648, 1969.Crossref 32. Adams DF, Paulin S: Effect of radiographic contrast media in selective injections into the sinus node artery. Radiology 91:719-724, 1968.Crossref 33. Harrison TR: Mercutio and the heart of Hurst and Logue. Chest 58:526-527, 1970.Crossref 34. James TN: Observations on the cardiovascular involvement (including the cardiac conduction system) in progressive muscular dystrophy. Am Heart J 63:48-56, 1962.Crossref 35. James TN: Anatomy of the human sinus node. Anat Rec 141:109-139, 1961.Crossref 36. James TN: Morphology of the human atrioventricular node, with remarks pertinent to its electrophysiology. Am Heart J 62:756-771, 1961.Crossref 37. Thomson AMP: Dystrophia cordis myotonica studied by serial histology of the pacemaker and conducting system. J Pathol Bacteriol 96:285-295, 1968.Crossref 38. Demany MA, Zimmerman HA: Progressive muscular dystrophy: Hemodynamic, angiographic, and pathologic study of a patient with myocardial involvement. Circulation 40:377-384, 1969.Crossref 39. James TN, Frame B, Schatz IJ: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in Marfan's syndrome. Arch Intern Med 114:339-343, 1964.Crossref 40. Bear ES, Tung MY, Bordiuk J: Marfan's syndrome with complete heart block and junctional rhythm. JAMA 217:335-337, 1971.Crossref 41. Nadas AS, Alimurung MM, Sieracki LA: Cardiac manifestations of Friedreich's ataxia. N Engl J Med 244:239-244, 1951.Crossref 42. James TN, Fisch C: Observations on the cardiovascular involvement in Friedreich's ataxia. Am Heart J 66:164-175, 1963.Crossref 43. Varnauskas E, et al: Obscure cardiomyopathies with coronary artery changes. Am J Cardiol 19:531-541, 1967.Crossref 44. Campbell M, et al: Pathology of idiopathic cardiomegaly in Jamaica. Br Heart J 33:193-202, 1971.Crossref 45. James TN: Congenital deafness and cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 19:627-643, 1967.Crossref 46. James TN: On the cause of syncope and sudden death in primary pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med 56:252-264, 1962.Crossref 47. James TN, Drake EH: Sudden death in Doberman Pinschers. Ann Intern Med 68:821-829, 1968.Crossref 48. James TN, Froggatt P, Marshall TK: Sudden death of young athletes. Ann Intern Med 67:1013-1021, 1967.Crossref 49. James TN: An etiologic concept concerning the obscure myocardiopathies. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 7:43-64, 1964.Crossref 50. James TN: Pathology of small coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 20:679-691, 1967.Crossref 51. Schaper W, et al: The morphology of intercoronary anastomoses in chronic coronary artery occlusion. Cardiovasc Res 3:315-323, 1969.Crossref 52. Schaper J, Borgers M, Schaper W: Ultrastructure of ischemia-induced changes in the precapillary anastomotic network of the heart. Am J Cardiol 29:851-859, 1972.Crossref 53. Laubry C, Soulie P, Thys H: Les anastomoses septales. Arch Mal Coeur 41:1-24, 1948. 54. Rossi L, James TN: Neurovascular pathology of the heart in progressive muscular dystrophy. Panminerva Med 6:357-360, 1960. 55. James TN: Mysterious sudden death. Chest 62:454-468, 1972.Crossref 56. James TN: Degenerative arteriopathy with pulmonary hypertension: A revised concept of socalled primary pulmonary hypertension. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull 9:271-311, 1961. 57. James TN: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in amyloidosis. Ann Intern Med 65:28-36, 1966.Crossref 58. James TN, Monto RW: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 65:37-43, 1966.Crossref 59. Teare D: Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults. Br Heart J 20:1-8, 1958.Crossref 60. Saphir 0, Ohringer L, Wong R: Changes in the intramural coronary branches in coronary arteriosclerosis. Arch Pathol 62:159-170, 1956. 61. Okada R, et al: A case of coronary sclerosis in small arteries associated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Jap Heart J 1:348-356, 1960.Crossref 62. Kariv I, et al: Familial cardiomyopathy: A review of 11 families. Am J Cardiol 28:693-706, 1971.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

Diseases of the Large and Small Coronary Arteries

James, Thomas N.
Archives of Internal Medicine , Volume 134 (1) – Jul 1, 1974
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References (63)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1974 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9926
eISSN
1538-3679
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1974.00320190165030
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Abstract

Abstract This review is concerned with how diseases of the large and small coronary arteries produce abnormal function of the heart in man. Topics include the normal and variant gross anatomy of the coronary arteries, the principles of evaluating functional importance of lesions in the large coronary arteries, some pitfalls in coronary arteriography, why the existence of angina without coronary disease may be questioned, clues to the clinical diagnosis of diseases of small coronary arteries, and the bases for necropsy diagnosis of small coronary disease. Clinical pathophysiology is emphasized because the purpose of the review is to discuss the subject relative to the care of patients with heart disease. References 1. Harrison TR: Some problems in the diagnosis, management, and pathophysiology of angina pectoris: The John Kent Lewis Memorial lecture. Arch Intern Med 117:323-329, 1966.Crossref 2. James TN: The coronary circulation and conduction system in acute myocardial infarction. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 10:410-449, 1968.Crossref 3. Hibbs RG, Black WC: Electron microscopy of post-mortem changes in the rat myocardium. Anat Rec 147:261-272, 1963.Crossref 4. Jennings RB, et al: Studies of the dying myocardial cell , in James TN, Keyes JW (eds): Etiology of Myocardial Infarction . Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1963, pp 189-206. 5. Jennings RB: Early phase of myocardial ischemic injury and infarction. Am J Cardiol 24:753-765, 1969.Crossref 6. Kawamura K, James TN: Comparative ultrastructure of cellular junctions in working myocardium and the conduction system under normal and pathologic conditions. J Mol Cell Cardiol 3:31-60, 1971.Crossref 7. James TN, Sherf L: Ultrastructure of myocardial cells. Am J Cardiol 22:389-416, 1968.Crossref 8. Klocke FJ, Braunwald E, Ross J Jr: Oxygen cost of electrical activation of the heart. Circ Res 18:357-365, 1966.Crossref 9. Eckberg DL, Drabinsky M, Braunwald E: Defective cardiac parasympathetic control in patients with heart disease. N Engl J Med 285:877-883, 1971.Crossref 10. Dawes GS, Comroe JH Jr: Chemoreflexes from the heart and lungs. Physiol Rev 34:167-201, 1954. 11. Aviado DM Jr, Schmidt CF: Cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes from the left side of the heart. Am J Physiol 196:726-730, 1959. 12. Frink RJ, James TN: The intracardiac route of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex. Am J Physiol 221:1464-1469, 1971. 13. Eckstein RW, et al: Identification of left coronary blood supply of aortic bodies in anesthetized dogs. J Appl Physiol 30:488-492, 1971. 14. James TN, et al: Chemoreceptors of the heart. Clin Res 20:620, 1972. 15. Berne RM, Rubio R: Acute coronary occlusion: Early changes that induce coronary dilatation and the development of collateral circulation. Am J Cardiol 24:776-781, 1969.Crossref 16. Rubio R, Berne RM: Release of adenosine by the normal myocardium in dogs and its relationship to the regulation of coronary resistance. Circ Res 25:407-415, 1969.Crossref 17. James TN: The delivery and distribution of coronary collateral circulation. Chest 58:183-203, 1970.Crossref 18. James TN: Anatomy of The Coronary Arteries . New York, Paul B Hoeber, Inc, 1961. 19. James TN: A useful landmark for interpreting angiocardiograms. Radiology 75:804-806, 1963. 20. James TN: Functional anatomy of the coronary circulation , in Conn HL, Horwitz O (eds): Cardiac and Vascular Diseases . Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger Publishers, 1971, pp 24-40. 21. DeBakey ME, et al: The "borrowing-lending" hemodynamic phenomenon (hemometakinesia) and its therapeutic application in peripheral vascular disturbances. Ann Surg 126:850-865, 1947.Crossref 22. Schaper W: "Myocardial steal-syndrome" produced by vasodilation in chronic coronary artery occlusion, abstracted. Circulation 44:( (suppl 2) ) p 222, 1971. 23. James TN, Nadeau RA: The effect of dipyridamole on retrograde pressure in obstructed coronary arteries. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 142:93-98, 1963. 24. Fam WM, McGregor M: Effect of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on regional coronary resistance. Circ Res 17:649-659, 1968.Crossref 25. James TN: The chronotropic action of ATP and related compounds studied by direct perfusion of the sinus node. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 149:233-247, 1965. 26. Urthaler F, James TN: Effects of adenosine and ATP on AV conduction and on AV junctional rhythm. J Lab Clin Med 79:96-105, 1972. 27. Sherf L, James TN: Chronotropic action of amino acids. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 153:197-202, 1966. 28. James TN: The chronotropic action of serotonin studied by direct perfusion of the sinus node. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 146:209-214, 1964. 29. Horn RC, Fine G: Types of coronary obstruction and their morphological characteristics , James TN, Keyes JW (eds) in: Etiology of Myocardial Infarction . Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1963, pp 229-246. 30. Hudson REB: Cardiovascular Pathology . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1965, vol 1, pp 292-465. 31. Banks DC, Raftery EB, Oram S: Evaluation of contrast media used in coronary arteriography. Br Heart J 31:645-648, 1969.Crossref 32. Adams DF, Paulin S: Effect of radiographic contrast media in selective injections into the sinus node artery. Radiology 91:719-724, 1968.Crossref 33. Harrison TR: Mercutio and the heart of Hurst and Logue. Chest 58:526-527, 1970.Crossref 34. James TN: Observations on the cardiovascular involvement (including the cardiac conduction system) in progressive muscular dystrophy. Am Heart J 63:48-56, 1962.Crossref 35. James TN: Anatomy of the human sinus node. Anat Rec 141:109-139, 1961.Crossref 36. James TN: Morphology of the human atrioventricular node, with remarks pertinent to its electrophysiology. Am Heart J 62:756-771, 1961.Crossref 37. Thomson AMP: Dystrophia cordis myotonica studied by serial histology of the pacemaker and conducting system. J Pathol Bacteriol 96:285-295, 1968.Crossref 38. Demany MA, Zimmerman HA: Progressive muscular dystrophy: Hemodynamic, angiographic, and pathologic study of a patient with myocardial involvement. Circulation 40:377-384, 1969.Crossref 39. James TN, Frame B, Schatz IJ: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in Marfan's syndrome. Arch Intern Med 114:339-343, 1964.Crossref 40. Bear ES, Tung MY, Bordiuk J: Marfan's syndrome with complete heart block and junctional rhythm. JAMA 217:335-337, 1971.Crossref 41. Nadas AS, Alimurung MM, Sieracki LA: Cardiac manifestations of Friedreich's ataxia. N Engl J Med 244:239-244, 1951.Crossref 42. James TN, Fisch C: Observations on the cardiovascular involvement in Friedreich's ataxia. Am Heart J 66:164-175, 1963.Crossref 43. Varnauskas E, et al: Obscure cardiomyopathies with coronary artery changes. Am J Cardiol 19:531-541, 1967.Crossref 44. Campbell M, et al: Pathology of idiopathic cardiomegaly in Jamaica. Br Heart J 33:193-202, 1971.Crossref 45. James TN: Congenital deafness and cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 19:627-643, 1967.Crossref 46. James TN: On the cause of syncope and sudden death in primary pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med 56:252-264, 1962.Crossref 47. James TN, Drake EH: Sudden death in Doberman Pinschers. Ann Intern Med 68:821-829, 1968.Crossref 48. James TN, Froggatt P, Marshall TK: Sudden death of young athletes. Ann Intern Med 67:1013-1021, 1967.Crossref 49. James TN: An etiologic concept concerning the obscure myocardiopathies. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 7:43-64, 1964.Crossref 50. James TN: Pathology of small coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 20:679-691, 1967.Crossref 51. Schaper W, et al: The morphology of intercoronary anastomoses in chronic coronary artery occlusion. Cardiovasc Res 3:315-323, 1969.Crossref 52. Schaper J, Borgers M, Schaper W: Ultrastructure of ischemia-induced changes in the precapillary anastomotic network of the heart. Am J Cardiol 29:851-859, 1972.Crossref 53. Laubry C, Soulie P, Thys H: Les anastomoses septales. Arch Mal Coeur 41:1-24, 1948. 54. Rossi L, James TN: Neurovascular pathology of the heart in progressive muscular dystrophy. Panminerva Med 6:357-360, 1960. 55. James TN: Mysterious sudden death. Chest 62:454-468, 1972.Crossref 56. James TN: Degenerative arteriopathy with pulmonary hypertension: A revised concept of socalled primary pulmonary hypertension. Henry Ford Hosp Med Bull 9:271-311, 1961. 57. James TN: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in amyloidosis. Ann Intern Med 65:28-36, 1966.Crossref 58. James TN, Monto RW: Pathology of the cardiac conduction system in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann Intern Med 65:37-43, 1966.Crossref 59. Teare D: Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults. Br Heart J 20:1-8, 1958.Crossref 60. Saphir 0, Ohringer L, Wong R: Changes in the intramural coronary branches in coronary arteriosclerosis. Arch Pathol 62:159-170, 1956. 61. Okada R, et al: A case of coronary sclerosis in small arteries associated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Jap Heart J 1:348-356, 1960.Crossref 62. Kariv I, et al: Familial cardiomyopathy: A review of 11 families. Am J Cardiol 28:693-706, 1971.Crossref

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Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1974

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