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Antimicrobial Therapy of Ratbite Fever: A Review

Antimicrobial Therapy of Ratbite Fever: A Review Abstract RATBITE fever is an acute illness caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus, and characterized by chills, rash, and intermittent or relapsing fever. Arthritis or a local lesion at the bite-site, usually associated with regional lymphadenopathy, may also occur with the onset of other symptoms, depending upon the causative organism involved. Although penicillin is accepted as the treatment of choice for the disease, no agreement can be found in the literature concerning the most desirable dosage and duration of therapy. This paper reports a case of streptobacillary-ratbite fever successfully treated with penicillin. Previous American, Canadian, and British experience with cases in which the causative microorganisms were clearly demonstrated are reviewed, and the therapeutic programs used have been compared with the results achieved in an attempt to determine optimal management with antimicrobials now available. Report of a Case A 38-year-old white male radioisotope laboratory technician was admitted to the medical service References 1. Wilcox, W.: Violent Symptoms From Bite of Rat , Amer J Med Sci 26:245, 1839. 2. Bayne-Jones, S.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Case With Demonstration of Causative Organism and Its Use in Treatment of Paresis , New York J Med 27: 1113, 1927. 3. Beeson, P. B.: Problem of Etiology of Ratbite Fever: Report of Two Cases Due to Spirillum minus , JAMA 123:332, 1943.Crossref 4. Blake, F. C.: Etiology of Ratbite Fever , J Exp Med 23:39, 1916.Crossref 5. Brown, T. M., and Nunemaker, J. C.: Ratbite Fever: Review of American Cases With Re-evaluation of Its Etiology and Report of Cases , Bull Hopkins Hosp 70:201, 1942. 6. Watkins, C. G.: Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 28:429, 1946.Crossref 7. Futaki, K., et al: Spirillum moris muris, N. Sp.: Cause of Ratbite Fever , J Exp Med 25:33, 1917.Crossref 8. Robertson, A.: Causal Organism of Rat-Bite Fever in Man , Ann Trop Med 18:157, 1924. 9. Levaditi, C.; Nicolau, S.; and Poincloux, P.: Sur le rôle étiologique de Streptobacillus moniliformis (nov. spec.) dans l'erythème polymorphe aigu septicemique , C R Acad Sci 180:1188, 1925. 10. Breed, R. S.; Murray, E. G. D.; and Smith, N.: "Bergey's" Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , ed 7, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1957, pp 256, 451. 11. Jawetz, E.; Melnick, J. L.; and Adelberg, E. A.: Review of Medical Microbiology , ed 2, Los Altos, Calif: Lange Medical Publications, 1956, pp 190, 202. 12. Place, E. H., and Sutton, L. E.: Erythema arthriticum epidemicum (Haverhill Fever) , Arch Intern Med 54:659, 1934.Crossref 13. Dolman, C. E., et al: Two Cases of Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Canad J Public Health 42:228, 1951. 14. Richter, C. P.: Incidence of Ratbites and Ratbite Fever in Baltimore , JAMA 128:324, 1945.Crossref 15. Strangeways, W. I.: Rats as Carriers of Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Path Bact 37:47, 1933.Crossref 16. Tunnicliff, R.: Streptothrix in Bronchopneumonia of Rats Similar to That of Ratbite Fever , J Infect Dis 19:767, 1916.Crossref 17. McDermott, E. W.: Ratbite Fever: Study of Experimental Disease With Critical Review of Literature , Quart J Med 21:433, 1927-1928. 18. Donaho, C. R.; Scott, E. G.; and Flanders, J. F.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Delaware Med J 20:11, 1948. 19. Hamburger, M., and Knowles, H. C.: Streptobacillus moniliformis Infection Complicated by Acute Bacterial Endocarditis , Arch Intern Med 92:216, 1953.Crossref 20. Farquhar, J. W.; Edmunds, P. N.; and Tilley, J. B.: Sodoku in Child: Result of Mousebite , Lancet 2:1211, 1958.Crossref 21. Jellison, W. L., et al: Ratbite Fever in Montana , Public Health Rep 64:1661, 1949.Crossref 22. Rietzel, R. J.; Haim, A.; and Prindle, K.: Ratbite Fever From Field Mouse , JAMA 106:1090, 1936.Crossref 23. Jenkinson, H. R., and Jordan, C. F.: Case of Ratbite Fever Caused by Bite of Wild Mouse , J Iowa Med Soc 22:31, 1932. 24. Dick, G. F., and Tunnicliff, R.: Streptothrix Isolated From Blood of Patient Bitten by Weasel , J Infect Dis 23:183, 1918. 25. Ripley, H. S., and Van Sant, H. M.: Ratbite Fever Acquired From Dog , JAMA 102:1917, 1934.Crossref 26. Mock, H. E., and Morrow, A. R.: Ratbite Fever Transmitted by Catbite , Illinois Med J 61:67, 1932. 27. Collier, G.: Ratbite Fever Complicated With Pneumonia: Case Report , Dallas Med J 27:83, 1941. 28. Tunnicliff, R., and Meyer, K. M.: Case of Ratbite Fever , J Infect Dis 23:555, 1918. 29. Stokes, J. F.; Gray, I. R.; and Stokes, E. J.: Actinomyces muris Endocarditis Treated With Chloramphenicol , Brit Heart J 13:247, 1951.Crossref 30. Hazard, J. B., and Goodkind, B.: Haverhill Fever (Erythema arthriticum epidemicum) , JAMA 99:534, 1932.Crossref 31. Schwartzmann, G., et al: Repeated Recovery of Spirillum by Blood Culture From Two Children With Prolonged and Recurrent Fevers , Pediatrics 8:227, 1951. 32. Walker, H.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Two Cases , Virginia Med Monthly 64:272, 1937.Crossref 33. McDermott, W.; Leask, M. M.; and Benoit, M.: Streptobacillus moniliformis as Cause of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis: Case Treated With Penicillin , Ann Intern Med 23:414, 1945.Crossref 34. Petersen, E. S., et al: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , JAMA 144:621, 1950.Crossref 35. Heilman, F. R.: Chemotherapy in Experimental Infections Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , Science 91:366, 1940.Crossref 36. Smith, C. D., and Sampson, C. C.: Studies of Streptobacillus moniliformis From Case of Human Ratbite Fever , Amer J Med Techn 26:47, 1960. 37. Brooksaler, F.: Penicillin Therapy in Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 17:442, 1945.Crossref 38. Hayes, E. R.; Kidd, E. G.; and Cowan, D. W.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Lancet 70:394, 1950. 39. Kilham, L.: Infection Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , New Eng J Med 236:969, 1947.Crossref 40. Leadingham, R. S.: Ratbite Fever (Sodoku): Report of Five Cases , Amer J Clin Path 8:333, 1938. 41. Weber, R. A., and Favour, C. B.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis Treated With Penicillin , Bull Hopkins Hosp 77:132, 1945. 42. Toren, D. A.: Mycotic Ratbite Fever: Report of Case , Delaware Med J 25:334, 1953. 43. Tani, T., and Takano, S.: Prevention of Borrelia Duttonii, Trypanosoma gambionse, Spirillum minus and Treponema pallidum Infections Conveyable Through Transfusion , Jap J Med Sci Biol 11:407,1958.Crossref 44. Hitzig, W. M., and Liebesman, A.: Subacute Endocarditis Associated With Infection With Spirillum , Arch Intern Med 73:415, 1944.Crossref 45. Robertson, A.: Spirillum minus Carter, 1887: Aetiological Agents of Rat-Bite Fever: Review , Ann Trop Med 24:367, 1930. 46. Greengard, J., and Hess, E. R.: Ratbite Fever in Infant Bitten at Age 11 Days , JAMA 116:2393, 1941.Crossref 47. Rosen, E., and Denzer, B. S.: Ratbite Fever Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Pediat 24: 544, 1944.Crossref 48. Prouty, M., and Schaefer, E. L.: Periarteritis Nodosa Associated With Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Pediat 36:605, 1950.Crossref 49. Kane, F. F.: Letter to editor , Lancet 2:548, 1944.Crossref 50. Lourie, E. M., and Collier, H. O. T.: Therapeutic Action of Penicillin on Spirochaeta recurrentis and Spirillum minus in Mice , Ann Trop Med 37:200-205 ( (Dec) ) 1943. 51. Heilman, F. R., and Herrel, W. C.: Penicillin in Treatment of Experimental Infections With Spirillum minus and Streptobacillus moniliformis , Proc Mayo Clin 19:257, 1944. 52. Sprecher, M., and Copland, F.: Haverhill Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis Treated With Streptomycin , JAMA 134:1014, 1947.Crossref 53. Sen, S.; Basu, B. C.; and Banerjee, D.: Streptomycin and Terramycin in Treatment of Rat-Bite Fever Due to Spirillum minus , Indian Med Gaz 89:3, 1954. 54. Fontan, A., et al: Sodoku chez deux enfants de 15 mois et 13 ans; quérison par l'aureomycine , Arch Franc Pediat 8:326, 1951. 55. Dodd, K.: Isolated Case of Erythema arthriticum epidemicum , Boston Med Surg J 194:633, 1926.Crossref 56. Witzberger, C. M., and Cohen, H. G.: Ratbite Fever: Comparison of Spirochetal and Bacillary Forms , Arch Pediat 61:123, 1944. 57. Altemeier, W. A.; Snyder, H.; and Howe, G.: Penicillin Therapy in Ratbite Fever , JAMA 127:270, 1945.Crossref 58. Larson, C. L.: Ratbite Fever in Washington, DC, Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus , Public Health Rep 56:1961, 1941.Crossref 59. Buddingh, G. J.: Experimental Infection With Streptobacillus moniliformis Producing Arthritis in Chick Embryos , J Exp Med 80:59, 1944.Crossref 60. Burke, W. A.; Kwong, O.; and Halpern, R.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis: Report of Two Cases , Calif Med 91:356, 1959. 61. Litterer, W.: Study of Streptothrix Isolated in Two Cases of Ratbite Fever , Trans Sect Path Physiol AMA 1917, pp 275. 62. Tileston, W.: Etiology and Treatment of Ratbite Fever , JAMA 66:995, 1916.Crossref 63. Scharles, F. H., and Seastone, C. F., Jr.: Haverhill Fever Following Ratbite , New Eng J Med 211: 711, 1934.Crossref 64. Allbritten, F. F.; Sheely, R. F.; and Jeffers, M. A.: Haverhilia multiformis: Its Etiologic and Clinical Relationship to Haverhill and Ratbite Fevers , JAMA 114:2360, 1940. 65. Hart, A. D., Jr.: Haverhill Fever Following Ratbite , Virginia Med Monthly 68:582, 1941. 66. Beach, M. W., and Ravenal, B. O.: Sodoku Ratbite Fever: Report of Case , Arch Pediat 58:685, 1941. 67. Farrell, E.; Lordi, G. H.; and Vogel, J.: Haverhill Fever: Report of Case With Review of Literature , Arch Intern Med 64:1, 1939.Crossref 68. Blake, F. G.; Horstmann, D. M.; and Arnold, H.: Ratbite Fever: Fatal Case Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Yale J Biol Med 16:589, 1944. 69. Anderson, N. P., and Spector, B. K.: Ratbite Fever Associated With Sporothrix , J Infect Dis 50: 344, 1932.Crossref 70. Frank, W. P., and Bower, A. G.: Ratbite Fever: Response to Streptomycin Therapy , Calif Med 74:42, 1951. 71. Dawson, M. H., and Hobby, G. L.: Ratbite Fever , Trans Assoc Amer Physicians 54:329, 1939. 72. Labensky, A.: Penicillin in Ratbite Fever: Case Report , Conn Med 10:557, 1946. 73. Robins, G.: Haverhill Fever Following Rat Bite Treated With Penicillin , Clinics 3:425, 1944. 74. Wheeler, W. E.: Treatment of Ratbite Fevers with Penicillin , Amer J Dis Child 69:215, 1945. 75. Levin, B., and Civin, H. W.: Streptobacillus moniliformis Bacteremia With Minor Clinical Manifestations , Arch Intern Med 80:53, 1947.Crossref 76. Clinical Conference: Case of Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 33:507, 1948. 77. Lominski, I. R. W.; Henderson, A. S.; and McNee, J. W.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Brit Med J 2:510, 1948.Crossref 78. O'Connell, W. F., and Watkins, C. G.: Streptobacillary Ratbite Fever in North Carolina , Carolina Med J 10:19, 1949. 79. Griffith, R. L., and McNaughton, D. W.: Report of Case of Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Public Health Rep 68:947, 1953. 80. Waterson, A. P., and Wedgwood, J.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Case Due to Actinomyces muris , Lancet 1:472, 1953.Crossref 81. Winternitz, W. W.: Ratbite Fever , Conn Med J 20:778, 1956. 82. Reddy, H. L.: Ratbite Fever , Canad Med Assoc J 14:741, 1924. 83. Dembo, L. H., et al: Ratbite Fever: Clinical Review With Report of Case , Amer J Dis Child 29: 182, 1925.Crossref 84. Lanford, J. A., and Lawson, E. H.: Etiology of Ratbite Fever: Preliminary Report , New Orleans Med Surg J 77:349-352 ( (March) ) 1925. 85. Ward, J. L.: Ratbite Fever: Case Report , Southern Med J 19:182, 1926.Crossref 86. Leadingham, R. S.: Ratbite Fever , J Med Assoc Georgia 17:16, 1928. 87. Francis, E.: Ratbite Fever and Relapsing Fever in United States , Trans Assoc Amer Physicians 47: 143, 1932. 88. Melanson, H. P.: Case of Ratbite Fever , Canad Med Assoc J 28:656, 1933. 89. Stewart, R. C.: Ratbite Fever in Canada , Canad Med Assoc J 28:608, 1933. 90. Koerber, G. E.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Case , Calif Western Med 42:31, 1935. 91. Marshall, T. J.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Three Cases , Arch Pediat 53:664, 1936. 92. Wooley, P. V., Jr.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Case With Serologic Observations , J Pediat 8:693, 1936.Crossref 93. Bloch, O., and Baldock, H.: Case of Ratbite Fever With Demonstrations of Spirillum minus , J Pediat 10:358, 1937.Crossref 94. Gilkey, H. M., and Dennie, C. C.: Ratbite Fever in Children , Southern Med J 32:1109, 1939.Crossref 95. Burk, S. B., and Hodas, J. H.: Ratbite Fever: Case Report , Amer J Surg 60:453, 1943.Crossref 96. Rogliano, A. G.: Two Cases of Ratbite Fever , Surgery 11:632, 1942. 97. Wooley, P. V., Jr.: Miscellaneous Notes on Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 19:513, 1941.Crossref 98. Zahorsky, P.: Discussion of paper by Ward, 85, 1926. 99. Shattuch, G. S., and Theiler, M.: Ratbite Disease in United States With Report of Case , Amer J Trop Med 4:453, 1924. 100. Packchanian, A., and Sweet, L. K.: Ratbite Fever in Washington, D.C.: Report of First Proved Case , Med Ann DC 10:95, 1941. 101. Porter, J. E., and Foster, T. A.: Ratbite Fever , J Maine Med Assoc 37:93, 1946. 102. Frank, L., and Perlman, H. H.: Ratbite Fever Caused by Spirillum minus Treated With Penicillin , Arch Derm Syph 57:261, 1948.Crossref 103. Farquhar, J. W.: Personal communication to the author, February, 1959. 104. Stuart-Harris, C. H., et al: Four Cases of Infectious Endocarditis Due to Organisms Similar to Hemophilus inflenzae and One Case Due to Pleomorphic Streptobacillus , J Path Bact 41:407, 1935.Crossref 105. Rountree, P. M., and Rohan, M.: Fatal Human Infection With Streptobacillus moniliformis , Med J Aust 28:359, 1941. 106. Priest, W. S.; Smith, J. M.; and McGee, C. J.: Penicillin Therapy of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis , Arch Intern Med 79:333, 1947.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

Antimicrobial Therapy of Ratbite Fever: A Review

ROUGHGARDEN, JEAN W.
Archives of Internal Medicine , Volume 116 (1) – Jul 1, 1965
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References (131)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1965 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-9926
eISSN
1538-3679
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1965.03870010041007
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Abstract

Abstract RATBITE fever is an acute illness caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus, and characterized by chills, rash, and intermittent or relapsing fever. Arthritis or a local lesion at the bite-site, usually associated with regional lymphadenopathy, may also occur with the onset of other symptoms, depending upon the causative organism involved. Although penicillin is accepted as the treatment of choice for the disease, no agreement can be found in the literature concerning the most desirable dosage and duration of therapy. This paper reports a case of streptobacillary-ratbite fever successfully treated with penicillin. Previous American, Canadian, and British experience with cases in which the causative microorganisms were clearly demonstrated are reviewed, and the therapeutic programs used have been compared with the results achieved in an attempt to determine optimal management with antimicrobials now available. Report of a Case A 38-year-old white male radioisotope laboratory technician was admitted to the medical service References 1. Wilcox, W.: Violent Symptoms From Bite of Rat , Amer J Med Sci 26:245, 1839. 2. Bayne-Jones, S.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Case With Demonstration of Causative Organism and Its Use in Treatment of Paresis , New York J Med 27: 1113, 1927. 3. Beeson, P. B.: Problem of Etiology of Ratbite Fever: Report of Two Cases Due to Spirillum minus , JAMA 123:332, 1943.Crossref 4. Blake, F. C.: Etiology of Ratbite Fever , J Exp Med 23:39, 1916.Crossref 5. Brown, T. M., and Nunemaker, J. C.: Ratbite Fever: Review of American Cases With Re-evaluation of Its Etiology and Report of Cases , Bull Hopkins Hosp 70:201, 1942. 6. Watkins, C. G.: Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 28:429, 1946.Crossref 7. Futaki, K., et al: Spirillum moris muris, N. Sp.: Cause of Ratbite Fever , J Exp Med 25:33, 1917.Crossref 8. Robertson, A.: Causal Organism of Rat-Bite Fever in Man , Ann Trop Med 18:157, 1924. 9. Levaditi, C.; Nicolau, S.; and Poincloux, P.: Sur le rôle étiologique de Streptobacillus moniliformis (nov. spec.) dans l'erythème polymorphe aigu septicemique , C R Acad Sci 180:1188, 1925. 10. Breed, R. S.; Murray, E. G. D.; and Smith, N.: "Bergey's" Manual of Determinative Bacteriology , ed 7, Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1957, pp 256, 451. 11. Jawetz, E.; Melnick, J. L.; and Adelberg, E. A.: Review of Medical Microbiology , ed 2, Los Altos, Calif: Lange Medical Publications, 1956, pp 190, 202. 12. Place, E. H., and Sutton, L. E.: Erythema arthriticum epidemicum (Haverhill Fever) , Arch Intern Med 54:659, 1934.Crossref 13. Dolman, C. E., et al: Two Cases of Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Canad J Public Health 42:228, 1951. 14. Richter, C. P.: Incidence of Ratbites and Ratbite Fever in Baltimore , JAMA 128:324, 1945.Crossref 15. Strangeways, W. I.: Rats as Carriers of Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Path Bact 37:47, 1933.Crossref 16. Tunnicliff, R.: Streptothrix in Bronchopneumonia of Rats Similar to That of Ratbite Fever , J Infect Dis 19:767, 1916.Crossref 17. McDermott, E. W.: Ratbite Fever: Study of Experimental Disease With Critical Review of Literature , Quart J Med 21:433, 1927-1928. 18. Donaho, C. R.; Scott, E. G.; and Flanders, J. F.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Delaware Med J 20:11, 1948. 19. Hamburger, M., and Knowles, H. C.: Streptobacillus moniliformis Infection Complicated by Acute Bacterial Endocarditis , Arch Intern Med 92:216, 1953.Crossref 20. Farquhar, J. W.; Edmunds, P. N.; and Tilley, J. B.: Sodoku in Child: Result of Mousebite , Lancet 2:1211, 1958.Crossref 21. Jellison, W. L., et al: Ratbite Fever in Montana , Public Health Rep 64:1661, 1949.Crossref 22. Rietzel, R. J.; Haim, A.; and Prindle, K.: Ratbite Fever From Field Mouse , JAMA 106:1090, 1936.Crossref 23. Jenkinson, H. R., and Jordan, C. F.: Case of Ratbite Fever Caused by Bite of Wild Mouse , J Iowa Med Soc 22:31, 1932. 24. Dick, G. F., and Tunnicliff, R.: Streptothrix Isolated From Blood of Patient Bitten by Weasel , J Infect Dis 23:183, 1918. 25. Ripley, H. S., and Van Sant, H. M.: Ratbite Fever Acquired From Dog , JAMA 102:1917, 1934.Crossref 26. Mock, H. E., and Morrow, A. R.: Ratbite Fever Transmitted by Catbite , Illinois Med J 61:67, 1932. 27. Collier, G.: Ratbite Fever Complicated With Pneumonia: Case Report , Dallas Med J 27:83, 1941. 28. Tunnicliff, R., and Meyer, K. M.: Case of Ratbite Fever , J Infect Dis 23:555, 1918. 29. Stokes, J. F.; Gray, I. R.; and Stokes, E. J.: Actinomyces muris Endocarditis Treated With Chloramphenicol , Brit Heart J 13:247, 1951.Crossref 30. Hazard, J. B., and Goodkind, B.: Haverhill Fever (Erythema arthriticum epidemicum) , JAMA 99:534, 1932.Crossref 31. Schwartzmann, G., et al: Repeated Recovery of Spirillum by Blood Culture From Two Children With Prolonged and Recurrent Fevers , Pediatrics 8:227, 1951. 32. Walker, H.: Ratbite Fever: Report of Two Cases , Virginia Med Monthly 64:272, 1937.Crossref 33. McDermott, W.; Leask, M. M.; and Benoit, M.: Streptobacillus moniliformis as Cause of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis: Case Treated With Penicillin , Ann Intern Med 23:414, 1945.Crossref 34. Petersen, E. S., et al: Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , JAMA 144:621, 1950.Crossref 35. Heilman, F. R.: Chemotherapy in Experimental Infections Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , Science 91:366, 1940.Crossref 36. Smith, C. D., and Sampson, C. C.: Studies of Streptobacillus moniliformis From Case of Human Ratbite Fever , Amer J Med Techn 26:47, 1960. 37. Brooksaler, F.: Penicillin Therapy in Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 17:442, 1945.Crossref 38. Hayes, E. R.; Kidd, E. G.; and Cowan, D. W.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Lancet 70:394, 1950. 39. Kilham, L.: Infection Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , New Eng J Med 236:969, 1947.Crossref 40. Leadingham, R. S.: Ratbite Fever (Sodoku): Report of Five Cases , Amer J Clin Path 8:333, 1938. 41. Weber, R. A., and Favour, C. B.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis Treated With Penicillin , Bull Hopkins Hosp 77:132, 1945. 42. Toren, D. A.: Mycotic Ratbite Fever: Report of Case , Delaware Med J 25:334, 1953. 43. Tani, T., and Takano, S.: Prevention of Borrelia Duttonii, Trypanosoma gambionse, Spirillum minus and Treponema pallidum Infections Conveyable Through Transfusion , Jap J Med Sci Biol 11:407,1958.Crossref 44. Hitzig, W. M., and Liebesman, A.: Subacute Endocarditis Associated With Infection With Spirillum , Arch Intern Med 73:415, 1944.Crossref 45. Robertson, A.: Spirillum minus Carter, 1887: Aetiological Agents of Rat-Bite Fever: Review , Ann Trop Med 24:367, 1930. 46. Greengard, J., and Hess, E. R.: Ratbite Fever in Infant Bitten at Age 11 Days , JAMA 116:2393, 1941.Crossref 47. Rosen, E., and Denzer, B. S.: Ratbite Fever Caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Pediat 24: 544, 1944.Crossref 48. Prouty, M., and Schaefer, E. L.: Periarteritis Nodosa Associated With Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , J Pediat 36:605, 1950.Crossref 49. Kane, F. F.: Letter to editor , Lancet 2:548, 1944.Crossref 50. Lourie, E. M., and Collier, H. O. T.: Therapeutic Action of Penicillin on Spirochaeta recurrentis and Spirillum minus in Mice , Ann Trop Med 37:200-205 ( (Dec) ) 1943. 51. Heilman, F. R., and Herrel, W. C.: Penicillin in Treatment of Experimental Infections With Spirillum minus and Streptobacillus moniliformis , Proc Mayo Clin 19:257, 1944. 52. Sprecher, M., and Copland, F.: Haverhill Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis Treated With Streptomycin , JAMA 134:1014, 1947.Crossref 53. Sen, S.; Basu, B. C.; and Banerjee, D.: Streptomycin and Terramycin in Treatment of Rat-Bite Fever Due to Spirillum minus , Indian Med Gaz 89:3, 1954. 54. Fontan, A., et al: Sodoku chez deux enfants de 15 mois et 13 ans; quérison par l'aureomycine , Arch Franc Pediat 8:326, 1951. 55. Dodd, K.: Isolated Case of Erythema arthriticum epidemicum , Boston Med Surg J 194:633, 1926.Crossref 56. Witzberger, C. M., and Cohen, H. G.: Ratbite Fever: Comparison of Spirochetal and Bacillary Forms , Arch Pediat 61:123, 1944. 57. Altemeier, W. A.; Snyder, H.; and Howe, G.: Penicillin Therapy in Ratbite Fever , JAMA 127:270, 1945.Crossref 58. Larson, C. L.: Ratbite Fever in Washington, DC, Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis and Spirillum minus , Public Health Rep 56:1961, 1941.Crossref 59. Buddingh, G. J.: Experimental Infection With Streptobacillus moniliformis Producing Arthritis in Chick Embryos , J Exp Med 80:59, 1944.Crossref 60. Burke, W. A.; Kwong, O.; and Halpern, R.: Ratbite Fever Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis: Report of Two Cases , Calif Med 91:356, 1959. 61. Litterer, W.: Study of Streptothrix Isolated in Two Cases of Ratbite Fever , Trans Sect Path Physiol AMA 1917, pp 275. 62. Tileston, W.: Etiology and Treatment of Ratbite Fever , JAMA 66:995, 1916.Crossref 63. Scharles, F. H., and Seastone, C. F., Jr.: Haverhill Fever Following Ratbite , New Eng J Med 211: 711, 1934.Crossref 64. Allbritten, F. F.; Sheely, R. F.; and Jeffers, M. A.: Haverhilia multiformis: Its Etiologic and Clinical Relationship to Haverhill and Ratbite Fevers , JAMA 114:2360, 1940. 65. Hart, A. D., Jr.: Haverhill Fever Following Ratbite , Virginia Med Monthly 68:582, 1941. 66. Beach, M. W., and Ravenal, B. O.: Sodoku Ratbite Fever: Report of Case , Arch Pediat 58:685, 1941. 67. Farrell, E.; Lordi, G. H.; and Vogel, J.: Haverhill Fever: Report of Case With Review of Literature , Arch Intern Med 64:1, 1939.Crossref 68. Blake, F. G.; Horstmann, D. M.; and Arnold, H.: Ratbite Fever: Fatal Case Due to Streptobacillus moniliformis , Yale J Biol Med 16:589, 1944. 69. Anderson, N. P., and Spector, B. K.: Ratbite Fever Associated With Sporothrix , J Infect Dis 50: 344, 1932.Crossref 70. Frank, W. P., and Bower, A. G.: Ratbite Fever: Response to Streptomycin Therapy , Calif Med 74:42, 1951. 71. Dawson, M. H., and Hobby, G. L.: Ratbite Fever , Trans Assoc Amer Physicians 54:329, 1939. 72. Labensky, A.: Penicillin in Ratbite Fever: Case Report , Conn Med 10:557, 1946. 73. Robins, G.: Haverhill Fever Following Rat Bite Treated With Penicillin , Clinics 3:425, 1944. 74. Wheeler, W. E.: Treatment of Ratbite Fevers with Penicillin , Amer J Dis Child 69:215, 1945. 75. Levin, B., and Civin, H. W.: Streptobacillus moniliformis Bacteremia With Minor Clinical Manifestations , Arch Intern Med 80:53, 1947.Crossref 76. Clinical Conference: Case of Ratbite Fever , J Pediat 33:507, 1948. 77. Lominski, I. R. W.; Henderson, A. 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Journal

Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1965

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