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Hypoxia of Abnormal Physiologic Origin as the Final Common Pathway in Gastroduodenal Ulcer Genesis

Hypoxia of Abnormal Physiologic Origin as the Final Common Pathway in Gastroduodenal Ulcer Genesis Abstract In this era, thinking about the problem of gastroduodenal ulcer genesis is likely to prove more profitable than investigation. The investigative work has been prolific for more than a century, and, if enthusiasm, expense, and man-hours spent are factors which bear on the success of research, it is fair to assume that the answer is already in, unrecognized as such, among the archives. It cannot be said, however, that the history of ulcer research has been marked by especially productive synthesis of the great mass of clinical, pathologic, and pathophysiologic information which has turned up. Continuous review of available data in the light of new concepts is of paramount importance in ulcer research. The following summarizes current understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the native arteriovenous shunt system of the gastroduodenum, the mechanism which controls mucosal blood flow, as they may pertain to the genesis of gastroduodenal ulcer. It References 1. Allen, R. A., and Dahlin, D. C.: Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: Report of 2 Cases , Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin. 29:429, 1954. 2. Amarante Júnior: Quelques aspects de la vascularisation de l'estomac ulcéré , Arch. mal. app. digest. 44:1258, 1955. 3. Aron, E., and Sabassier, H.: Recherches sur les résultats expérimentaux récents concernant la pathogénie vasculaire de l'ulcère , Arch. mal. app. digest. 43:1171, 1954. 4. Barclay, A. E., and Bentley, F. H.: The Vascularisation of the Human Stomach: A Pre- liminary Note on the Shunting Effect of Trauma , Gastroenterology 12:177,1949 5. Brit. J. Radiol. 22: 62, 1949.Crossref 6. Barlow, T. E.; Bentley, F. H., and Walder, D. N.: Arteries, Veins, and Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Human Stomach , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 93:657, 1951. 7. Basu Mallik, K. C.: An Experimental Study of the Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcers Produced by Pilocarpine , J. Path. & Bact. 70:315, 1955. 8. Benjamin, H. B.: The Neurovascular Mechanism of the Mucous Membrane of the Stomach , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 93: 672, 1951. 9. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M., and Zeit, W.: Intragastric Temperature: Its Variations in Gastric Ulcers , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 97:19, 1953. 10. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M., and Zeit, W.: Bentyl Hydrochloride Effect on Intragastric Temperature—Normal Subjects , Am. J. Gastroenterol , 22:387, 1954. 11. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M.; Zeit, W.; Pisciotta, A. V., and Ausman, R. K.: Intragastric Temperatures in the Achlorhydric Patient , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 100:566, 1955. 12. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M.; Zeit, W., and Ausman, R.: Thermogenesis During Surgical Anesthesia , Rev. canad. biol. 15:95, 1956. 13. Bentley, H. F.: An Arteriovenous Shunt in the Stomach Wall , Gastroenterologia 75:31, 1949. 14. Berg, M.: Experimental Studies on the Production of Peptic Ulcers by Vasomotor Alterations (Pitressin Episodes) , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 7:78, 1940. 15. Berg, M.: Experimental Peptic Ulcerations by Vasomotor Episodes (Pitressin Episodes) and Autonomic Disturbances , Arch. Path. 33:636, 1942. 16. Berg, B. N.: Vascular Changes in the Mucosa in Experimental Nutritional Gastritis , Gastroenterology 7:340, 1946. 17. von Bergmann, G.: Ulcus duodeni und vegetatives Nervensystem , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 50:2374, 1913. 18. Boles, R. S.; Riggs, H. E., and Griffiths, J. O.: The Role of the Circulation in the Production of Peptic Ulcer , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 6:632, 1939. 19. de Busscher, G.: Le Rôle joué par les couches musculaires dans la distribution du sang dans la paroi gastrique , Acta gastro-enterol. belg. 9:545, 1946. 20. de Busscher, G.: Les anastomoses artério-veineuses de l'estomac , Acta Neerl. morphol. norm. et path. 6:87, 1948. 21. Clara, M.: Die arterio-venösen Anastomosen: Anatomie, Biologie und Pathologie , Ed. 2, Wein, Springer-Verlag, 1956, p. 315. 22. Clark, E. R.: Arterio-Venous Anastomoses , Physiol. Rev. 18:229, 1938. 23. Conti, G., and Passarelli, L.: Contributo alla conoscenza dell'esofago umano , Arch. chir. torace 8:269, 1951. 24. Crane, W. A. J.: Histological and Arteriographic Studies on Pitressin Lesions of the Rabbit's Stomach , J. Path. & Bact. 67:379, 1954. 25. Curri, S. B., and Tischendorf, F.: Richerche sperimentali sull'istofisiologia e istopatologia delle anastomosi arterovenose: Asservazioni in vivo sul padiglione dell'orecchio del coniglio , Riv. anat. pat. e onc. 10:741, 1955. 26. Demin, V. N.: Glomus Tumor of the Stomach , Vopr. onkol. 1:113, 1955 (original not seen). 27. Disse: Über die Blutgefässe der menschlichen Magenschleimhaut, besonders über die Arterien derselben , Arch. mikr. Anat. 63:512, 1904. 28. Djørup, F.: Untersuchungen über die feinere topographische Verteilung der Arterien in den verschiedenen Schichten des menschlichen Magens , Ztschr. ges. Anat. 64:279, 1922. 29. Grace, W. J.; Wolf, S., and Wolff, H. G.: The Human Colon: An Experimental Study Based on Direct Observation of 4 Fistulous Subjects , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc. (medical book department of Harper & Brothers), 1951, p. 229. 30. Grayson, J.: Observations on Blood Flow in Human Intestine , Brit. M. J. 2:1465, 1950. 31. Hauser, G.: Die peptischen Schädigungen des Magens, des Duodenums, und der Speiseröhre und das peptische postoperative Jejunalgeschwür , in Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie , edited by F. Henke and O. Lubarsch, Berlin, Springer-Verlag. 1926, Vol. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 339-811. 32. Herzog, W.: Zur Gefässhistologie des Magens und Zwölffingerdarmes beim Ulcus ventriculi und duodeni , Beitr. klin. Chir. 184:74, 1952. 33. Herzog, W.: Sur la Pathogénie vasculaire de l'ulcère gastro-duodénal , Arch. mal. app. digest. 42:1240, 1953. 34. Herzog, W.: Gefässveränderungen beim Ulcus ventriculi und duodeni , Beitr. klin. Chir. 188:236, 1954. 35. Hofmann, L., and Nather, K.: Zur Anatomie der Magenarterien: Ein Beitrag zur Aetiologie des chronischen Magengeschwüres und seiner chirurgischen Behandlung , Arch. klin. Chir. 115:650, 1921. 36. Jávor, T., and Varró, V.: Experimental Observations During the Development of Cinchophen Ulcer in Dogs , Gastroenterology 32: 119, 1957. 37. Kay, S.; Callahan, W. P., Jr.; Murray, M. R.; Randall, H. T., and Stout, A. P.: Glomus Tumors of the Stomach , Cancer 4:726, 1951. 38. Khalil, H. A.: A Histopathological Study of the Minute Vasculature of the Peptic Gastric Ulcer , J. Egyptian M. A. 39:57, 1956. 39. Kimbel, K. H.; Kinzlmeier, H., and Henning, N.: Untersuchungen zur Magendurchblutung: I. Versuche mit radioaktivem Phosphor , Gastroenterologia 82:317, 1954. 40. Konjetzny, G. E.: Die Geschwürsbildung in Magen, Duodenum und Jejunum: Entstehungsbedingungen und Entwicklungsgang , Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1947, p. 213. 41. Kostina, L. I.: Glomangioblastoma zheludka , Tr. Akad. med. nauk SSSR 21:16, 1952 (original not seen). 42. Mannix, A. J., Jr.; Schraft, W. C.; Reed, W. P., and Adie, G. C.: Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: Case Report , Surgery 37:473, 1955. 43. Masuda, H.; Ohara, M., and Katsura, S.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Response of Intragastric Temperature to Various Drugs , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 57:129 and 137, 1953. 44. Masuda, H.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Response of Intragastric Temperature to Histamine , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 58:39, 1953. 45. Masuda, H.; Ohara, M., and Katsura, S.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Influence of Cold Bathing on Intragastric Temperature , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 58:49, 1953.Crossref 46. Masuda, H.; Ohara, M., and Katsura, S.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Relation of Intragastric Temperature to Gastric Secretion , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 58:57, 1953.Crossref 47. Menegaux, G.; Gouygou, C.; Courtois-Suffit, M., and Détrie, P.: Hématémèses par dysfonctionnement des anastomoses artério-veineuses de la paroi gastrique , Presse méd. 61: 1328, 1953. 48. Miller, E. B., and Haszczyc, V. A.: Gastric Mucosal Capillaries in the Human , Arch. Surg. 73:465, 1956.Crossref 49. Mogena, H. G.: A Propos du facteur vasculaire de l'ulcère , Arch. mal. app. digest. 42: 1221, 1953. 50. Morris, W. R.: A Note on the Occurrence of an Arterio-Venous Anastomosis in the Human Oesophagus , New Zealand M. J. 54:690, 1955. 51. Moyson, F., and de Scoville, A.: Diagnostic et traitement des hémorragies digestives aiguës , Acta chir. belg. , (Supp. 1) , p. 3, 1955. 52. Necheles, H.: The Phenomenon of Peptic Ulcer , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 16:237, 1949.Crossref 53. Nedzel, A. J.: Experimental Gastric Ulcer (Pitressin Episodes) , Arch. Path. 26:988, 1938. 54. Ophüls, W.: The Relation of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer to Vascular Lesions , Arch. Int. Med. 11:469, 1913.Crossref 55. Palmer, E. D., and Buchanan, D. P.: On the Ischemic Basis of "Peptic" Ulcer: I. Historical Definition of Present Status , Ann. Int. Med. 38: 1187, 1953.Crossref 56. Pompeiano, O.: Anastomosi arterio-venose ed altri dispositivi vascolari regolatori del circolo nel duodeno , Arch. ital. anat. e istol. pat. 23:225, 1950. 57. Reeves, T. B.: A Study of the Arteries Supplying the Stomach and Duodenum and Their Relation to Ulcer , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 30:374, 1920. 58. Richards, C. H.; Wolf, S., and Wolff, H. G.: The Measurement and Recording of Gastrointestinal Blood Flow in Man by Means of a Thermal Gradientometer , J. Clin. Invest. 21:551, 1942. 59. Schumacher, S.: Über das Glomus coccygicum des Menschen und die Glomeruli caudales der Säugetiere , Arch. mikr. Anat. 71:58, 1907. 60. Schumacher, S.: Über die Bedeutung der arteriovenösen Anastomosen und der epithelioden Muskelzellen (Quellzellen) , Ztschr. mikr.-anat. Forsch. 43:107, 1938. 61. Sherman, J. L., Jr., and Newman, S.: Functioning Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Stomach and Duodenum , Am. J. Physiol. 179:279, 1954. 62. Sherman, J. L., Jr.: The Final Common Pathway in Ulcer Genesis , U. S. Armed Forces M. J. 7:1001, 1956. 63. Spängler, H.: Über ein Angioneuromyom (Glomustumor) des Magens und andere neurogene Geschwülste des Magen-Darmtraktes , Chirurg 24: 181, 1953. 64. Spanner, R.: Die arteriovenösen Anastomosen , Fortschr. diag. Therap. 1:1, 1950. 65. Staubesand, J.: Über die Entstehung "intravasaler Apparate," Verhandl. anat. Gesellsch. 52: 240, 1954. 66. Staubesand, J.: Zur Problematik der sogenannten Polsterarterien in der Magenwand , Beitr. klin. Chir. 190:367, 1955. 67. Virchow, R.: Historisches, Kritisches und Positives zur Lehre der Unterleibsaffektionen , Arch. path. Anat. 5:632, 1853. 68. Walder, D. N.: Arteriovenous Anastomosis in the Stomach Wall: Preliminary Communication , Lancet 1:162, 1950.Crossref 69. Walder, D. N.: Arteriovenous Anastomoses of the Human Stomach , Clin. Sc. 11:59, 1952. 70. Walder, D. N.: The Vascularisation of the Stomach in Relation to the Aetiology of Peptic Ulcer , Gastroenterologia 81:66, 1954.Crossref 71. Wilkie, D. P. D.: The Blood Supply of the Duodenum, with Special Reference to the Supraduodenal Artery , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 13:399, 1911. 72. Wolf, S., and Wolff, H. G.: Human Gastric Function: An Experimental Study of a Man and His Stomach , New York, Oxford University Press, 1947, p. 251. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

Hypoxia of Abnormal Physiologic Origin as the Final Common Pathway in Gastroduodenal Ulcer Genesis

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References (44)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1958 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0888-2479
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1958.00260180096010
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Abstract

Abstract In this era, thinking about the problem of gastroduodenal ulcer genesis is likely to prove more profitable than investigation. The investigative work has been prolific for more than a century, and, if enthusiasm, expense, and man-hours spent are factors which bear on the success of research, it is fair to assume that the answer is already in, unrecognized as such, among the archives. It cannot be said, however, that the history of ulcer research has been marked by especially productive synthesis of the great mass of clinical, pathologic, and pathophysiologic information which has turned up. Continuous review of available data in the light of new concepts is of paramount importance in ulcer research. The following summarizes current understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the native arteriovenous shunt system of the gastroduodenum, the mechanism which controls mucosal blood flow, as they may pertain to the genesis of gastroduodenal ulcer. It References 1. Allen, R. A., and Dahlin, D. C.: Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: Report of 2 Cases , Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin. 29:429, 1954. 2. Amarante Júnior: Quelques aspects de la vascularisation de l'estomac ulcéré , Arch. mal. app. digest. 44:1258, 1955. 3. Aron, E., and Sabassier, H.: Recherches sur les résultats expérimentaux récents concernant la pathogénie vasculaire de l'ulcère , Arch. mal. app. digest. 43:1171, 1954. 4. Barclay, A. E., and Bentley, F. H.: The Vascularisation of the Human Stomach: A Pre- liminary Note on the Shunting Effect of Trauma , Gastroenterology 12:177,1949 5. Brit. J. Radiol. 22: 62, 1949.Crossref 6. Barlow, T. E.; Bentley, F. H., and Walder, D. N.: Arteries, Veins, and Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Human Stomach , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 93:657, 1951. 7. Basu Mallik, K. C.: An Experimental Study of the Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcers Produced by Pilocarpine , J. Path. & Bact. 70:315, 1955. 8. Benjamin, H. B.: The Neurovascular Mechanism of the Mucous Membrane of the Stomach , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 93: 672, 1951. 9. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M., and Zeit, W.: Intragastric Temperature: Its Variations in Gastric Ulcers , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 97:19, 1953. 10. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M., and Zeit, W.: Bentyl Hydrochloride Effect on Intragastric Temperature—Normal Subjects , Am. J. Gastroenterol , 22:387, 1954. 11. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M.; Zeit, W.; Pisciotta, A. V., and Ausman, R. K.: Intragastric Temperatures in the Achlorhydric Patient , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 100:566, 1955. 12. Benjamin, H. B.; Wagner, M.; Zeit, W., and Ausman, R.: Thermogenesis During Surgical Anesthesia , Rev. canad. biol. 15:95, 1956. 13. Bentley, H. F.: An Arteriovenous Shunt in the Stomach Wall , Gastroenterologia 75:31, 1949. 14. Berg, M.: Experimental Studies on the Production of Peptic Ulcers by Vasomotor Alterations (Pitressin Episodes) , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 7:78, 1940. 15. Berg, M.: Experimental Peptic Ulcerations by Vasomotor Episodes (Pitressin Episodes) and Autonomic Disturbances , Arch. Path. 33:636, 1942. 16. Berg, B. N.: Vascular Changes in the Mucosa in Experimental Nutritional Gastritis , Gastroenterology 7:340, 1946. 17. von Bergmann, G.: Ulcus duodeni und vegetatives Nervensystem , Berl. klin. Wchnschr. 50:2374, 1913. 18. Boles, R. S.; Riggs, H. E., and Griffiths, J. O.: The Role of the Circulation in the Production of Peptic Ulcer , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 6:632, 1939. 19. de Busscher, G.: Le Rôle joué par les couches musculaires dans la distribution du sang dans la paroi gastrique , Acta gastro-enterol. belg. 9:545, 1946. 20. de Busscher, G.: Les anastomoses artério-veineuses de l'estomac , Acta Neerl. morphol. norm. et path. 6:87, 1948. 21. Clara, M.: Die arterio-venösen Anastomosen: Anatomie, Biologie und Pathologie , Ed. 2, Wein, Springer-Verlag, 1956, p. 315. 22. Clark, E. R.: Arterio-Venous Anastomoses , Physiol. Rev. 18:229, 1938. 23. Conti, G., and Passarelli, L.: Contributo alla conoscenza dell'esofago umano , Arch. chir. torace 8:269, 1951. 24. Crane, W. A. J.: Histological and Arteriographic Studies on Pitressin Lesions of the Rabbit's Stomach , J. Path. & Bact. 67:379, 1954. 25. Curri, S. B., and Tischendorf, F.: Richerche sperimentali sull'istofisiologia e istopatologia delle anastomosi arterovenose: Asservazioni in vivo sul padiglione dell'orecchio del coniglio , Riv. anat. pat. e onc. 10:741, 1955. 26. Demin, V. N.: Glomus Tumor of the Stomach , Vopr. onkol. 1:113, 1955 (original not seen). 27. Disse: Über die Blutgefässe der menschlichen Magenschleimhaut, besonders über die Arterien derselben , Arch. mikr. Anat. 63:512, 1904. 28. Djørup, F.: Untersuchungen über die feinere topographische Verteilung der Arterien in den verschiedenen Schichten des menschlichen Magens , Ztschr. ges. Anat. 64:279, 1922. 29. Grace, W. J.; Wolf, S., and Wolff, H. G.: The Human Colon: An Experimental Study Based on Direct Observation of 4 Fistulous Subjects , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, Inc. (medical book department of Harper & Brothers), 1951, p. 229. 30. Grayson, J.: Observations on Blood Flow in Human Intestine , Brit. M. J. 2:1465, 1950. 31. Hauser, G.: Die peptischen Schädigungen des Magens, des Duodenums, und der Speiseröhre und das peptische postoperative Jejunalgeschwür , in Handbuch der speziellen pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie , edited by F. Henke and O. Lubarsch, Berlin, Springer-Verlag. 1926, Vol. 4, Pt. 1, pp. 339-811. 32. Herzog, W.: Zur Gefässhistologie des Magens und Zwölffingerdarmes beim Ulcus ventriculi und duodeni , Beitr. klin. Chir. 184:74, 1952. 33. Herzog, W.: Sur la Pathogénie vasculaire de l'ulcère gastro-duodénal , Arch. mal. app. digest. 42:1240, 1953. 34. Herzog, W.: Gefässveränderungen beim Ulcus ventriculi und duodeni , Beitr. klin. Chir. 188:236, 1954. 35. Hofmann, L., and Nather, K.: Zur Anatomie der Magenarterien: Ein Beitrag zur Aetiologie des chronischen Magengeschwüres und seiner chirurgischen Behandlung , Arch. klin. Chir. 115:650, 1921. 36. Jávor, T., and Varró, V.: Experimental Observations During the Development of Cinchophen Ulcer in Dogs , Gastroenterology 32: 119, 1957. 37. Kay, S.; Callahan, W. P., Jr.; Murray, M. R.; Randall, H. T., and Stout, A. P.: Glomus Tumors of the Stomach , Cancer 4:726, 1951. 38. Khalil, H. A.: A Histopathological Study of the Minute Vasculature of the Peptic Gastric Ulcer , J. Egyptian M. A. 39:57, 1956. 39. Kimbel, K. H.; Kinzlmeier, H., and Henning, N.: Untersuchungen zur Magendurchblutung: I. Versuche mit radioaktivem Phosphor , Gastroenterologia 82:317, 1954. 40. Konjetzny, G. E.: Die Geschwürsbildung in Magen, Duodenum und Jejunum: Entstehungsbedingungen und Entwicklungsgang , Stuttgart, Ferdinand Enke, 1947, p. 213. 41. Kostina, L. I.: Glomangioblastoma zheludka , Tr. Akad. med. nauk SSSR 21:16, 1952 (original not seen). 42. Mannix, A. J., Jr.; Schraft, W. C.; Reed, W. P., and Adie, G. C.: Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: Case Report , Surgery 37:473, 1955. 43. Masuda, H.; Ohara, M., and Katsura, S.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Response of Intragastric Temperature to Various Drugs , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 57:129 and 137, 1953. 44. Masuda, H.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Response of Intragastric Temperature to Histamine , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 58:39, 1953. 45. Masuda, H.; Ohara, M., and Katsura, S.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Influence of Cold Bathing on Intragastric Temperature , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 58:49, 1953.Crossref 46. Masuda, H.; Ohara, M., and Katsura, S.: Studies on the Temperature of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Relation of Intragastric Temperature to Gastric Secretion , Tohoku J. Exper. Med. 58:57, 1953.Crossref 47. Menegaux, G.; Gouygou, C.; Courtois-Suffit, M., and Détrie, P.: Hématémèses par dysfonctionnement des anastomoses artério-veineuses de la paroi gastrique , Presse méd. 61: 1328, 1953. 48. Miller, E. B., and Haszczyc, V. A.: Gastric Mucosal Capillaries in the Human , Arch. Surg. 73:465, 1956.Crossref 49. Mogena, H. G.: A Propos du facteur vasculaire de l'ulcère , Arch. mal. app. digest. 42: 1221, 1953. 50. Morris, W. R.: A Note on the Occurrence of an Arterio-Venous Anastomosis in the Human Oesophagus , New Zealand M. J. 54:690, 1955. 51. Moyson, F., and de Scoville, A.: Diagnostic et traitement des hémorragies digestives aiguës , Acta chir. belg. , (Supp. 1) , p. 3, 1955. 52. Necheles, H.: The Phenomenon of Peptic Ulcer , Am. J. Digest. Dis. 16:237, 1949.Crossref 53. Nedzel, A. J.: Experimental Gastric Ulcer (Pitressin Episodes) , Arch. Path. 26:988, 1938. 54. Ophüls, W.: The Relation of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer to Vascular Lesions , Arch. Int. Med. 11:469, 1913.Crossref 55. Palmer, E. D., and Buchanan, D. P.: On the Ischemic Basis of "Peptic" Ulcer: I. Historical Definition of Present Status , Ann. Int. Med. 38: 1187, 1953.Crossref 56. Pompeiano, O.: Anastomosi arterio-venose ed altri dispositivi vascolari regolatori del circolo nel duodeno , Arch. ital. anat. e istol. pat. 23:225, 1950. 57. Reeves, T. B.: A Study of the Arteries Supplying the Stomach and Duodenum and Their Relation to Ulcer , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 30:374, 1920. 58. Richards, C. H.; Wolf, S., and Wolff, H. G.: The Measurement and Recording of Gastrointestinal Blood Flow in Man by Means of a Thermal Gradientometer , J. Clin. Invest. 21:551, 1942. 59. Schumacher, S.: Über das Glomus coccygicum des Menschen und die Glomeruli caudales der Säugetiere , Arch. mikr. Anat. 71:58, 1907. 60. Schumacher, S.: Über die Bedeutung der arteriovenösen Anastomosen und der epithelioden Muskelzellen (Quellzellen) , Ztschr. mikr.-anat. Forsch. 43:107, 1938. 61. Sherman, J. L., Jr., and Newman, S.: Functioning Arteriovenous Anastomoses in the Stomach and Duodenum , Am. J. Physiol. 179:279, 1954. 62. Sherman, J. L., Jr.: The Final Common Pathway in Ulcer Genesis , U. S. Armed Forces M. J. 7:1001, 1956. 63. Spängler, H.: Über ein Angioneuromyom (Glomustumor) des Magens und andere neurogene Geschwülste des Magen-Darmtraktes , Chirurg 24: 181, 1953. 64. Spanner, R.: Die arteriovenösen Anastomosen , Fortschr. diag. Therap. 1:1, 1950. 65. Staubesand, J.: Über die Entstehung "intravasaler Apparate," Verhandl. anat. Gesellsch. 52: 240, 1954. 66. Staubesand, J.: Zur Problematik der sogenannten Polsterarterien in der Magenwand , Beitr. klin. Chir. 190:367, 1955. 67. Virchow, R.: Historisches, Kritisches und Positives zur Lehre der Unterleibsaffektionen , Arch. path. Anat. 5:632, 1853. 68. Walder, D. N.: Arteriovenous Anastomosis in the Stomach Wall: Preliminary Communication , Lancet 1:162, 1950.Crossref 69. Walder, D. N.: Arteriovenous Anastomoses of the Human Stomach , Clin. Sc. 11:59, 1952. 70. Walder, D. N.: The Vascularisation of the Stomach in Relation to the Aetiology of Peptic Ulcer , Gastroenterologia 81:66, 1954.Crossref 71. Wilkie, D. P. D.: The Blood Supply of the Duodenum, with Special Reference to the Supraduodenal Artery , Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 13:399, 1911. 72. Wolf, S., and Wolff, H. G.: Human Gastric Function: An Experimental Study of a Man and His Stomach , New York, Oxford University Press, 1947, p. 251.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: Jun 1, 1958

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