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The Significance of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Plasma

The Significance of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Plasma Abstract Recent studies have clarified some aspects of fatty acid transport. The results promise to be of clinical importance, since fat, as a major energy source and as a component of body structure, plays a central role in chronic diseases of metabolism. For example, obesity can be conceived as an abnormal balance between the total amount of fatty acid stored in adipose tissue and its availability as substrate for working cells. Arteriosclerosis is characterized by abnormal deposits of fatty acid esters. Diabetes, although usually defined by high blood sugar, is in fact a general disturbance of metabolism, and its most dangerous complications can be traced to faulty handling of fatty acids. During the past few years a number of laboratories, including ours, have been studying a fatty acid fraction which is remarkable for both its speed of turnover and its close relation to the state of carbohydrate metabolism. This fraction, the References 1. Havel, R. J., and Fredrickson, D. S.: The Metabolism of Chylomicra: I. The Removal of Palmitic Acid-l-C" Labeled Chylomicra from Dog Plasma , J. Clin. Invest. 35:1025, 1956.Crossref 2. Dole, V. P.: The Transport of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Plasma, in Symposium on Chemistry of Lipides as Related to Atherosclerosis, Cleveland, May, 1957, edited by I. H. Page, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1958. 3. Dole, V. P.: A Relation Between Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Plasma and the Metabolism of Glucose , J. Clin. Invest. 35:150, 1956.Crossref 4. Gordon, R. S., Jr., and Cherkes, A.: Unesterified Fatty Acid in Human Blood Plasma , J. Clin. Invest. 35:206, 1956.Crossref 5. Bierman, E. L.; Roberts, T. N., and Dole, V. P.: Effect of Tolbutamide (Orinase) on Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 95:437, 1957. 6. Dole, V. P.: Fractionation of Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 93:532, 1956. 7. Dole, V. P., and James, A. T.: Unpublished observations. 8. Bierman, E. L.; Schwartz, I. L., and Dole, V. P.: Action of Insulin on Release of Fatty Acids from Tissue Stores , Am. J. Physiol. 191: 359, 1957. 9. Fredrickson, D. S.; McCollester, D. L.; Havel, R. J., and Ono, K.: The Early Steps in Transport and Metabolism of Exogenous Triglyceride and Cholesterol, in Symposium on Chemistry of Lipides as Related to Atherosclerosis, Cleveland, May, 1957, edited by I. H. Page, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1958. 10. Lossow, W. J., and Chaikoff, I. L.: Carbohydrate Sparing of Fatty Acid Oxidation: I. The Relation of Fatty Acid Chain Length to the Degree of Sparing; II. The Mechanism by Which Carbohydrate Spares the Oxidation of Palmitic Acid , Arch. Biochem. 57:23, 1955. 11. Dole, V. P.: Unpublished results. 12. Shapiro, B.; Chowers, I., and Rose, G.: Fatty Acid Uptake and Esterification in Adipose Tissue , Biochim. et biophys. acta 23:115, 1957. 13. Gordon, R. S., Jr.: Unesterified Fatty Acid in Human Blood Plasma: II. The Transport Function of Unesterified Fatty Acid , J. Clin. Invest. 36:810, 1957. 14. Gordon, R. S., Jr., and Cherkes, A.: Production of Unesterified Fatty acids from Isolated Rat Adipose Tissue Incubated in Vitro , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 97:150, 1958. 15. Davis, B. D., and Dubos, R. J.: The Binding of Fatty Acids by Serum Albumin, a Protective Growth Factor in Bacteriological Media , J. Exper. Med. 86:215, 1947. 16. Goodman, D. S.: The Interaction of Human Serum Albumin with Long Chain Fatty Acid Anions , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , to be published. 17. Rizack, M.; Schwartz, I. L., and Dole, V. P.: Unpublished results. 18. Stetten, D. W., Jr., and Boxer, G.: Studies in Carbohydrate Metabolism: III. Metabolic Defects in Alloxan Diabetes , J. Biol. Chem. 156:271, 1944. 19. Shaw, W. N.; Dituri, F., and Gurin, S.: Lipogenesis in Particle-Free Extracts of Rat Liver: II. Experimental Diabetes , J. Biol. Chem. 226:417, 1957. 20. Langdon, R. G.: The Requirement of Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide in Fatty Acid Synthesis , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77:5190, 1955. 21. Siperstein, M. D., and Fagan, V. M.: Role of Glycolysis in Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Synthesis in Normal and Diabetic Rats , Science 126: 1012, 1957. 22. Dole, V. P.: Fat Metabolism in Diabetes , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 34:21, 1958. 23. Laurell, S.: Plasma Free Fatty Acids in Diabetic Acidosis and Starvation, Letters to the Editor , Scandinav. J. Clin. & Lab. Invest. 8:81, 1956. 24. Bierman, E. L.; Dole, V. P., and Roberts, T. N.: An Abnormality of Nonesterified Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes 6:475, 1957. 25. Beatty, C. H., and West, E. S.: The Effect of Substances Related to the Tricarboxylic Cycle upon Ketosis , J. Biol. Chem. 190:603, 1951. 26. Oliver, T. H., and Haworth, A.: The Inter-Relationship of Blood-Fat and Blood-Sugar , Lancet 2:114, 1923. 27. Albrink, M. J.; Fitzgerald, J. R., and Man, E. B.: Effect of Glucagon on Alimentary Lipemia , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 95:778, 1957. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

The Significance of Nonesterified Fatty Acids in Plasma

DOLE, VINCENT P.
A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine , Volume 101 (5) – May 1, 1958
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References (23)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1958 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0888-2479
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1958.00260170161017
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Recent studies have clarified some aspects of fatty acid transport. The results promise to be of clinical importance, since fat, as a major energy source and as a component of body structure, plays a central role in chronic diseases of metabolism. For example, obesity can be conceived as an abnormal balance between the total amount of fatty acid stored in adipose tissue and its availability as substrate for working cells. Arteriosclerosis is characterized by abnormal deposits of fatty acid esters. Diabetes, although usually defined by high blood sugar, is in fact a general disturbance of metabolism, and its most dangerous complications can be traced to faulty handling of fatty acids. During the past few years a number of laboratories, including ours, have been studying a fatty acid fraction which is remarkable for both its speed of turnover and its close relation to the state of carbohydrate metabolism. This fraction, the References 1. Havel, R. J., and Fredrickson, D. S.: The Metabolism of Chylomicra: I. The Removal of Palmitic Acid-l-C" Labeled Chylomicra from Dog Plasma , J. Clin. Invest. 35:1025, 1956.Crossref 2. Dole, V. P.: The Transport of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Plasma, in Symposium on Chemistry of Lipides as Related to Atherosclerosis, Cleveland, May, 1957, edited by I. H. Page, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1958. 3. Dole, V. P.: A Relation Between Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Plasma and the Metabolism of Glucose , J. Clin. Invest. 35:150, 1956.Crossref 4. Gordon, R. S., Jr., and Cherkes, A.: Unesterified Fatty Acid in Human Blood Plasma , J. Clin. Invest. 35:206, 1956.Crossref 5. Bierman, E. L.; Roberts, T. N., and Dole, V. P.: Effect of Tolbutamide (Orinase) on Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 95:437, 1957. 6. Dole, V. P.: Fractionation of Plasma Non-Esterified Fatty Acids , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 93:532, 1956. 7. Dole, V. P., and James, A. T.: Unpublished observations. 8. Bierman, E. L.; Schwartz, I. L., and Dole, V. P.: Action of Insulin on Release of Fatty Acids from Tissue Stores , Am. J. Physiol. 191: 359, 1957. 9. Fredrickson, D. S.; McCollester, D. L.; Havel, R. J., and Ono, K.: The Early Steps in Transport and Metabolism of Exogenous Triglyceride and Cholesterol, in Symposium on Chemistry of Lipides as Related to Atherosclerosis, Cleveland, May, 1957, edited by I. H. Page, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1958. 10. Lossow, W. J., and Chaikoff, I. L.: Carbohydrate Sparing of Fatty Acid Oxidation: I. The Relation of Fatty Acid Chain Length to the Degree of Sparing; II. The Mechanism by Which Carbohydrate Spares the Oxidation of Palmitic Acid , Arch. Biochem. 57:23, 1955. 11. Dole, V. P.: Unpublished results. 12. Shapiro, B.; Chowers, I., and Rose, G.: Fatty Acid Uptake and Esterification in Adipose Tissue , Biochim. et biophys. acta 23:115, 1957. 13. Gordon, R. S., Jr.: Unesterified Fatty Acid in Human Blood Plasma: II. The Transport Function of Unesterified Fatty Acid , J. Clin. Invest. 36:810, 1957. 14. Gordon, R. S., Jr., and Cherkes, A.: Production of Unesterified Fatty acids from Isolated Rat Adipose Tissue Incubated in Vitro , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 97:150, 1958. 15. Davis, B. D., and Dubos, R. J.: The Binding of Fatty Acids by Serum Albumin, a Protective Growth Factor in Bacteriological Media , J. Exper. Med. 86:215, 1947. 16. Goodman, D. S.: The Interaction of Human Serum Albumin with Long Chain Fatty Acid Anions , J. Am. Chem. Soc. , to be published. 17. Rizack, M.; Schwartz, I. L., and Dole, V. P.: Unpublished results. 18. Stetten, D. W., Jr., and Boxer, G.: Studies in Carbohydrate Metabolism: III. Metabolic Defects in Alloxan Diabetes , J. Biol. Chem. 156:271, 1944. 19. Shaw, W. N.; Dituri, F., and Gurin, S.: Lipogenesis in Particle-Free Extracts of Rat Liver: II. Experimental Diabetes , J. Biol. Chem. 226:417, 1957. 20. Langdon, R. G.: The Requirement of Triphosphopyridine Nucleotide in Fatty Acid Synthesis , J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77:5190, 1955. 21. Siperstein, M. D., and Fagan, V. M.: Role of Glycolysis in Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Synthesis in Normal and Diabetic Rats , Science 126: 1012, 1957. 22. Dole, V. P.: Fat Metabolism in Diabetes , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 34:21, 1958. 23. Laurell, S.: Plasma Free Fatty Acids in Diabetic Acidosis and Starvation, Letters to the Editor , Scandinav. J. Clin. & Lab. Invest. 8:81, 1956. 24. Bierman, E. L.; Dole, V. P., and Roberts, T. N.: An Abnormality of Nonesterified Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus , Diabetes 6:475, 1957. 25. Beatty, C. H., and West, E. S.: The Effect of Substances Related to the Tricarboxylic Cycle upon Ketosis , J. Biol. Chem. 190:603, 1951. 26. Oliver, T. H., and Haworth, A.: The Inter-Relationship of Blood-Fat and Blood-Sugar , Lancet 2:114, 1923. 27. Albrink, M. J.; Fitzgerald, J. R., and Man, E. B.: Effect of Glucagon on Alimentary Lipemia , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 95:778, 1957.

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1958

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