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INFECTIONS OCCURRING DURING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

INFECTIONS OCCURRING DURING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY Abstract THE LAST decade witnessed the golden age in the isolation, purification, and manufacture of antibiotic drugs. A wide variety of bacterial, rickettsial, and some viral diseases can now be selectively treated and cured with these antimicrobial agents. While the advantage gained by the clinician is great, there are new problems to confront him. Among these are the superinfections caused by secondary organisms resistant to the antibiotic drug currently employed in treating a primary sensitive pathogen. The disturbances of the usual bacterial ecology induced by the administration of antibiotics have been described.1 Alterations of this kind have been noted in the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract, intestinal canal, vagina, and perhaps in the skin. While the usual microbial population maintains a delicate balance between the various types, antibiotic therapy favors the multiplication of certain members of the bacterial population. Therapy directed toward infections caused by Grampositive bacteria may allow or References 1. References 2 and 3. 2. References 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. 3. References 1 and 8. 4. References 15 and 16. 5. References 4, 20, and 21. 6. References 1 and 7. 7. Smith, D. T.: The Disturbance of the Normal Bacterial Ecology by the Administration of Antibiotics with the Development of New Clinical Syndromes , Ann. Int. Med. 37:1135 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 8. Long, D. S.: Effect of Penicillin on Bacterial Flora of the Mouth , Brit. Med. J. 2:819 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947.Crossref 9. Meads, M.; Rowe, W. P., and Haslam, M. M.: Alterations in the Bacterial Flora of the Throat During Oral Therapy with Aureomycin , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 87:533 ( (April) ) 1951.Crossref 10. Finland, M., and Weinstein, L.: Complications Induced by Antimicrobial Agents , New England J. Med. 248:220 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1953.Crossref 11. Weinstein, L.: The Spontaneous Occurrence of New Bacterial Infections During the Course of Treatment with Streptomycin and Penicillin , Am. J. M. Sc. 214:56 ( (July) ) 1947.Crossref 12. Appelbaum, E., and Leff, W. A.: Occurrence of Superinfections During Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 138:119 ( (Sept.11) ) 1948.Crossref 13. Yow, E. M.: Development of Proteus and Pseudomonas Infections During Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 149:1184 ( (July 26) ) 1952.Crossref 14. Brown, C., Jr.; Propp, S.; Guest, C. M.; Beebe, R. T., and Early, L.: Fatal Fungus Infections Complicating Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 152:206 ( (May 16) ) 1953.Crossref 15. Thompson, R., and Shibuya, M.: The Inhibitory Action of Saliva on the Diphtheria Bacillus: The Antibiotic Effect of the Salivary Streptococci , J. Bact. 51:671 ( (June) ) 1946. 16. Jennings, M. A., and Sharp, A. E.: Antibacterial Activity of the Staphylococcus , Nature, London 159:133 ( (Jan. 25) ) 1947.Crossref 17. Barach, A. L.; Bickerman, H. A., and Beck, G. J.: Antibiotic Therapy in Infections of the Respiratory Tract , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 90:808 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 18. Schulz, H.: Über Hefegifte , Pflug. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 42:517, 1888.Crossref 19. Garrod, L. P.: Reactions of Bacteria to Chemotherapeutic Agents , Brit. Med. J. 1:205 ( (Feb. 3) ) 1951.Crossref 20. Miller, W. S.; Green, C. A., and Kitchen, H.: Biphasic Action of Penicillin and Other Sulphonamide Similarity , Nature, London 155:210 ( (Feb. 17) ) 1945.Crossref 21. Gewin, H. M., and Frion, G. J.: Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiency During Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol Therapy of Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus Aureus , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 23:332 ( (Feb.) ) 1951. 22. Harris, H. J.: Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol in Brucellosis, with Special Reference to Side Effects , J. A. M. A. 142:161 ( (Jan. 21) ) 1950. 23. Najjar, V. A., and Barret, R.: The Synthesis of B Vitamins by Intestinal Bacteria , Vitamins & Hormones 3:23, 1945. 24. Reiner, L.; Schlessinger, M. D., and Miller, G. M.: Pseudomembranous Colitis Following Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol , Arch. Path. 54:39 ( (July) ) 1952. 25. Kleckner, M. S., Jr.; Bargen, J. A., and Bagenstoss, A. H.: Acute Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 28:313 ( (June 13) ) 1953. 26. Finland, M.: The Present Status of Antibiotics in Bacterial Infections , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 27:199 ( (April) ) 1951. 27. Dearing, W. H., and Heilman, F. R.: Micrococcic (Staphylococcic) Enteritis as a Complication of Antibiotic Therapy: Its Response to Erythromycin , Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin. 28:121 ( (March 11) ) 1953. 28. Herrell, W. E.; Nichols, D. R., and Martin, W. J.: Erythromycin for Infections Due to Micrococcus Pyogenes , J. A. M. A. 152:1601 ( (Aug. 22) ) 1953.Crossref 29. Finland, M., and Haight, T. A.: Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Staphylococci , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 91:143 ( (Feb.) ) 1953.Crossref 30. Bloomfield, A. L.: Effects of Antibiotics on Bacteria of the Upper Air Passages, Editorial , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 88:135 ( (Aug.) ) 1951.Crossref 31. Keefer, C. S.: Alteration in Normal Bacterial Flora of Man and Secondary Infections During Antibiotic Therapy, Editorial , Am. J. Med. 11:665 ( (Dec.) ) 1951.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

INFECTIONS OCCURRING DURING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

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References (36)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1954 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0888-2479
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1954.00240250054004
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract THE LAST decade witnessed the golden age in the isolation, purification, and manufacture of antibiotic drugs. A wide variety of bacterial, rickettsial, and some viral diseases can now be selectively treated and cured with these antimicrobial agents. While the advantage gained by the clinician is great, there are new problems to confront him. Among these are the superinfections caused by secondary organisms resistant to the antibiotic drug currently employed in treating a primary sensitive pathogen. The disturbances of the usual bacterial ecology induced by the administration of antibiotics have been described.1 Alterations of this kind have been noted in the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract, intestinal canal, vagina, and perhaps in the skin. While the usual microbial population maintains a delicate balance between the various types, antibiotic therapy favors the multiplication of certain members of the bacterial population. Therapy directed toward infections caused by Grampositive bacteria may allow or References 1. References 2 and 3. 2. References 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. 3. References 1 and 8. 4. References 15 and 16. 5. References 4, 20, and 21. 6. References 1 and 7. 7. Smith, D. T.: The Disturbance of the Normal Bacterial Ecology by the Administration of Antibiotics with the Development of New Clinical Syndromes , Ann. Int. Med. 37:1135 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 8. Long, D. S.: Effect of Penicillin on Bacterial Flora of the Mouth , Brit. Med. J. 2:819 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947.Crossref 9. Meads, M.; Rowe, W. P., and Haslam, M. M.: Alterations in the Bacterial Flora of the Throat During Oral Therapy with Aureomycin , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 87:533 ( (April) ) 1951.Crossref 10. Finland, M., and Weinstein, L.: Complications Induced by Antimicrobial Agents , New England J. Med. 248:220 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1953.Crossref 11. Weinstein, L.: The Spontaneous Occurrence of New Bacterial Infections During the Course of Treatment with Streptomycin and Penicillin , Am. J. M. Sc. 214:56 ( (July) ) 1947.Crossref 12. Appelbaum, E., and Leff, W. A.: Occurrence of Superinfections During Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 138:119 ( (Sept.11) ) 1948.Crossref 13. Yow, E. M.: Development of Proteus and Pseudomonas Infections During Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 149:1184 ( (July 26) ) 1952.Crossref 14. Brown, C., Jr.; Propp, S.; Guest, C. M.; Beebe, R. T., and Early, L.: Fatal Fungus Infections Complicating Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 152:206 ( (May 16) ) 1953.Crossref 15. Thompson, R., and Shibuya, M.: The Inhibitory Action of Saliva on the Diphtheria Bacillus: The Antibiotic Effect of the Salivary Streptococci , J. Bact. 51:671 ( (June) ) 1946. 16. Jennings, M. A., and Sharp, A. E.: Antibacterial Activity of the Staphylococcus , Nature, London 159:133 ( (Jan. 25) ) 1947.Crossref 17. Barach, A. L.; Bickerman, H. A., and Beck, G. J.: Antibiotic Therapy in Infections of the Respiratory Tract , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 90:808 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 18. Schulz, H.: Über Hefegifte , Pflug. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 42:517, 1888.Crossref 19. Garrod, L. P.: Reactions of Bacteria to Chemotherapeutic Agents , Brit. Med. J. 1:205 ( (Feb. 3) ) 1951.Crossref 20. Miller, W. S.; Green, C. A., and Kitchen, H.: Biphasic Action of Penicillin and Other Sulphonamide Similarity , Nature, London 155:210 ( (Feb. 17) ) 1945.Crossref 21. Gewin, H. M., and Frion, G. J.: Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiency During Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol Therapy of Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus Aureus , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 23:332 ( (Feb.) ) 1951. 22. Harris, H. J.: Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol in Brucellosis, with Special Reference to Side Effects , J. A. M. A. 142:161 ( (Jan. 21) ) 1950. 23. Najjar, V. A., and Barret, R.: The Synthesis of B Vitamins by Intestinal Bacteria , Vitamins & Hormones 3:23, 1945. 24. Reiner, L.; Schlessinger, M. D., and Miller, G. M.: Pseudomembranous Colitis Following Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol , Arch. Path. 54:39 ( (July) ) 1952. 25. Kleckner, M. S., Jr.; Bargen, J. A., and Bagenstoss, A. H.: Acute Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 28:313 ( (June 13) ) 1953. 26. Finland, M.: The Present Status of Antibiotics in Bacterial Infections , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 27:199 ( (April) ) 1951. 27. Dearing, W. H., and Heilman, F. R.: Micrococcic (Staphylococcic) Enteritis as a Complication of Antibiotic Therapy: Its Response to Erythromycin , Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin. 28:121 ( (March 11) ) 1953. 28. Herrell, W. E.; Nichols, D. R., and Martin, W. J.: Erythromycin for Infections Due to Micrococcus Pyogenes , J. A. M. A. 152:1601 ( (Aug. 22) ) 1953.Crossref 29. Finland, M., and Haight, T. A.: Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Staphylococci , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 91:143 ( (Feb.) ) 1953.Crossref 30. Bloomfield, A. L.: Effects of Antibiotics on Bacteria of the Upper Air Passages, Editorial , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 88:135 ( (Aug.) ) 1951.Crossref 31. Keefer, C. S.: Alteration in Normal Bacterial Flora of Man and Secondary Infections During Antibiotic Therapy, Editorial , Am. J. Med. 11:665 ( (Dec.) ) 1951.Crossref

Journal

A.M.A. Archives of Internal MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Jan 1, 1954

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