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M. Finland (1951)
The present status of antibiotics in bacterial infections.Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 27 4
H. Gewin, G. Friou (1951)
Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiency during Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol Therapy of Endocarditis due to Staphylococcus Aureus *The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 23
M. Finland (1953)
Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic StaphylococciA. M. A. Arch. Int. Med., 91
L. Reiner , M. D. Schlessinger (1952)
Pseudomembranous Colitis Following Aureomycin and ChloramphenicolArch. Path., 54
W. E. Herrell , D. R. Nichols (1953)
Erythromycin for Infections Due to Micrococcus PyogenesJ. A. M. A., 152
C. Brown, S. Propp, C. Guest, R. Beebe, L. Early (1953)
Fatal fungus infections complicating antibiotic therapy.Journal of the American Medical Association, 152 3
C. Keefer (1951)
Alterations in normal bacterial flora of man and secondary infections during antibiotic therapy.The American journal of medicine, 11 6
H. J. Harris (1950)
Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol in Brucellosis, with Special Reference to Side EffectsJ. A. M. A., 142
M. Jennings, A. Sharp (1947)
Antibacterial Activity of the StaphylococcusNature, 159
M. Finland, T. Haight (1953)
Antibiotic resistance of pathogenic staphylococci; study of five hundred strains isolated at Boston City Hospital from October, 1951, to February, 1952.A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 91 2
A. L. Bloomfield (1951)
Effects of Antibiotics on Bacteria of the Upper Air Passages, EditorialA. M. A. Arch. Int. Med., 88
H. Schulz (1888)
�ber HefegiftePflug. Arch. Ges. Physiol., 42
V. Najjar, R. Barrett (1945)
The Synthesis of B Vitamins by Intestinal BacteriaVitamins and Hormones Series, 3
D. Smith (1952)
The disturbance of the normal bacterial ecology by the administration of antibiotics with the development of new clinical syndromes.Annals of internal medicine, 37 6
W. Herrell, D. Nichols, W. Martin (1953)
Erythromycin for infections due to Micrococcus pyogenes.Journal of the American Medical Association, 152 17
E. Applebaum, W. Leff (1948)
Occurrence of superinfections during antibiotic therapy.Journal of the American Medical Association, 138 2
Dearing Wh (1953)
Micrococcic (staphylococcic) enteritis as a complication of antibiotic therapy; its response to erythromycin., 28
L. Garrod (1951)
Reactions of Bacteria to Chemotherapeutic Agents*British Medical Journal, 1
Bloomfield Al (1951)
Effect of antibiotics on bacteria of the upper air passages.A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 88
D. Long (1947)
Effect of penicillin on bacterial flora of the mouth.British medical journal, 2 4533
E. M. Yow (1952)
Development of Proteus and Pseudomonas Infections During Antibiotic TherapyJ. A. M. A., 149
Kleckner Ms, Bargen Ja, Baggenstoss Ah (1953)
Acute pseudomembranous enterocolitis., 28
M. Meads , W. P. Rowe (1951)
Alterations in the Bacterial Flora of the Throat During Oral Therapy with AureomycinA. M. A. Arch. Int. Med., 87
E. Yow (1952)
Development of Proteus and Pseudomonas infections during antibiotic therapy.Journal of the American Medical Association, 149 13
A. L. Barach , H. A. Bickerman (1952)
Antibiotic Therapy in Infections of the Respiratory TractA. M. A. Arch. Int. Med., 90
H. Harris (1950)
Aureomycin and chloramphenicol in brucellosis; with special reference to side effects.Journal of the American Medical Association, 142 3
C. Brown , S. Propp, C. M. Guest, R. T. Beebe (1953)
Fatal Fungus Infections Complicating Antibiotic TherapyJ. A. M. A., 152
C. S. Keefer (1951)
Alteration in Normal Bacterial Flora of Man and Secondary Infections During Antibiotic Therapy, EditorialAm. J. Med., 11
M. Finland, L. Weinstein (1953)
Complications induced by antimicrobial agents.The New England journal of medicine, 248 6
M. Meads, W. Rowe, N. Haslam (1951)
Alterations in the bacterial flora of the throat during oral therapy with aureomycin.A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 87 4
L. Weinstein (1947)
The Spontaneous Occurrence of New Bacterial Infections During the Course of Treatment with Streptomycin and PenicillinAm. J. M. Sc., 214
Richard Thompson, M. Shibuya (1946)
The Inhibitory Action of Saliva on the Diphtheria Bacillus: The Antibiotic Effect of Salivary StreptococciJournal of Bacteriology, 51
W. Miller, C. Green, H. Kitchen (1945)
Biphasic Action of Penicillin and other Sulphonamide SimilarityNature, 155
E. Appelbaum (1948)
Occurrence of Superinfections During Antibiotic TherapyJ. A. M. A., 138
A. Barach, H. Bickerman, G. Beck (1952)
Antibiotic therapy in infections of the respiratory tract.A.M.A. archives of internal medicine, 90 6
L. Reiner, Schlesinger Mj, Miller Gm (1952)
Pseudomembranous colitis following aureomycin and chloramphenicol.A.M.A. archives of pathology, 54 1
Abstract THE LAST decade witnessed the golden age in the isolation, purification, and manufacture of antibiotic drugs. A wide variety of bacterial, rickettsial, and some viral diseases can now be selectively treated and cured with these antimicrobial agents. While the advantage gained by the clinician is great, there are new problems to confront him. Among these are the superinfections caused by secondary organisms resistant to the antibiotic drug currently employed in treating a primary sensitive pathogen. The disturbances of the usual bacterial ecology induced by the administration of antibiotics have been described.1 Alterations of this kind have been noted in the mouth, throat, upper respiratory tract, intestinal canal, vagina, and perhaps in the skin. While the usual microbial population maintains a delicate balance between the various types, antibiotic therapy favors the multiplication of certain members of the bacterial population. Therapy directed toward infections caused by Grampositive bacteria may allow or References 1. References 2 and 3. 2. References 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. 3. References 1 and 8. 4. References 15 and 16. 5. References 4, 20, and 21. 6. References 1 and 7. 7. Smith, D. T.: The Disturbance of the Normal Bacterial Ecology by the Administration of Antibiotics with the Development of New Clinical Syndromes , Ann. Int. Med. 37:1135 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 8. Long, D. S.: Effect of Penicillin on Bacterial Flora of the Mouth , Brit. Med. J. 2:819 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947.Crossref 9. Meads, M.; Rowe, W. P., and Haslam, M. M.: Alterations in the Bacterial Flora of the Throat During Oral Therapy with Aureomycin , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 87:533 ( (April) ) 1951.Crossref 10. Finland, M., and Weinstein, L.: Complications Induced by Antimicrobial Agents , New England J. Med. 248:220 ( (Feb. 5) ) 1953.Crossref 11. Weinstein, L.: The Spontaneous Occurrence of New Bacterial Infections During the Course of Treatment with Streptomycin and Penicillin , Am. J. M. Sc. 214:56 ( (July) ) 1947.Crossref 12. Appelbaum, E., and Leff, W. A.: Occurrence of Superinfections During Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 138:119 ( (Sept.11) ) 1948.Crossref 13. Yow, E. M.: Development of Proteus and Pseudomonas Infections During Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 149:1184 ( (July 26) ) 1952.Crossref 14. Brown, C., Jr.; Propp, S.; Guest, C. M.; Beebe, R. T., and Early, L.: Fatal Fungus Infections Complicating Antibiotic Therapy , J. A. M. A. 152:206 ( (May 16) ) 1953.Crossref 15. Thompson, R., and Shibuya, M.: The Inhibitory Action of Saliva on the Diphtheria Bacillus: The Antibiotic Effect of the Salivary Streptococci , J. Bact. 51:671 ( (June) ) 1946. 16. Jennings, M. A., and Sharp, A. E.: Antibacterial Activity of the Staphylococcus , Nature, London 159:133 ( (Jan. 25) ) 1947.Crossref 17. Barach, A. L.; Bickerman, H. A., and Beck, G. J.: Antibiotic Therapy in Infections of the Respiratory Tract , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 90:808 ( (Dec.) ) 1952.Crossref 18. Schulz, H.: Über Hefegifte , Pflug. Arch. Ges. Physiol. 42:517, 1888.Crossref 19. Garrod, L. P.: Reactions of Bacteria to Chemotherapeutic Agents , Brit. Med. J. 1:205 ( (Feb. 3) ) 1951.Crossref 20. Miller, W. S.; Green, C. A., and Kitchen, H.: Biphasic Action of Penicillin and Other Sulphonamide Similarity , Nature, London 155:210 ( (Feb. 17) ) 1945.Crossref 21. Gewin, H. M., and Frion, G. J.: Manifestations of Vitamin Deficiency During Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol Therapy of Endocarditis Due to Staphylococcus Aureus , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 23:332 ( (Feb.) ) 1951. 22. Harris, H. J.: Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol in Brucellosis, with Special Reference to Side Effects , J. A. M. A. 142:161 ( (Jan. 21) ) 1950. 23. Najjar, V. A., and Barret, R.: The Synthesis of B Vitamins by Intestinal Bacteria , Vitamins & Hormones 3:23, 1945. 24. Reiner, L.; Schlessinger, M. D., and Miller, G. M.: Pseudomembranous Colitis Following Aureomycin and Chloramphenicol , Arch. Path. 54:39 ( (July) ) 1952. 25. Kleckner, M. S., Jr.; Bargen, J. A., and Bagenstoss, A. H.: Acute Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis , Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clin. 28:313 ( (June 13) ) 1953. 26. Finland, M.: The Present Status of Antibiotics in Bacterial Infections , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 27:199 ( (April) ) 1951. 27. Dearing, W. H., and Heilman, F. R.: Micrococcic (Staphylococcic) Enteritis as a Complication of Antibiotic Therapy: Its Response to Erythromycin , Proc. Staff Meet. Mayo Clin. 28:121 ( (March 11) ) 1953. 28. Herrell, W. E.; Nichols, D. R., and Martin, W. J.: Erythromycin for Infections Due to Micrococcus Pyogenes , J. A. M. A. 152:1601 ( (Aug. 22) ) 1953.Crossref 29. Finland, M., and Haight, T. A.: Antibiotic Resistance of Pathogenic Staphylococci , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 91:143 ( (Feb.) ) 1953.Crossref 30. Bloomfield, A. L.: Effects of Antibiotics on Bacteria of the Upper Air Passages, Editorial , A. M. A. Arch. Int. Med. 88:135 ( (Aug.) ) 1951.Crossref 31. Keefer, C. S.: Alteration in Normal Bacterial Flora of Man and Secondary Infections During Antibiotic Therapy, Editorial , Am. J. Med. 11:665 ( (Dec.) ) 1951.Crossref
A.M.A. Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Jan 1, 1954
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