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PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW, RECTAL AND SKIN TEMPERATURE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: The Effects of Rapid Digitalization in This State

PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW, RECTAL AND SKIN TEMPERATURE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: The Effects of... Abstract CLINICIANS have been under the impression that the skin of patients with congestive heart failure, especially the skin of the extremities, seemed cooler than normal even at a time when fever was present. Steele and Cohn1 have made objective measurements relating to the temperature of the skin of certain areas of the body and to the rectal temperature in patients with heart failure in an attempt to arrive at an understanding of the fever which occurs in heart failure unrelated to any infection. They found that the "temperature of the surface in cardiac patients is lower than in normal individuals, while that of patients with infectious fever is as high as or higher than normal. The difference in behavior leads to the conclusion that the elevation of rectal temperature in heart failure depends on processes incidental to heart failure itself."1a Certain things are known about the circulation in References 1. Steele, J. M.: Fever in Heart Failure; Relations Between the Temperatures of the Interior and the Surface of the Body , J. Clin. Investigation 13:869, 1934.Crossref 2. Cohn, A. E., and Steele, J. M.: Unexplained Fever in Heart Failure , J. Clin. Investigation 13:853, 1934.Crossref 3. Steele, J. M.: Fever in Heart Disease , Internat. Clin. 1:17, 1936. 4. Stewart, H. J., and Cohn, A. E.: Studies on the Effect of the Action of Digitalis on the Output of Blood from the Heart: III. Part I. The Effect on the Output in Normal Human Hearts; Part II. The Effect on the Output of Hearts in Heart Failure with Congestion, in Human Beings , J. Clin. Investigation 11:917, 1932.Crossref 5. Stewart, H. J.; Deitrick, J. E.; Crane, N. F., and Wheeler, C. H.: Action of Digitalis in Uncompensated Heart Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 62:569 ( (Oct.) ) 1938.Crossref 6. Stewart, H. J.; Crane, N. F.; Watson, R. F.; Wheeler, C. H., and Deitrick, J. E.: The Cardiac Output in Congestive Heart Failure and in Organic Heart Disease , Ann. Int. Med. 13:2323, 1940.Crossref 7. McGuire, J.; Hauenstein, V., and Shore, R.: Cardiac Output in Heart Disease Determined by the Direct Fick Method, Including Comparative Determinations by the Acetylene Method , Arch. Int. Med. 60:1034 ( (Dec.) ) 1937.Crossref 8. Stewart and Cohn.2 9. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Wheeler.3 10. Stewart and others.4 11. Abramson, D. I.; Fierst, S. M., and Flachs, K.: Rate of Peripheral Blood Flow in the Presence of Edema , Am. Heart J. 25:328, 1943.Crossref 12. Brams, W. A.; Golden, J. S.; Sanders, A., and Kaplan, L. G.: Observations on Toxicity and Clinical Value of Strophanthin , Ann. Int. Med. 13:618, ( (Oct.) ) 1939.Crossref 13. Eichna, L. W., and Taube, H.: A Comparison of the Action of Four Cardiac Glycosides on a Patient with Congestive Heart Failure , Am. Heart J. 26:631, 1943Crossref 14. The Effect of Intravenously Administered Digoxin and Ouabain on the Systemic Venous Pressure of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure , Am. Heart J. 27:641, 1944.Crossref 15. The Abbott Laboratories supplied the strophanthin K used in these studies. 16. Stewart, H. J., and Jack, N. B.: The Effect of Aminophyllin on Peripheral Blood Flow , Am. Heart J. 20:205, 1940.Crossref 17. Stewart, H. J., and Evans, W. F.: Peripheral Blood Flow in Myxedema , Arch. Int. Med. 69:808 ( (May) ) 1942.Crossref 18. Hardy, J. D., and Soderstrom, G. F.: Heat Loss from the Nude Body and Peripheral Blood Flow at Temperatures of 22° C. to 35° C. , J. Nutrition 16:493, 1938. 19. In the calculations the formulas allow for such variations. 20. Hardy, J. D., and Soderstrom, G. F.: An Improved Apparatus for Measuring Surface and Body Temperature , Rev. Scient. Instruments 8:419, 1937.Crossref 21. Roth, P.: Modifications of Apparatus and Improved Technique Adaptable to the Benedict Type of Respiration Apparatus , Boston M. & S. J. 186:457, 1922. 22. Du Bois, D., and Du Bois, E. F.: A Formula to Estimate Approximate Surface Area if Height and Weight Be Known , Arch. Int. Med. 17:863 ( (June) ) 1916. 23. Boothby, W. M.; Berkson, J., and Dunn, H. J.. Studies of the Energy of Metabolism of Normal Individuals: A Standard for Basal Metabolism, with a Nomogram for Clinical Application , Am. J. Physiol. 116:468, 1936. 24. Tarr, L.; Oppenheimer, B. S., and Sager, R. V.: The Circulation Time in Various Clinical Conditions Determined by the Use of Sodium Dehydrocholate , Am. Heart J. 8:766, 1933. 25. Taylor, F. A.; Thomas, A. B., and Schleiter, H. G.: A Direct Method for the Estimation of Venous Blood Pressure , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 27:867, 1930. 26. This figure is lower than in the original paper because only one measurement concerning each patient was averaged. 27. Stewart, H. J.; Haskell, H. S., and Evans, W. F.: The Peripheral Blood Flow and Other Observations in Coarctation of the Aorta , Am. Heart J. 28:217, 1944.Crossref 28. Stewart, H. J., and Evans, W. F.: The Peripheral Blood Flow Under Basal Conditions in Normal Male Subjects in the Third Decade , Am. Heart J. 26:67, 1943.Crossref 29. Stewart, H. J., and Cohn, A. E.: Studies on the Effect of the Action of Digitalis on the Output of Blood from the Heart: II. The Effect on the Output of Hearts of Dogs Subject to Artificial Auricular Fibrillation , J. Clin. Investigation 11:897, 1932.Crossref 30. Stewart, H. J.; Dietrick, J. E.; Crane, N. F., and Thompson, W. P.: Studies of the Circulation in the Presence of Abnormal Cardiac Rhythms: Observations Relating to (Part I) Rhythms Associated with Rapid Ventricular Rate, and to (Part II) Rhythms Associated with Slow Ventricular Rate , J. Clin. Investigation 17:449, 1938.Crossref 31. Stewart, H. J.; Deitrick, J. E.; Watson, R. F.; Wheeler, C. H., and Crane, N. F.: The Effect of Valvular Heart Disease on the Dynamics of Circulation , Am. Heart J. 16:477, 1938.Crossref 32. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Wheeler.3 33. Stewart and others.4 34. Stewart and Cohn.2 35. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Wheeler.3 36. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Thompson.23 37. Gibson, J. G., Jr., and Evans, W. A., Jr.: Clinical Studies of the Blood Volume: III. Changes in Blood Volume, Venous Pressure and Blood Velocity Rate in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure , J. Clin. Investigation 16:851, 1937.Crossref 38. Stewart, H. J., and Jack, N. B.: The Basal Metabolic Rate in Organic Heart Disease , Am. Heart J. 19:738, 1940.Crossref 39. Stewart, H. J., and Evans, W. F.: The Peripheral Blood Flow in Hyperthyroidism , Am. Heart J. 20:715, 1940.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW, RECTAL AND SKIN TEMPERATURE IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE: The Effects of Rapid Digitalization in This State

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References (34)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1946 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0730-188X
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1946.00210410049004
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Abstract

Abstract CLINICIANS have been under the impression that the skin of patients with congestive heart failure, especially the skin of the extremities, seemed cooler than normal even at a time when fever was present. Steele and Cohn1 have made objective measurements relating to the temperature of the skin of certain areas of the body and to the rectal temperature in patients with heart failure in an attempt to arrive at an understanding of the fever which occurs in heart failure unrelated to any infection. They found that the "temperature of the surface in cardiac patients is lower than in normal individuals, while that of patients with infectious fever is as high as or higher than normal. The difference in behavior leads to the conclusion that the elevation of rectal temperature in heart failure depends on processes incidental to heart failure itself."1a Certain things are known about the circulation in References 1. Steele, J. M.: Fever in Heart Failure; Relations Between the Temperatures of the Interior and the Surface of the Body , J. Clin. Investigation 13:869, 1934.Crossref 2. Cohn, A. E., and Steele, J. M.: Unexplained Fever in Heart Failure , J. Clin. Investigation 13:853, 1934.Crossref 3. Steele, J. M.: Fever in Heart Disease , Internat. Clin. 1:17, 1936. 4. Stewart, H. J., and Cohn, A. E.: Studies on the Effect of the Action of Digitalis on the Output of Blood from the Heart: III. Part I. The Effect on the Output in Normal Human Hearts; Part II. The Effect on the Output of Hearts in Heart Failure with Congestion, in Human Beings , J. Clin. Investigation 11:917, 1932.Crossref 5. Stewart, H. J.; Deitrick, J. E.; Crane, N. F., and Wheeler, C. H.: Action of Digitalis in Uncompensated Heart Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 62:569 ( (Oct.) ) 1938.Crossref 6. Stewart, H. J.; Crane, N. F.; Watson, R. F.; Wheeler, C. H., and Deitrick, J. E.: The Cardiac Output in Congestive Heart Failure and in Organic Heart Disease , Ann. Int. Med. 13:2323, 1940.Crossref 7. McGuire, J.; Hauenstein, V., and Shore, R.: Cardiac Output in Heart Disease Determined by the Direct Fick Method, Including Comparative Determinations by the Acetylene Method , Arch. Int. Med. 60:1034 ( (Dec.) ) 1937.Crossref 8. Stewart and Cohn.2 9. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Wheeler.3 10. Stewart and others.4 11. Abramson, D. I.; Fierst, S. M., and Flachs, K.: Rate of Peripheral Blood Flow in the Presence of Edema , Am. Heart J. 25:328, 1943.Crossref 12. Brams, W. A.; Golden, J. S.; Sanders, A., and Kaplan, L. G.: Observations on Toxicity and Clinical Value of Strophanthin , Ann. Int. Med. 13:618, ( (Oct.) ) 1939.Crossref 13. Eichna, L. W., and Taube, H.: A Comparison of the Action of Four Cardiac Glycosides on a Patient with Congestive Heart Failure , Am. Heart J. 26:631, 1943Crossref 14. The Effect of Intravenously Administered Digoxin and Ouabain on the Systemic Venous Pressure of Patients with Congestive Heart Failure , Am. Heart J. 27:641, 1944.Crossref 15. The Abbott Laboratories supplied the strophanthin K used in these studies. 16. Stewart, H. J., and Jack, N. B.: The Effect of Aminophyllin on Peripheral Blood Flow , Am. Heart J. 20:205, 1940.Crossref 17. Stewart, H. J., and Evans, W. F.: Peripheral Blood Flow in Myxedema , Arch. Int. Med. 69:808 ( (May) ) 1942.Crossref 18. Hardy, J. D., and Soderstrom, G. F.: Heat Loss from the Nude Body and Peripheral Blood Flow at Temperatures of 22° C. to 35° C. , J. Nutrition 16:493, 1938. 19. In the calculations the formulas allow for such variations. 20. Hardy, J. D., and Soderstrom, G. F.: An Improved Apparatus for Measuring Surface and Body Temperature , Rev. Scient. Instruments 8:419, 1937.Crossref 21. Roth, P.: Modifications of Apparatus and Improved Technique Adaptable to the Benedict Type of Respiration Apparatus , Boston M. & S. J. 186:457, 1922. 22. Du Bois, D., and Du Bois, E. F.: A Formula to Estimate Approximate Surface Area if Height and Weight Be Known , Arch. Int. Med. 17:863 ( (June) ) 1916. 23. Boothby, W. M.; Berkson, J., and Dunn, H. J.. Studies of the Energy of Metabolism of Normal Individuals: A Standard for Basal Metabolism, with a Nomogram for Clinical Application , Am. J. Physiol. 116:468, 1936. 24. Tarr, L.; Oppenheimer, B. S., and Sager, R. V.: The Circulation Time in Various Clinical Conditions Determined by the Use of Sodium Dehydrocholate , Am. Heart J. 8:766, 1933. 25. Taylor, F. A.; Thomas, A. B., and Schleiter, H. G.: A Direct Method for the Estimation of Venous Blood Pressure , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 27:867, 1930. 26. This figure is lower than in the original paper because only one measurement concerning each patient was averaged. 27. Stewart, H. J.; Haskell, H. S., and Evans, W. F.: The Peripheral Blood Flow and Other Observations in Coarctation of the Aorta , Am. Heart J. 28:217, 1944.Crossref 28. Stewart, H. J., and Evans, W. F.: The Peripheral Blood Flow Under Basal Conditions in Normal Male Subjects in the Third Decade , Am. Heart J. 26:67, 1943.Crossref 29. Stewart, H. J., and Cohn, A. E.: Studies on the Effect of the Action of Digitalis on the Output of Blood from the Heart: II. The Effect on the Output of Hearts of Dogs Subject to Artificial Auricular Fibrillation , J. Clin. Investigation 11:897, 1932.Crossref 30. Stewart, H. J.; Dietrick, J. E.; Crane, N. F., and Thompson, W. P.: Studies of the Circulation in the Presence of Abnormal Cardiac Rhythms: Observations Relating to (Part I) Rhythms Associated with Rapid Ventricular Rate, and to (Part II) Rhythms Associated with Slow Ventricular Rate , J. Clin. Investigation 17:449, 1938.Crossref 31. Stewart, H. J.; Deitrick, J. E.; Watson, R. F.; Wheeler, C. H., and Crane, N. F.: The Effect of Valvular Heart Disease on the Dynamics of Circulation , Am. Heart J. 16:477, 1938.Crossref 32. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Wheeler.3 33. Stewart and others.4 34. Stewart and Cohn.2 35. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Wheeler.3 36. Stewart, Deitrick, Crane and Thompson.23 37. Gibson, J. G., Jr., and Evans, W. A., Jr.: Clinical Studies of the Blood Volume: III. Changes in Blood Volume, Venous Pressure and Blood Velocity Rate in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure , J. Clin. Investigation 16:851, 1937.Crossref 38. Stewart, H. J., and Jack, N. B.: The Basal Metabolic Rate in Organic Heart Disease , Am. Heart J. 19:738, 1940.Crossref 39. Stewart, H. J., and Evans, W. F.: The Peripheral Blood Flow in Hyperthyroidism , Am. Heart J. 20:715, 1940.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association

Published: Jun 1, 1946

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