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RESPONSE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS TO ACUTE BLOOD LOSS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MECHANISM OF RESTORATION OF BLOOD VOLUME

RESPONSE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS TO ACUTE BLOOD LOSS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MECHANISM OF... Abstract Studies on the response of the body to acute blood loss are of both theoretic and practical importance because hemorrhage is a serious complication in many medical and surgical conditions. In man, controlled observations on the effect of hemorrhage on the circulation, the plasma volume, the protein concentration and the cell-plasma ratio are difficult to obtain because the immediate care of the patient requires the complete attention of the physician and because the amount of blood lost is not known. In addition, the underlying disease producing the hemorrhage may alter the response of the body. Although many investigators have studied the effect of acute blood loss on lower animals, few studies on human subjects have been made under controlled conditions. Keith1 observed changes in hematocrit reading and blood volume as determined by the dye method after the removal of 800 cc. of blood from a normal man. He found References 1. Keith, N. M.: Blood Volume Changes in Wound Shock and Primary Hemorrhage, Medical Research Council, Special Report Series, no. 27, London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1919. 2. Waterfield, R. L.: The Effects of Posture on the Circulating Blood Volume , J. Physiol. 72:110 ( (June 6) ) 1931. 3. Gibson, J. G., II, and Evans, W. A., Jr.: Clinical Studies of Blood Volume: Clinical Application of Method Employing Azo Dye, "Evans Blue," and Spectrophotometer , J. Clin. Investigation 16:301 ( (May) ) 1937.Crossref 4. Gibson, J. G., II, and Evelyn, K. A.: Clinical Studies of Blood Volume: Adaptation of Method to Photoelectric Micro-Colorimeter , J. Clin. Investigation 17:153 ( (March) ) 1938.Crossref 5. Evelyn, K. A.: Stabilized Photoelectric Colorimeter with Light Filters , J. Biol. Chem. 115:63 ( (Aug.) ) 1936. 6. Kagan, B. M.: A Simple Method for the Estimation of the Total Protein Content of Plasma and Serum: II. The Estimation of the Total Protein Content of Human Plasma and Serum by Use of the Falling Drop Method , J. Clin. Investigation 17:373 ( (July) ) 1938.Crossref 7. Luetscher, J. A., Jr.: Electrophoretic Analysis of Plasma and Urinary Proteins , J. Clin. Investigation 19:313 ( (March) ) 1940.Crossref 8. Stead, E. A., Jr., and Ebert, R. V.: Relationship of the Plasma Volume and the Cell Plasma Ratio to the Total Red Cell Volume , Am. J. Physiol. 132:411 ( (March) ) 1941. 9. Smith, H. P.; Arnold, H. R., and Whipple, G. H.: Blood Volume Studies: VII. Comparative Values of Welcker, Carbon Monoxide and Dye Methods for Blood Volume Determinations; Accurate Estimation of Absolute Blood Volume , Am. J. Physiol. 56:336 ( (June) ) 1921. 10. Ebert, R. V., and Stead, E. A., Jr.: The Effect of the Application of Tourniquets on the Hemodynamics of the Circulation , J. Clin. Investigation 19:561 ( (July) ) 1940.Crossref 11. Weiss, S.; Wilkins, R. W., and Haynes, F. W.: The Nature of Circulatory Collapse Induce by Sodium Nitrite , J. Clin. Investigation 16:73 ( (Jan.) ) 1937.Crossref 12. Adolph, E. F.; Gerbasi, M. J., and Lepore, J. J.: The Rate of Entrance of Fluid into Blood in Hemorrhage , Am. J. Physiol. 104:502 ( (May) ) 1933. 13. Harris, A. W., and Gibson, J. G., II: Clinical Studies of the Blood Volume: VII. Changes in Blood Volume in Bright's Disease With or Without Edema, Renal Insufficiency, or Congestive Heart Failure, and in Hypertension , J. Clin. Investigation 18:527 ( (Sept.) ) 1939.Crossref 14. Chang, H. C.: Plasma Protein and Blood Volume , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 29:829 ( (April) ) 1932. 15. Kerr, W. J.; Hurwitz, S. H., and Whipple, G. H.: Regeneration of Blood Serum Proteins: I. Influence of Fasting upon Curve of Protein Regeneration Following Plasma Depletion , Am. J. Physiol. 47:356 ( (Dec.) ) 1918. 16. Smith, H. P.; Belt, A. E., and Whipple, G. H.: Rapid Blood Plasma Protein Depletion and Curve of Regeneration , Am. J. Physiol. 52:54 ( (May) ) 1920. 17. Madden, S. C., and Whipple, G. H.: Plasma Proteins: Their Source, Production, and Utilization , Physiol. Rev. 20:194 ( (April) ) 1940. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

RESPONSE OF NORMAL SUBJECTS TO ACUTE BLOOD LOSS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MECHANISM OF RESTORATION OF BLOOD VOLUME

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References (17)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1941 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0730-188X
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1941.00200090205009
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Studies on the response of the body to acute blood loss are of both theoretic and practical importance because hemorrhage is a serious complication in many medical and surgical conditions. In man, controlled observations on the effect of hemorrhage on the circulation, the plasma volume, the protein concentration and the cell-plasma ratio are difficult to obtain because the immediate care of the patient requires the complete attention of the physician and because the amount of blood lost is not known. In addition, the underlying disease producing the hemorrhage may alter the response of the body. Although many investigators have studied the effect of acute blood loss on lower animals, few studies on human subjects have been made under controlled conditions. Keith1 observed changes in hematocrit reading and blood volume as determined by the dye method after the removal of 800 cc. of blood from a normal man. He found References 1. Keith, N. M.: Blood Volume Changes in Wound Shock and Primary Hemorrhage, Medical Research Council, Special Report Series, no. 27, London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1919. 2. Waterfield, R. L.: The Effects of Posture on the Circulating Blood Volume , J. Physiol. 72:110 ( (June 6) ) 1931. 3. Gibson, J. G., II, and Evans, W. A., Jr.: Clinical Studies of Blood Volume: Clinical Application of Method Employing Azo Dye, "Evans Blue," and Spectrophotometer , J. Clin. Investigation 16:301 ( (May) ) 1937.Crossref 4. Gibson, J. G., II, and Evelyn, K. A.: Clinical Studies of Blood Volume: Adaptation of Method to Photoelectric Micro-Colorimeter , J. Clin. Investigation 17:153 ( (March) ) 1938.Crossref 5. Evelyn, K. A.: Stabilized Photoelectric Colorimeter with Light Filters , J. Biol. Chem. 115:63 ( (Aug.) ) 1936. 6. Kagan, B. M.: A Simple Method for the Estimation of the Total Protein Content of Plasma and Serum: II. The Estimation of the Total Protein Content of Human Plasma and Serum by Use of the Falling Drop Method , J. Clin. Investigation 17:373 ( (July) ) 1938.Crossref 7. Luetscher, J. A., Jr.: Electrophoretic Analysis of Plasma and Urinary Proteins , J. Clin. Investigation 19:313 ( (March) ) 1940.Crossref 8. Stead, E. A., Jr., and Ebert, R. V.: Relationship of the Plasma Volume and the Cell Plasma Ratio to the Total Red Cell Volume , Am. J. Physiol. 132:411 ( (March) ) 1941. 9. Smith, H. P.; Arnold, H. R., and Whipple, G. H.: Blood Volume Studies: VII. Comparative Values of Welcker, Carbon Monoxide and Dye Methods for Blood Volume Determinations; Accurate Estimation of Absolute Blood Volume , Am. J. Physiol. 56:336 ( (June) ) 1921. 10. Ebert, R. V., and Stead, E. A., Jr.: The Effect of the Application of Tourniquets on the Hemodynamics of the Circulation , J. Clin. Investigation 19:561 ( (July) ) 1940.Crossref 11. Weiss, S.; Wilkins, R. W., and Haynes, F. W.: The Nature of Circulatory Collapse Induce by Sodium Nitrite , J. Clin. Investigation 16:73 ( (Jan.) ) 1937.Crossref 12. Adolph, E. F.; Gerbasi, M. J., and Lepore, J. J.: The Rate of Entrance of Fluid into Blood in Hemorrhage , Am. J. Physiol. 104:502 ( (May) ) 1933. 13. Harris, A. W., and Gibson, J. G., II: Clinical Studies of the Blood Volume: VII. Changes in Blood Volume in Bright's Disease With or Without Edema, Renal Insufficiency, or Congestive Heart Failure, and in Hypertension , J. Clin. Investigation 18:527 ( (Sept.) ) 1939.Crossref 14. Chang, H. C.: Plasma Protein and Blood Volume , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 29:829 ( (April) ) 1932. 15. Kerr, W. J.; Hurwitz, S. H., and Whipple, G. H.: Regeneration of Blood Serum Proteins: I. Influence of Fasting upon Curve of Protein Regeneration Following Plasma Depletion , Am. J. Physiol. 47:356 ( (Dec.) ) 1918. 16. Smith, H. P.; Belt, A. E., and Whipple, G. H.: Rapid Blood Plasma Protein Depletion and Curve of Regeneration , Am. J. Physiol. 52:54 ( (May) ) 1920. 17. Madden, S. C., and Whipple, G. H.: Plasma Proteins: Their Source, Production, and Utilization , Physiol. Rev. 20:194 ( (April) ) 1940.

Journal

Archives of Internal MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1941

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