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PHARMACOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE VITAMIN C (CEVITAMIC ACID): WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS EFFECTS ON THE CAPILLARY FRAGILITY

PHARMACOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE VITAMIN C (CEVITAMIC ACID): WITH ESPECIAL... Abstract The isolation of hexuronic acid from cabbages, orange juice and adrenal cortex by Szent-Györgyi1 in 1928 opened a new field for investigation, which culminated in 1932 with its identification as crystalline vitamin C, now termed cevitamic acid.2 This substance is an odorless, white or yellowish-white crystalline powder, with a melting point of from 189 to 192 C. An outline of its properties follows: Formula: The acid titration corresponds with the formula C6H8O6.3 Solubility: It is freely soluble in water and also soluble in acetone, acetic ether and propyl alcohol, and insoluble in ethyl ether and purified petroleum benzine.4 Stability: It oxidizes on exposure to air and light. In an inert atmosphere it is quite stable to moderate heat, even in alkaline solution.5 It is decomposed when heated above 185 C.3a Reducing power: It has a high reducing power. This reducing power is the more remarkable since the References 1. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Biochem. J. 22:1387, 1928 2. Nature , London 129:576, 1932.Crossref 3. Tillmans, J.; Hirsch, P., and Hirsch, W.: Ztschr. f. Untersuch. d. Lebensmitt. 63:1, 1932.Crossref 4. Svirbly, J. L., and Szent-Györgyi, A.: Biol. J. 26:865, 1932. 5. Szent-Györgi, A.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 22:852, 1932.Crossref 6. Zilva, S. S.: Nature , London 129:3269, 1932.Crossref 7. Waugh, W. A., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 97:325, 1932. 8. Waugh, W. A.: J. Chem. Educ. 11:69 ( (Feb.) ) 1934.Crossref 9. Birch, T. W., and Harris, L. J.: Biochem. J. 27:595, 1933. 10. Sipple, H. L.; Grettie, D. P.; Svirbly, J. L., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 94:483, 1931-1932. 11. Matsuoka, Tomiji: J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan 9:1130, 1933. 12. Herbert, R. W., and others: J. Chem. Soc. , (Sept.) 1933, p. 1270. 13. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Nature , London 131:225 ( (Feb. 18) ) 1933.Crossref 14. Haworth, W. N.: Chem. & Industry 52:482 ( (June 9) ) 1933. 15. McKinnis, R. B., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 87:615, 1930. 16. Kon, S. K.: Nature , London 132:64 ( (July 8) ) 1933. 17. Mattick, A. T. R., and Kon, S. K.: Nature 1933132 (July 8) , p. 446. 18. Schroeder, H.: (a) Klin. Wchnschr. 13:553, 1934 19. Bull. Soc. chim. biol. 4:83, 1922. 20. Bessonov, N., and Delire, A.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 196: 2036 ( (June 26) ) 1933. 21. Lowry, T. M., and Pearman, S. A.: J. Chem. Soc. , (Nov.) 1933, p. 1444. 22. Wurmser, Rene, and de Loureiro, J. A.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 113: 543, 1933. 23. Georgescu, I.: J. de chim. phys. 29:217, 1932. 24. Green, David E.: Biochem. J. 27:1044, 1933. 25. Waugh (footnotes 2e 26. 3a). 27. Harris, L. J., and Ray, S. N.: Biochem. J. 27:303, 1933. 28. Cox, E. G.; Hirst, E. L., and Reynolds, R. J. W.: Nature , London 130: 888, 1932Crossref 29. Chem. & Industry 52:221, 1933. 30. Karrer, P.: Biochem. Ztschr. 4:258, 1933 31. Helvet. chim. acta. 16:302, 1933. 32. Micheel, F., and Kraft, K.: Nature , London 131:274, 1933 33. Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 216:233, 1933. 34. Reichstein, T.: Grussner, A., and Oppenauer, R.: Helvet. chim. acta 16: 561, 1933. 35. Rygh, O.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 204:105, 1932. 36. Dalmer, O., and Moll, T.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 209:4 and 211, 1932. 37. Bruggeman, J.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 211:3 and 231, 1932. 38. Grant, R. I.; Smith, S., and Zilva, S. S.: Biochem. J. 26:1628, 1932. 39. Rygh, O., and Rygh, A.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 211:275, 1932. 40. Tillmans, J., and Hirsch, P.: Biochem. Ztschr. 250:312, 1932. 41. Dalmer, O., and Moll, T.: E. Merck's Jahresb. , 1932, p. 19. 42. Widmark, E. M., and Glimstedt, G.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 215:147, 1933. 43. Reschke, J.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 1933215, p. 164. 44. Dann, W. J.: Nature , London 131:24, 1933. 45. Westin, G.: Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 2:1, 1933. 46. Micheel, F.: E. Merck's Jahresb. , 1932, p. 4. 47. Major, R.: Personal communication to the authors. 48. Birch, T. W.; Harris, L. S., and Ray, S. N.: Nature , London 131:273, 1933.Crossref 49. Key, K. M., and Elphick, G. K.: Biochem. J. 25:888, 1931. 50. Unpublished minutes of Conference on Vitamin C, Darmstadt, April 14. 1934. 51. Morawitz, P.: Klin. Wchnschr. 13:324, 1934.Crossref 52. Schroeder, H.: Ann. de E. Merck , 1934, pt. 2, p. 118. 53. Wentzler, E.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 59:451, 1934. 54. Neumann, U.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 81:1204 ( (Aug. 10) ) 1934. 55. Brugsch, H.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 81:1202 ( (Aug. 10) ) 1934.Crossref 56. Kramer, E.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59:1428 ( (Sept. 15) ) 1933.Crossref 57. Böger, A., and Schroeder, H.: München med. Wchnschr. 81:1335 ( (Aug. 24) ) 1934. 58. Böger, A., and Schroeder, H.: Klin. Wchnschr. 23:842, 1934.Crossref 59. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Personal communication to the authors, Nov. 27, 1934. 60. Duryee, A. W., and Wright, I. S.: Am. J. M. Sc. 185:664 ( (May) ) 1933.Crossref 61. Wright, I. S.: The Clinical Value of Human Capillary Studies , J. A. M. A. 101: 439 ( (Aug. 5) ) 1933.Crossref 62. Wright, I. S., and Duryee, A. W.: Human Capillaries in Health and in Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 52:545 ( (Oct.) ) 1933.Crossref 63. Wright, I. S., and Moffat, D.: The Effects of Tobacco on the Peripheral System , J. A. M. A. 103: 318 ( (Aug. 4) ) 1934.Crossref 64. Cutter, Irving and Marquardt, Gilbert: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 28:113 ( (Nov.) ) 1930. 65. Hess, A. F.: Recent Advances in Knowledge of Scurvy and the Antiscorbutic Vitamin , J. A. M. A. 98:1429 ( (April 23) ) 1932. 66. Dalldorf, G.: A Sensitive Test for Subclinical Scurvy in Man , Am. J. Dis. Child. 46:794 ( (Oct.) ) 1933. 67. Lindberg, A.: Hygiea 95:10 ( (Jan. 15) ) 1933. 68. Göthlin, G. F.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 18:484 ( (Feb.) ) 1933. 69. Stocking, R. E.: Arch. Pediat. 50: 823, 1933. 70. Greene, D.: Evaluation of the Capillary Resistance Test in the Diagnosis of Subclinical Scurvy , J. A. M. A. 103:4 ( (July 7) ) 1934. 71. Mettier, S. R.; Minot, G. R., and Townsend, W. C.: Scurvy in Adults; Especially Effect of Food Rich in Vitamin C on Blood Formation , J. A. M. A. 95:1089 ( (Oct. 11) ) 1930.Crossref 72. Fenwick, Samule: On Atrophy of the Stomach and on the Nervous Affections of the Digestive Organs , London, J. & A. Churchill, 1880. 73. Castle, W. B., and Locke, E. A.: J. Clin. Investigation 6:2 ( (Aug.) ) 1928. 74. Strauss, M. B.: The Rôle of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract in Conditioning Deficiency Disease , J. A. M. A. 103:1 ( (July 7) ) 1934.Crossref 75. Jackson, R. W.: J. Nutrition 4:171 ( (July) ) 1931 76. Jackson J. Nutrition 7:607 ( (June) ) 1934. 77. All cevitamic acid used in this study was supplied by Merck Co., Inc. 78. Wright, I. S.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:475 ( (Dec.) ) 1934. 79. Schultzer, P.: Hospitalstid. 77:1052 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1934 80. J. A. M. A. 103:1998 ( (Dec. 22) ) 1934. 81. Schultzer, P.: Hospitalstid. 77:1190 ( (Oct. 30) ) 1934. 82. We have since administered 1,000 mg. intravenously daily for periods of fourteen days and 2,000 mg. intravenously on several occasions without untoward effects. 83. Fisher, B. H., and Leake, C. D.: The Parenteral Administration of Cevitamic Acid (Ascorbic Acid) Solutions , J. A. M. A. 103:1556 ( (Nov. 17) ) 1934. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

PHARMACOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE VITAMIN C (CEVITAMIC ACID): WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS EFFECTS ON THE CAPILLARY FRAGILITY

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References (33)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1936 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0730-188X
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1936.00170060003001
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract The isolation of hexuronic acid from cabbages, orange juice and adrenal cortex by Szent-Györgyi1 in 1928 opened a new field for investigation, which culminated in 1932 with its identification as crystalline vitamin C, now termed cevitamic acid.2 This substance is an odorless, white or yellowish-white crystalline powder, with a melting point of from 189 to 192 C. An outline of its properties follows: Formula: The acid titration corresponds with the formula C6H8O6.3 Solubility: It is freely soluble in water and also soluble in acetone, acetic ether and propyl alcohol, and insoluble in ethyl ether and purified petroleum benzine.4 Stability: It oxidizes on exposure to air and light. In an inert atmosphere it is quite stable to moderate heat, even in alkaline solution.5 It is decomposed when heated above 185 C.3a Reducing power: It has a high reducing power. This reducing power is the more remarkable since the References 1. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Biochem. J. 22:1387, 1928 2. Nature , London 129:576, 1932.Crossref 3. Tillmans, J.; Hirsch, P., and Hirsch, W.: Ztschr. f. Untersuch. d. Lebensmitt. 63:1, 1932.Crossref 4. Svirbly, J. L., and Szent-Györgyi, A.: Biol. J. 26:865, 1932. 5. Szent-Györgi, A.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 22:852, 1932.Crossref 6. Zilva, S. S.: Nature , London 129:3269, 1932.Crossref 7. Waugh, W. A., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 97:325, 1932. 8. Waugh, W. A.: J. Chem. Educ. 11:69 ( (Feb.) ) 1934.Crossref 9. Birch, T. W., and Harris, L. J.: Biochem. J. 27:595, 1933. 10. Sipple, H. L.; Grettie, D. P.; Svirbly, J. L., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 94:483, 1931-1932. 11. Matsuoka, Tomiji: J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan 9:1130, 1933. 12. Herbert, R. W., and others: J. Chem. Soc. , (Sept.) 1933, p. 1270. 13. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Nature , London 131:225 ( (Feb. 18) ) 1933.Crossref 14. Haworth, W. N.: Chem. & Industry 52:482 ( (June 9) ) 1933. 15. McKinnis, R. B., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 87:615, 1930. 16. Kon, S. K.: Nature , London 132:64 ( (July 8) ) 1933. 17. Mattick, A. T. R., and Kon, S. K.: Nature 1933132 (July 8) , p. 446. 18. Schroeder, H.: (a) Klin. Wchnschr. 13:553, 1934 19. Bull. Soc. chim. biol. 4:83, 1922. 20. Bessonov, N., and Delire, A.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 196: 2036 ( (June 26) ) 1933. 21. Lowry, T. M., and Pearman, S. A.: J. Chem. Soc. , (Nov.) 1933, p. 1444. 22. Wurmser, Rene, and de Loureiro, J. A.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 113: 543, 1933. 23. Georgescu, I.: J. de chim. phys. 29:217, 1932. 24. Green, David E.: Biochem. J. 27:1044, 1933. 25. Waugh (footnotes 2e 26. 3a). 27. Harris, L. J., and Ray, S. N.: Biochem. J. 27:303, 1933. 28. Cox, E. G.; Hirst, E. L., and Reynolds, R. J. W.: Nature , London 130: 888, 1932Crossref 29. Chem. & Industry 52:221, 1933. 30. Karrer, P.: Biochem. Ztschr. 4:258, 1933 31. Helvet. chim. acta. 16:302, 1933. 32. Micheel, F., and Kraft, K.: Nature , London 131:274, 1933 33. Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 216:233, 1933. 34. Reichstein, T.: Grussner, A., and Oppenauer, R.: Helvet. chim. acta 16: 561, 1933. 35. Rygh, O.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 204:105, 1932. 36. Dalmer, O., and Moll, T.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 209:4 and 211, 1932. 37. Bruggeman, J.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 211:3 and 231, 1932. 38. Grant, R. I.; Smith, S., and Zilva, S. S.: Biochem. J. 26:1628, 1932. 39. Rygh, O., and Rygh, A.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 211:275, 1932. 40. Tillmans, J., and Hirsch, P.: Biochem. Ztschr. 250:312, 1932. 41. Dalmer, O., and Moll, T.: E. Merck's Jahresb. , 1932, p. 19. 42. Widmark, E. M., and Glimstedt, G.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 215:147, 1933. 43. Reschke, J.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 1933215, p. 164. 44. Dann, W. J.: Nature , London 131:24, 1933. 45. Westin, G.: Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 2:1, 1933. 46. Micheel, F.: E. Merck's Jahresb. , 1932, p. 4. 47. Major, R.: Personal communication to the authors. 48. Birch, T. W.; Harris, L. S., and Ray, S. N.: Nature , London 131:273, 1933.Crossref 49. Key, K. M., and Elphick, G. K.: Biochem. J. 25:888, 1931. 50. Unpublished minutes of Conference on Vitamin C, Darmstadt, April 14. 1934. 51. Morawitz, P.: Klin. Wchnschr. 13:324, 1934.Crossref 52. Schroeder, H.: Ann. de E. Merck , 1934, pt. 2, p. 118. 53. Wentzler, E.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 59:451, 1934. 54. Neumann, U.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 81:1204 ( (Aug. 10) ) 1934. 55. Brugsch, H.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 81:1202 ( (Aug. 10) ) 1934.Crossref 56. Kramer, E.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59:1428 ( (Sept. 15) ) 1933.Crossref 57. Böger, A., and Schroeder, H.: München med. Wchnschr. 81:1335 ( (Aug. 24) ) 1934. 58. Böger, A., and Schroeder, H.: Klin. Wchnschr. 23:842, 1934.Crossref 59. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Personal communication to the authors, Nov. 27, 1934. 60. Duryee, A. W., and Wright, I. S.: Am. J. M. Sc. 185:664 ( (May) ) 1933.Crossref 61. Wright, I. S.: The Clinical Value of Human Capillary Studies , J. A. M. A. 101: 439 ( (Aug. 5) ) 1933.Crossref 62. Wright, I. S., and Duryee, A. W.: Human Capillaries in Health and in Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 52:545 ( (Oct.) ) 1933.Crossref 63. Wright, I. S., and Moffat, D.: The Effects of Tobacco on the Peripheral System , J. A. M. A. 103: 318 ( (Aug. 4) ) 1934.Crossref 64. Cutter, Irving and Marquardt, Gilbert: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 28:113 ( (Nov.) ) 1930. 65. Hess, A. F.: Recent Advances in Knowledge of Scurvy and the Antiscorbutic Vitamin , J. A. M. A. 98:1429 ( (April 23) ) 1932. 66. Dalldorf, G.: A Sensitive Test for Subclinical Scurvy in Man , Am. J. Dis. Child. 46:794 ( (Oct.) ) 1933. 67. Lindberg, A.: Hygiea 95:10 ( (Jan. 15) ) 1933. 68. Göthlin, G. F.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 18:484 ( (Feb.) ) 1933. 69. Stocking, R. E.: Arch. Pediat. 50: 823, 1933. 70. Greene, D.: Evaluation of the Capillary Resistance Test in the Diagnosis of Subclinical Scurvy , J. A. M. A. 103:4 ( (July 7) ) 1934. 71. Mettier, S. R.; Minot, G. R., and Townsend, W. C.: Scurvy in Adults; Especially Effect of Food Rich in Vitamin C on Blood Formation , J. A. M. A. 95:1089 ( (Oct. 11) ) 1930.Crossref 72. Fenwick, Samule: On Atrophy of the Stomach and on the Nervous Affections of the Digestive Organs , London, J. & A. Churchill, 1880. 73. Castle, W. B., and Locke, E. A.: J. Clin. Investigation 6:2 ( (Aug.) ) 1928. 74. Strauss, M. B.: The Rôle of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract in Conditioning Deficiency Disease , J. A. M. A. 103:1 ( (July 7) ) 1934.Crossref 75. Jackson, R. W.: J. Nutrition 4:171 ( (July) ) 1931 76. Jackson J. Nutrition 7:607 ( (June) ) 1934. 77. All cevitamic acid used in this study was supplied by Merck Co., Inc. 78. Wright, I. S.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:475 ( (Dec.) ) 1934. 79. Schultzer, P.: Hospitalstid. 77:1052 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1934 80. J. A. M. A. 103:1998 ( (Dec. 22) ) 1934. 81. Schultzer, P.: Hospitalstid. 77:1190 ( (Oct. 30) ) 1934. 82. We have since administered 1,000 mg. intravenously daily for periods of fourteen days and 2,000 mg. intravenously on several occasions without untoward effects. 83. Fisher, B. H., and Leake, C. D.: The Parenteral Administration of Cevitamic Acid (Ascorbic Acid) Solutions , J. A. M. A. 103:1556 ( (Nov. 17) ) 1934.

Journal

Archives of Internal MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Feb 1, 1936

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