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Kathleen Key, G. Elphick (1931)
A quantitative method for the determination of vitamin CBiochemical Journal, 25
L. Harris, S. Ray (1933)
Vitamin C and the suprarenal cortex: Loss of potency of guinea-pig suprarenals in scurvy. With notes on a method for determining antiscorbutic activity (hexuronic acid) by chemical means.The Biochemical journal, 27 1
D. Greene (1934)
EVALUATION OF THE CAPILLARY RESISTANCE TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SUBCLINICAL SCURVYJAMA, 103
J. Svirbely, C. King (1931)
The preparation of vitamin C concentrates from lemon juice.Journal of Biological Chemistry, 94
T. Birch, L. Harris (1933)
The titration curve and dissociation constants of vitamin C.The Biochemical journal, 27 2
F. Micheel, K. Kraft (1933)
Constitution of Vitamin CNature, 131
S. Kon (1933)
Lability of the ‘Reducing Factor’ (Vitamin C?) in MilkNature, 132
R. McKinnis, C. King (1930)
THE NATURE OF VITAMIN C A STUDY OF ITS ELECTRICAL TRANSFERENCEJournal of Biological Chemistry, 87
A. Szent-Györgyi
Observations on the function of peroxidase systems and the chemistry of the adrenal cortex: Description of a new carbohydrate derivative.The Biochemical journal, 22 6
I. S. Wright (1933)
Human Capillaries in Health and in DiseaseArch. Int. Med., 52
G. Dalldorf (1933)
A Sensitive Test for Subclinical Scurvy in ManAm. J. Dis. Child., 46
R. Grant, S. Smith (1932)
Narcotine as the alleged precursor of vitamin C.The Biochemical journal, 26 5
I. S. Wright (1933)
The Clinical Value of Human Capillary StudiesJ. A. M. A., 101
A. Mattick, S. Kon (1933)
Influence of Certain Agents on the Lability of the ‘Reducing Factor’ (Vitamin C?) in MilkNature, 132
G. Dalldorf (1933)
A SENSITIVE TEST FOR SUBCLINICAL SCURVY IN MANJAMA Pediatrics, 46
G. Gothlin (1933)
Outline of a method for the determination of the strength of the skin capillaries and the indirect estimation of the individual vitamin C standard.Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 18
B. Fisher, C. Leake (1934)
THE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF CEVITAMIC ACID (ASCORBIC ACID) SOLUTIONSJAMA, 103
M. B. Strauss (1934)
The R�le of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract in Conditioning Deficiency DiseaseJ. A. M. A., 103
W. Haworth (1932)
Hexuronic Acid as the Antiscorbutic FactorNature, 129
A. Hess (1932)
RECENT ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE OF SCURVY AND THE ANTISCORBUTIC VITAMINJAMA, 98
I. Wright (1933)
THE CLINICAL VALUE OF HUMAN CAPILLARY STUDIES: IN FEVER, MENTAL DEFICIENCY, NEPHRITIS, VASCULAR DISEASES, CLUBBED FINGERS, ARTHRITIS, TOBACCO SMOKING AND ARGYRIAJAMA, 101
I. Wright, D. Moffat (1934)
THE EFFECTS OF TOBACCO ON THE PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM: FURTHER STUDIESJAMA, 103
W. Dann (1933)
Methylnornarcotine, Glycuronic Acid, and Vitamin CNature, 131
W. Waugh, Charles King (1932)
Isolation and Identification of Vitamin CNutrition Reviews, 34
I. Wright, A. Duryee (1933)
HUMAN CAPILLARIES IN HEALTH AND IN DISEASEJAMA Internal Medicine, 52
I. S. Wright (1934)
The Effects of Tobacco on the Peripheral SystemJ. A. M. A., 103
S. R. Mettier , G. R. Minot (1930)
Scurvy in AdultsJ. A. M. A., 95
A. Szent-Györgyi (1933)
Identification of Vitamin CNature, 131
W. Waugh (1934)
Unlocking another door to nature's secrets—Vitamin CJournal of Chemical Education, 11
T. Birch, L. Harris, S. Ray (1933)
Hexuronic (Ascorbic) Acid as the Antiscorbutic Factor, and its Chemical DeterminationNature, 131
S. Mettier, G. Minot, W. Townsend (1930)
SCURVY IN ADULTS: ESPECIALLY THE EFFECT OF FOOD RICH IN VITAMIN C ON BLOOD FORMATIONJAMA, 95
D. Green (1933)
The potentials of ascorbic acid.The Biochemical journal, 27 4
Samule Fenwick (1880)
On Atrophy of the Stomach and on the Nervous Affections of the Digestive Organs
Abstract The isolation of hexuronic acid from cabbages, orange juice and adrenal cortex by Szent-Györgyi1 in 1928 opened a new field for investigation, which culminated in 1932 with its identification as crystalline vitamin C, now termed cevitamic acid.2 This substance is an odorless, white or yellowish-white crystalline powder, with a melting point of from 189 to 192 C. An outline of its properties follows: Formula: The acid titration corresponds with the formula C6H8O6.3 Solubility: It is freely soluble in water and also soluble in acetone, acetic ether and propyl alcohol, and insoluble in ethyl ether and purified petroleum benzine.4 Stability: It oxidizes on exposure to air and light. In an inert atmosphere it is quite stable to moderate heat, even in alkaline solution.5 It is decomposed when heated above 185 C.3a Reducing power: It has a high reducing power. This reducing power is the more remarkable since the References 1. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Biochem. J. 22:1387, 1928 2. Nature , London 129:576, 1932.Crossref 3. Tillmans, J.; Hirsch, P., and Hirsch, W.: Ztschr. f. Untersuch. d. Lebensmitt. 63:1, 1932.Crossref 4. Svirbly, J. L., and Szent-Györgyi, A.: Biol. J. 26:865, 1932. 5. Szent-Györgi, A.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 22:852, 1932.Crossref 6. Zilva, S. S.: Nature , London 129:3269, 1932.Crossref 7. Waugh, W. A., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 97:325, 1932. 8. Waugh, W. A.: J. Chem. Educ. 11:69 ( (Feb.) ) 1934.Crossref 9. Birch, T. W., and Harris, L. J.: Biochem. J. 27:595, 1933. 10. Sipple, H. L.; Grettie, D. P.; Svirbly, J. L., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 94:483, 1931-1932. 11. Matsuoka, Tomiji: J. Agric. Chem. Soc. Japan 9:1130, 1933. 12. Herbert, R. W., and others: J. Chem. Soc. , (Sept.) 1933, p. 1270. 13. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Nature , London 131:225 ( (Feb. 18) ) 1933.Crossref 14. Haworth, W. N.: Chem. & Industry 52:482 ( (June 9) ) 1933. 15. McKinnis, R. B., and King, C. G.: J. Biol. Chem. 87:615, 1930. 16. Kon, S. K.: Nature , London 132:64 ( (July 8) ) 1933. 17. Mattick, A. T. R., and Kon, S. K.: Nature 1933132 (July 8) , p. 446. 18. Schroeder, H.: (a) Klin. Wchnschr. 13:553, 1934 19. Bull. Soc. chim. biol. 4:83, 1922. 20. Bessonov, N., and Delire, A.: Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc. 196: 2036 ( (June 26) ) 1933. 21. Lowry, T. M., and Pearman, S. A.: J. Chem. Soc. , (Nov.) 1933, p. 1444. 22. Wurmser, Rene, and de Loureiro, J. A.: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 113: 543, 1933. 23. Georgescu, I.: J. de chim. phys. 29:217, 1932. 24. Green, David E.: Biochem. J. 27:1044, 1933. 25. Waugh (footnotes 2e 26. 3a). 27. Harris, L. J., and Ray, S. N.: Biochem. J. 27:303, 1933. 28. Cox, E. G.; Hirst, E. L., and Reynolds, R. J. W.: Nature , London 130: 888, 1932Crossref 29. Chem. & Industry 52:221, 1933. 30. Karrer, P.: Biochem. Ztschr. 4:258, 1933 31. Helvet. chim. acta. 16:302, 1933. 32. Micheel, F., and Kraft, K.: Nature , London 131:274, 1933 33. Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 216:233, 1933. 34. Reichstein, T.: Grussner, A., and Oppenauer, R.: Helvet. chim. acta 16: 561, 1933. 35. Rygh, O.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 204:105, 1932. 36. Dalmer, O., and Moll, T.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 209:4 and 211, 1932. 37. Bruggeman, J.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 211:3 and 231, 1932. 38. Grant, R. I.; Smith, S., and Zilva, S. S.: Biochem. J. 26:1628, 1932. 39. Rygh, O., and Rygh, A.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 211:275, 1932. 40. Tillmans, J., and Hirsch, P.: Biochem. Ztschr. 250:312, 1932. 41. Dalmer, O., and Moll, T.: E. Merck's Jahresb. , 1932, p. 19. 42. Widmark, E. M., and Glimstedt, G.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 215:147, 1933. 43. Reschke, J.: Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 1933215, p. 164. 44. Dann, W. J.: Nature , London 131:24, 1933. 45. Westin, G.: Ztschr. f. Vitaminforsch. 2:1, 1933. 46. Micheel, F.: E. Merck's Jahresb. , 1932, p. 4. 47. Major, R.: Personal communication to the authors. 48. Birch, T. W.; Harris, L. S., and Ray, S. N.: Nature , London 131:273, 1933.Crossref 49. Key, K. M., and Elphick, G. K.: Biochem. J. 25:888, 1931. 50. Unpublished minutes of Conference on Vitamin C, Darmstadt, April 14. 1934. 51. Morawitz, P.: Klin. Wchnschr. 13:324, 1934.Crossref 52. Schroeder, H.: Ann. de E. Merck , 1934, pt. 2, p. 118. 53. Wentzler, E.: Monatschr. f. Kinderh. 59:451, 1934. 54. Neumann, U.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 81:1204 ( (Aug. 10) ) 1934. 55. Brugsch, H.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 81:1202 ( (Aug. 10) ) 1934.Crossref 56. Kramer, E.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 59:1428 ( (Sept. 15) ) 1933.Crossref 57. Böger, A., and Schroeder, H.: München med. Wchnschr. 81:1335 ( (Aug. 24) ) 1934. 58. Böger, A., and Schroeder, H.: Klin. Wchnschr. 23:842, 1934.Crossref 59. Szent-Györgyi, A.: Personal communication to the authors, Nov. 27, 1934. 60. Duryee, A. W., and Wright, I. S.: Am. J. M. Sc. 185:664 ( (May) ) 1933.Crossref 61. Wright, I. S.: The Clinical Value of Human Capillary Studies , J. A. M. A. 101: 439 ( (Aug. 5) ) 1933.Crossref 62. Wright, I. S., and Duryee, A. W.: Human Capillaries in Health and in Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 52:545 ( (Oct.) ) 1933.Crossref 63. Wright, I. S., and Moffat, D.: The Effects of Tobacco on the Peripheral System , J. A. M. A. 103: 318 ( (Aug. 4) ) 1934.Crossref 64. Cutter, Irving and Marquardt, Gilbert: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 28:113 ( (Nov.) ) 1930. 65. Hess, A. F.: Recent Advances in Knowledge of Scurvy and the Antiscorbutic Vitamin , J. A. M. A. 98:1429 ( (April 23) ) 1932. 66. Dalldorf, G.: A Sensitive Test for Subclinical Scurvy in Man , Am. J. Dis. Child. 46:794 ( (Oct.) ) 1933. 67. Lindberg, A.: Hygiea 95:10 ( (Jan. 15) ) 1933. 68. Göthlin, G. F.: J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 18:484 ( (Feb.) ) 1933. 69. Stocking, R. E.: Arch. Pediat. 50: 823, 1933. 70. Greene, D.: Evaluation of the Capillary Resistance Test in the Diagnosis of Subclinical Scurvy , J. A. M. A. 103:4 ( (July 7) ) 1934. 71. Mettier, S. R.; Minot, G. R., and Townsend, W. C.: Scurvy in Adults; Especially Effect of Food Rich in Vitamin C on Blood Formation , J. A. M. A. 95:1089 ( (Oct. 11) ) 1930.Crossref 72. Fenwick, Samule: On Atrophy of the Stomach and on the Nervous Affections of the Digestive Organs , London, J. & A. Churchill, 1880. 73. Castle, W. B., and Locke, E. A.: J. Clin. Investigation 6:2 ( (Aug.) ) 1928. 74. Strauss, M. B.: The Rôle of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract in Conditioning Deficiency Disease , J. A. M. A. 103:1 ( (July 7) ) 1934.Crossref 75. Jackson, R. W.: J. Nutrition 4:171 ( (July) ) 1931 76. Jackson J. Nutrition 7:607 ( (June) ) 1934. 77. All cevitamic acid used in this study was supplied by Merck Co., Inc. 78. Wright, I. S.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 32:475 ( (Dec.) ) 1934. 79. Schultzer, P.: Hospitalstid. 77:1052 ( (Sept. 25) ) 1934 80. J. A. M. A. 103:1998 ( (Dec. 22) ) 1934. 81. Schultzer, P.: Hospitalstid. 77:1190 ( (Oct. 30) ) 1934. 82. We have since administered 1,000 mg. intravenously daily for periods of fourteen days and 2,000 mg. intravenously on several occasions without untoward effects. 83. Fisher, B. H., and Leake, C. D.: The Parenteral Administration of Cevitamic Acid (Ascorbic Acid) Solutions , J. A. M. A. 103:1556 ( (Nov. 17) ) 1934.
Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Feb 1, 1936
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