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FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF DRUGS ON INDUCED CARDIAC STANDSTILL: EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF DRUGS ON INDUCED CARDIAC STANDSTILL: EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE... Abstract The heart possesses several important properties. The function most familiar to the clinician is contractility which, when impaired, leads to the frequently observed slow cardiac failure. Sudden cessation of the cardiac activity, however, results from disturbance in another essential property of the heart, that of stimulus formation, termed rhythmicity or automaticity. Normally the sinus node produces the stimulus necessary for cardiac contraction, and the activity of the heart abruptly ceases if this or other rhythmic centers fail to function. Absence of an impulse-initiating mechanism is the cause of the ventricular standstill in complete heart block. The frequency with which impairment of the rhythmic function occurs in other clinical conditions is uncertain, but it probably plays a part in the sudden cardiac arrest occasionally observed on the operating table. The success with which intracardiac injection has resuscitated the asystolic heart in shock, asphyxia and various types of poisoning indicates that the References 1. Czermack, J. N.: Ueber mechanische Vagusreizung beim Menschen , Jenaische Ztschr. f. Med. u. Naturw. 2:384, 1866. 2. Hering, H. E.: Die Karotissinus-Reflexe auf Herz und Gefässe , Dresden, Theodor Steinkopff, 1927. 3. Nathanson, M. H.: Site of Hypersensitiveness of the Exaggerated Sinus Caroticus Reflex , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 29:1037, 1932. 4. Nathanson, M. H.: A Method for the Study of the Rhythmic Property of the Human Heart , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 30:967, 1933 5. Effect of Drugs on Cardiac Standstill Induced by Pressure on the Carotid Sinus , Arch. Int. Med. 51:387 ( (March) ) 1933. 6. Rothberger, C. J., and Winterberg, H.: Ueber die experimentelle Erzeugung extrasystolischer ventrikulärer Tachykardie durch Accelleransreizung , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 142:461, 1911. 7. Cullis, W. E., and Tribe, E. M.: Distribution of Nerves in the Heart , J. Physiol. 46:141, 1913. 8. Miller, T. G.: A Consideration of the Clinical Value of Ephedrine , Am. J. M. Sc. 170:157, 1925. 9. Fahr, George: personal communication to the author. 10. Hollingsworth, M.: Ephedrine in Adams-Stokes Syndrome , California & West. Med. 26:802, 1927. 11. Stecher, R. M.: A Note on Adams-Stokes Disease Treated with Ephedrine , Am. Heart J. 3:567, 1928. 12. Wood, J. E., Jr.: Ephedrine in Adams-Stokes Syndrome , J. A. M. A. 98:1364 ( (April 16) ) 1932. 13. Cheer, S. N.; Tung, C. L., and Bien, C. W.: Combined Effect of Ephedrine and Atropine on Complete Heart Block , Am. Heart J. 8:400, 1933. 14. Cohn, A. E., and Levine, S. A.: The Beneficial Effects of Barium Chloride on Adams-Stokes Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 36:1 ( (July) ) 1925. 15. Parsonnet, A. E., and Hyman, A. S.: Barium Chloride in Stokes-Adams Syndrome of Complete Heart Block , Am. J. M. Sc. 180:356, 1930. 16. Schwartz, S. P.: The Action of Digitalis on Complete Heart Block , Am. Heart J. 4:408, 1929. 17. von Egmond, A. A. J.: Ueber die Wirkung einiger Arzneimittel beim volständigen Herzblock , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 154:39, 1913. 18. Hirschfelder, A. D.: Diseases of the Heart and Aorta , ed. 3, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1918, p. 587. 19. Hyman, A. S.: Resuscitation of the Stopped Heart by Intracardiac Therapy , Arch. Int. Med. 46:553 ( (Oct.) ) 1930. 20. Markowitz, C., and Yater, W. M.: Response of Explanted Cardiac Muscle to Thyroxine , Am. J. Physiol. 100:162, 1932. 21. Blackford, J. M., and Willius, F. A.: Chronic Heart Block , Am. J. M. Sc. 154:585, 1917. 22. Drake, E. H.: A Case of Complete Heart Block with Interesting Reaction to Drugs , Am. Heart J. 3:560, 1928. 23. Aub, J. C., and Stern, N. S.: The Influence of Thyroid Extract on the Total Metabolism and Heart in a Case of Heart Block , Arch. Int. Med. 21:130 ( (Jan.) ) 1918. 24. Barger, G., and Dale, H. H.: Chemical Structure and Sympathiomimetic Action of Amines , J. Physiol. 41:19, 1910. 25. Cushny, A. R.: The Action of Optical Isomers , J. Physiol. 37:130, 1908 26. Further Note on Adrenalin Isomers , Cushny J. Physiol. 38:259, 1909. 27. Launoy, L., and Menguy, B.: Documents numériques sur les adrenalins, droite, gauche et sur l'adrenalone , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 87:1066, 1922. 28. Fromherz, K.: Die Blutdruckwirkung des racemischen suprarenius und seiner optisch aktiven Komponenten , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 49:814, 1923.Crossref 29. Tainter, M. L.: Comparative Actions of Sympathomimetic Compounds: Catechol Derivatives , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 40:43, 1930. 30. Jackson, D. E.: The Peripheral Action of Certain Drugs , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 4:291, 1912. 31. Hewlett, A. W., and Kay, W. E.: The Effect of Tyramin on Circulatory Failure , J. A. M. A. 70:1810 ( (June 15) ) 1918. 32. Dale, H. H., and Dixon, W. E.: The Action of Pressor Amines Produced by Putrefaction , J. Physiol. 39:25, 1909. 33. Tainter, M. L.: The Action of Tyramine on the Circulation and Smooth Muscle , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 30:163, 1926. 34. Jackson, D. E.: The Action of Drugs on Bronchioles , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 5:491, 1914. 35. Gradinesco, A.: Difference d'action entre l'éphédrine et l'adrenaline , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 96:1027, 1927. 36. La Barre, J.: Existe-t-il une syncope éphédrino-chloroformique , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 98:863, 1928. 37. Chen, K. K.: A Comparative Study of Synthetic and Natural Ephedrines , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 33:237, 1928. 38. Chen, K. K., and Meek, W. J.: A Comparative Study of Ephedrine, Tyramine and Epinephrine with Special Reference to the Circulation , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 28:59, 1926. 39. Alles, G. A.: Comparative Physiological Action of Phenylethanolamine , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 32:121, 1928. 40. Tainter, M. L.: Pharmacological Actions of Phenylethanolamine , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 36:29, 1929. 41. Miller, H., and Piness, G.: A Synthetic Substitute for Ephedrine , J. A. M. A. 91:1033 ( (Oct. 6) ) 1928. 42. Dakin, H. D.: On the Physiological Activity of Substances Indirectly Related to Adrenalin , Proc. Roy. Soc. London , s. B 76:493, 1905. 43. Luckhardt, A. B., and Koppanyi, T.: Studies on the Hemodynamic Action of Subcutaneously Injected Epinephrin , Am. J. Physiol. 81:436, 1927. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Internal Medicine American Medical Association

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF DRUGS ON INDUCED CARDIAC STANDSTILL: EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Archives of Internal Medicine , Volume 54 (1) – Jul 1, 1934

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References (50)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1934 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0730-188X
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1934.00160130114008
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract The heart possesses several important properties. The function most familiar to the clinician is contractility which, when impaired, leads to the frequently observed slow cardiac failure. Sudden cessation of the cardiac activity, however, results from disturbance in another essential property of the heart, that of stimulus formation, termed rhythmicity or automaticity. Normally the sinus node produces the stimulus necessary for cardiac contraction, and the activity of the heart abruptly ceases if this or other rhythmic centers fail to function. Absence of an impulse-initiating mechanism is the cause of the ventricular standstill in complete heart block. The frequency with which impairment of the rhythmic function occurs in other clinical conditions is uncertain, but it probably plays a part in the sudden cardiac arrest occasionally observed on the operating table. The success with which intracardiac injection has resuscitated the asystolic heart in shock, asphyxia and various types of poisoning indicates that the References 1. Czermack, J. N.: Ueber mechanische Vagusreizung beim Menschen , Jenaische Ztschr. f. Med. u. Naturw. 2:384, 1866. 2. Hering, H. E.: Die Karotissinus-Reflexe auf Herz und Gefässe , Dresden, Theodor Steinkopff, 1927. 3. Nathanson, M. H.: Site of Hypersensitiveness of the Exaggerated Sinus Caroticus Reflex , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 29:1037, 1932. 4. Nathanson, M. H.: A Method for the Study of the Rhythmic Property of the Human Heart , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 30:967, 1933 5. Effect of Drugs on Cardiac Standstill Induced by Pressure on the Carotid Sinus , Arch. Int. Med. 51:387 ( (March) ) 1933. 6. Rothberger, C. J., and Winterberg, H.: Ueber die experimentelle Erzeugung extrasystolischer ventrikulärer Tachykardie durch Accelleransreizung , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 142:461, 1911. 7. Cullis, W. E., and Tribe, E. M.: Distribution of Nerves in the Heart , J. Physiol. 46:141, 1913. 8. Miller, T. G.: A Consideration of the Clinical Value of Ephedrine , Am. J. M. Sc. 170:157, 1925. 9. Fahr, George: personal communication to the author. 10. Hollingsworth, M.: Ephedrine in Adams-Stokes Syndrome , California & West. Med. 26:802, 1927. 11. Stecher, R. M.: A Note on Adams-Stokes Disease Treated with Ephedrine , Am. Heart J. 3:567, 1928. 12. Wood, J. E., Jr.: Ephedrine in Adams-Stokes Syndrome , J. A. M. A. 98:1364 ( (April 16) ) 1932. 13. Cheer, S. N.; Tung, C. L., and Bien, C. W.: Combined Effect of Ephedrine and Atropine on Complete Heart Block , Am. Heart J. 8:400, 1933. 14. Cohn, A. E., and Levine, S. A.: The Beneficial Effects of Barium Chloride on Adams-Stokes Disease , Arch. Int. Med. 36:1 ( (July) ) 1925. 15. Parsonnet, A. E., and Hyman, A. S.: Barium Chloride in Stokes-Adams Syndrome of Complete Heart Block , Am. J. M. Sc. 180:356, 1930. 16. Schwartz, S. P.: The Action of Digitalis on Complete Heart Block , Am. Heart J. 4:408, 1929. 17. von Egmond, A. A. J.: Ueber die Wirkung einiger Arzneimittel beim volständigen Herzblock , Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol. 154:39, 1913. 18. Hirschfelder, A. D.: Diseases of the Heart and Aorta , ed. 3, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1918, p. 587. 19. Hyman, A. S.: Resuscitation of the Stopped Heart by Intracardiac Therapy , Arch. Int. Med. 46:553 ( (Oct.) ) 1930. 20. Markowitz, C., and Yater, W. M.: Response of Explanted Cardiac Muscle to Thyroxine , Am. J. Physiol. 100:162, 1932. 21. Blackford, J. M., and Willius, F. A.: Chronic Heart Block , Am. J. M. Sc. 154:585, 1917. 22. Drake, E. H.: A Case of Complete Heart Block with Interesting Reaction to Drugs , Am. Heart J. 3:560, 1928. 23. Aub, J. C., and Stern, N. S.: The Influence of Thyroid Extract on the Total Metabolism and Heart in a Case of Heart Block , Arch. Int. Med. 21:130 ( (Jan.) ) 1918. 24. Barger, G., and Dale, H. H.: Chemical Structure and Sympathiomimetic Action of Amines , J. Physiol. 41:19, 1910. 25. Cushny, A. R.: The Action of Optical Isomers , J. Physiol. 37:130, 1908 26. Further Note on Adrenalin Isomers , Cushny J. Physiol. 38:259, 1909. 27. Launoy, L., and Menguy, B.: Documents numériques sur les adrenalins, droite, gauche et sur l'adrenalone , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 87:1066, 1922. 28. Fromherz, K.: Die Blutdruckwirkung des racemischen suprarenius und seiner optisch aktiven Komponenten , Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 49:814, 1923.Crossref 29. Tainter, M. L.: Comparative Actions of Sympathomimetic Compounds: Catechol Derivatives , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 40:43, 1930. 30. Jackson, D. E.: The Peripheral Action of Certain Drugs , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 4:291, 1912. 31. Hewlett, A. W., and Kay, W. E.: The Effect of Tyramin on Circulatory Failure , J. A. M. A. 70:1810 ( (June 15) ) 1918. 32. Dale, H. H., and Dixon, W. E.: The Action of Pressor Amines Produced by Putrefaction , J. Physiol. 39:25, 1909. 33. Tainter, M. L.: The Action of Tyramine on the Circulation and Smooth Muscle , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 30:163, 1926. 34. Jackson, D. E.: The Action of Drugs on Bronchioles , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 5:491, 1914. 35. Gradinesco, A.: Difference d'action entre l'éphédrine et l'adrenaline , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 96:1027, 1927. 36. La Barre, J.: Existe-t-il une syncope éphédrino-chloroformique , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 98:863, 1928. 37. Chen, K. K.: A Comparative Study of Synthetic and Natural Ephedrines , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 33:237, 1928. 38. Chen, K. K., and Meek, W. J.: A Comparative Study of Ephedrine, Tyramine and Epinephrine with Special Reference to the Circulation , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 28:59, 1926. 39. Alles, G. A.: Comparative Physiological Action of Phenylethanolamine , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 32:121, 1928. 40. Tainter, M. L.: Pharmacological Actions of Phenylethanolamine , J. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therap. 36:29, 1929. 41. Miller, H., and Piness, G.: A Synthetic Substitute for Ephedrine , J. A. M. A. 91:1033 ( (Oct. 6) ) 1928. 42. Dakin, H. D.: On the Physiological Activity of Substances Indirectly Related to Adrenalin , Proc. Roy. Soc. London , s. B 76:493, 1905. 43. Luckhardt, A. B., and Koppanyi, T.: Studies on the Hemodynamic Action of Subcutaneously Injected Epinephrin , Am. J. Physiol. 81:436, 1927.

Journal

Archives of Internal MedicineAmerican Medical Association

Published: Jul 1, 1934

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