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W. Bullock, W. Cramer (1919)
On a New Factor in the Mechanism of Bacterial InfectionProceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 90
C. Thom, Ruth Edmondson, L. Giltner (1919)
BOTULISM FROM CANNED ASPARAGUSJAMA, 73
G. Burke (1919)
THE OCCURRENCE OF BACILLUS BOTULINUS IN NATUREJournal of Bacteriology, 4
L. Shippen (1919)
TOXIN FORMATION BY A VARIETY OF B. BOTULINUS WHEN CULTIVATED AEROBICALLY UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS: ITS POSSIBLE PRODUCTION IN THE ANIMAL BODYJAMA Internal Medicine, 23
Abstract As commonly discussed in the literature, the danger of botulism lies entirely in the toxin produced by the organisms outside the animal body. Freed from toxin, Bacillus botulinus and its spores have frequently been fed or injected without loss of experimental animals. Warnings against spoiled food have commonly indicated that such foods were freed from all possible dangers of producing botulism by boiling.1 The toxin is certainly destroyed by a brief heating at 80 C. or less. Certain strains of type B (for example the Nevin organism) and their spores are killed quickly at 100 C. More recently strains of type A (such as the Boise described by us in a recent paper2) have been shown to be very resistant. Clearly, a scrutiny of the organism itself as a possible source of danger was demanded. In examining suspected canned foods, B. botulinus has been found by us commonly associated with References 1. Dickson: J. A. M. A. 69:966 ( (Sept. 22) ) 1917.Crossref 2. Thom. Charles, Edmondson, Ruth B., and Giltner, L. T.: Botulism from Canned Asparagus , J. A. M. A. 73:907 ( (Sept. 20) ) 1919. 3. Kemper and Pollock: Deutsch. med. Wchnschr. 505, 1897. 4. Burke, G. S.: The Occurrence of Bacillus botulinus in Nature , J. Bacteriol. 4:54 ( (Sept.) ) 1919. 5. Graham, R., Himmelberger, L. R., and Pontius, R. L.: A Disease Resembling "Forage Poisoning" in Horses and Mules Wherein Oat Hay Incorporated the Primary Factor. Proc. U. S. Live Stock Sanit. Ass'n , 1915, pp. 22. 6. Buckley, J. S., and Shippen, L. P.: Preliminary Report on the Relation of Anaerobic Organisms to Forage Poisoning , J. Am. Veter. M. A. 50:809, 1917. 7. Shippen, L. P.: Toxin Formation by a Variety of B. botulinus When Cultivated Aerobically under Various Conditions. Its Possible Production in the Animal Body , Arch. Int. Med. 23:346 ( (March) ) 1919.Crossref 8. Bullock, W. E., and Cramer, W.: On a New Factor in the Mechanism of Bacterial Infection , Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Series B . 90:513 ( (May 15) ) 1919.Crossref 9. Paul F. Orr: Some Observations on the Biological Characteristics of B. botulinus and Its Toxins , Abstr. Bacteriol. 4: ( (Feb.) ) 1920.
Archives of Internal Medicine – American Medical Association
Published: Sep 1, 1920
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