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ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Population-Based Case-Control Study John J. McGrath, MD, PhD, FRANZCP; Darryl W. Eyles, PhD; Carsten B. Pedersen, MSc, DMSc; Cameron Anderson, BSc; Pauline Ko, BSc; Thomas H. Burne, PhD; Bent Norgaard-Pedersen, MD, PhD; David M. Hougaard, MD, PhD; Preben B. Mortensen, MD, DMSc Context: Clues from the epidemiology of schizophre- Results: Compared with neonates in the fourth quin- nia suggest that low levels of developmental vitamin D tile (with 25[OH]D3 concentrations between 40.5 and may be associated with increased risk of schizophrenia. 50.9 nmol/L), those in each of the lower 3 quintiles had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia Objective: To directly examine the association between (2-fold elevated risk). Unexpectedly, those in the highest quintile also had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia. Based on this analysis, the Design: Individually matched case-control study drawn population-attributable fraction associated with neo- from a population-based cohort. natal vitamin D status was 44%. The relationship was not explained by a wide range of potential confound- Setting: Danish national health registers and neonatal ing or interacting variables. biobank. Conclusions: Both low and high concentrations of neo- Participants: A total of 424 individuals with schizo- natal vitamin D are associated with increased risk
JAMA Psychiatry – American Medical Association
Published: Sep 1, 2010
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