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Lasers in Dermatology—1993

Lasers in Dermatology—1993 Abstract THERE HAS been a great increase in the understanding of laser tissue interactions in the 11 years since the last laser editorial in the Archives by Arndt and Noe.1 This has resulted in the development of numerous new-generation laser systems that take full advantage of the unique properties of laser light to achieve very specific and confined effects in tissue while minimizing collateral damage. All three laser studies in this issue of the Archives are good examples of the progress that has been achieved.2-4 ORIGINAL LASERS IN DERMATOLOGY The first laser to be used in humans was a ruby laser studied by Leon Goldman, a dermatologist, in the early 1960s.5 He made numerous observations regarding laser tissue interaction with the ruby laser. He demonstrated specific laser effects on epidermal components of the skin and tested the laser on various benign as well as malignant lesions.5-7 The References 1. Arndt KA, Noe JM. Lasers in dermatology . Arch Dermatol. 1982;118:293-295.Crossref 2. Kilmer SL, Lee MS, Grevelink JM, Flotte TJ, Anderson RR. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) effectively treats tattoos: a controlled, doseresponse study . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:971-978.Crossref 3. Frederickson KS, White WE, Wheeland RG, Slaughter DR. Precise ablation of skin with reduced collateral damage using the femtosecond-pulsed, terrawatt titanium:sapphire laser . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:989-993.Crossref 4. Green HA, Burd EE, Nishioka NS, Compton CC. Skin graft take and healing following 193 nm-excimer, continuous wave carbon dioxide (CO2), pulsed CO2, or pulsed holmium:YAG laser ablation of the graft bed . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:982-988. 5. Goldman L, Blaney DJ, Kindel DJ, et al. Effect of the laser beam on the skin: preliminary report . J Invest Dermatol. 1963;40:121-122. 6. Goldman L, Blaney DJ, Kindel DJ, Richfield D, Franke EK. Pathology of the effect of the laser beam on the skin . Nature. 1963;197:912-914.Crossref 7. Goldman L, Rockwell RJ, Meyer R, Otten R. Investigative studies with the laser in the treatment of basal cell epitheliomas . South Med J. 1968;61:735-742.Crossref 8. Goldman L, Rockwell RJ, Meyer R, Otten R, Wilson RG, Kitzmiller KW. Laser treatment of tattoos: a preliminary survey of three year's clinical experience . JAMA. 1967;201:841-844.Crossref 9. Reid WH, McLeod PJ, Ritchie A, Ferguson PM. Q-switched ruby laser treatment of black tattoos . Br J Plast Surg. 1983;36:455-459.Crossref 10. Reid WH, Miller ID, Murphy MJ, Paul JP, Evans JH. Q-switched ruby laser treatment of tattoos: a 9-year experience . Br J Plast Surg. 1990;43:663-669.Crossref 11. Taylor CR, Gange RW, Dover JS, et al. Treatment of tattoos by Q-switched ruby laser: a dose-response study . Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:893-899.Crossref 12. Touquet VLR, Carruth JAS. Review of the argon laser treatment of port wine stains with the argon laser . Lasers Surg Med. 1984;4:191-199.Crossref 13. Arndt KA. Argon laser therapy of small cutaneous vascular lesions . Arch Dermatol. 1982;118:220-224.Crossref 14. Apfelberg DB, Maser MR, Lash H. Argon laser treatment of cutaneous vascular abnormalities: progress report . Ann Plast Surg. 1978;1:14-18.Crossref 15. Goldman L, Dreffer R, Rockwell RJ Jr, Perry E. Treatment of portwine marks by an argon laser . J Dermatol Surg. 1976;2:385-388.Crossref 16. Noe JM, Barsky SH, Geer DE, Rosen S. Port wine stains and the response to argon laser therapy: successful treatment and the predictive role of color, age, and biopsy . Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;65:130-139.Crossref 17. Cosman B. Experience in the argon laser therapy of port wine stains . Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;65:119-129.Crossref 18. Apfelberg DB, Flores JT, Maser MR, Lash H. Analysis of complications of argon laser treatment for port wine hemangiomas with reference to striped technique . Lasers Surg Med. 1983;2:357-371.Crossref 19. Apfelberg DB, Maser MR, Lash H, Rivers JL. Progress report on extended clinical use of the argon laser for cutaneous lesions . Lasers Surg Med. 1980; 1:71-83.Crossref 20. Greenwald J, Rosen S, Anderson RR, et al. Comparative histological studies of the tunable dye (at 577 nm) laser and argon laser: the specific vascular effects of the dye laser . J Invest Dermatol. 1981;77:305-310.Crossref 21. McBurney El, Leonard GL. Argon laser treatment of port-wine hemangiomas: clinical and histologic correlation . South Med J. 1981;74:925-930.Crossref 22. Finley JL, Barsky SH, Geer DE, Kamat BR, Noe JM, Rosen S. Healing of port-wine stains after argon laser therapy . Arch Dermatol. 1981;117:486-489.Crossref 23. Finley JL, Arndt KA, Noe J, Rosen S. Argon laser—port-wine stain interaction: immediate effects . Arch Dermatol. 1984;120:613-619.Crossref 24. Arndt KA. Treatment technics in argon laser therapy: comparison of pulsed and continuous exposures . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984;11:90-97.Crossref 25. Gilchrest BA, Rosen S, Noe JM. Chilling port wine stains improves the response to argon laser therapy . Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;69:278-283.Crossref 26. Carruth JAS. The establishment of precise physical parameters for the treatment of the port wine stain with the argon laser . Lasers Surg Med. 1982;2:37-42.Crossref 27. Neumann RA, Knobler RM, Leonhartsberger H, Gebhart W. Comparative histochemistry of port-wine stains after copper vapor laser (578 nm) and argon laser treatment . J Invest Dermatol. 1992;99:160-167.Crossref 28. Apfelberg DB, Maser MR, Lash H, Rivers J. The argon laser for cutaneous lesions . JAMA. 1981;245:2073-2075.Crossref 29. Landthaler M, Haina D, Waidelich W, Braun-Falco O. A three-year experience with the argon laser in dermatotherapy . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1984:10:456-461.Crossref 30. Apfelberg DB, Rivers J, Maser MR, Lash H. Update on laser usage in treatment of decorative tattoos . Lasers Surg Med. 1982;2:169-177.Crossref 31. Arndt KA. Argon laser treatment of lentigo maligna . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1984;10:953-957.Crossref 32. Curcio JA, Petty CC. The near infrared absorption spectrum of liquid water . Lasers Surg Med. 1988;8:108-118.Crossref 33. Adams EL, Price NM. Treatment of basal-cell carcinomas with a carbondioxide laser . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1979;5:803-806.Crossref 34. Labandter H, Kaplan I. Experience with a `continuous' laser in the treatment of suitable cutaneous conditions: preliminary report . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1977;3:527-530.Crossref 35. Olbricht SA, Arndt KA. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of cutaneous disorders . Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:297-300.Crossref 36. Fairhurst MV, Roenigk RK, Brodland DG. Carbon dioxide laser surgery for skin disease . Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67:49-58.Crossref 37. Fidler JP, Law E, MacMillan BG, Fox SH, Rockwell RJ. Comparison of carbon dioxide laser excision of burns with other thermal knives . Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976;267:254-262.Crossref 38. Hall RR. The healing of tissues incised by a carbon-dioxide laser . Br J Surg. 1971;58:222-225.Crossref 39. Norris CW, Mullarky MB. Experimental skin incision made with the carbon dioxide laser . Laryngoscope. 1982;92:416-419.Crossref 40. McBurney El, Rosen DA. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of verrucae vulgares . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1984;10:45-48.Crossref 41. Ferenczy A. Laser therapy of genital condylomata acuminata . Obstet Gynecol. 1984;63:703-707. 42. Bellina JH. The use of the carbon dioxide laser in the management of condyloma acuminatum with eight-year follow-up . Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983;147: 375-378. 43. Ratz JL, Bailin PL, Wheeland RG. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of epidermal nevi . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1986;12:567-570.Crossref 44. Stanley RJ, Roenigk RK. Actinic cheilitis: treatment with the carbon dioxide laser . Mayo Clin Proc. 1988;63:230-235.Crossref 45. Wheeland RG, Bailin PL, Ratz JL. Combined carbon dioxide laser excision and vaporization in the treatment of rhinophyma . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1987; 13:172-177.Crossref 46. Bailin PL, Ratz JL, Levine HL. Removal of tattoos by CO2 laser . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1980;6:997-1001.Crossref 47. Kantor G, Wheeland RG, Bailin PL. Treatment of earlobe keloids with carbon dioxide laser excision: a report of 16 cases . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1985; 11:1063-1067.Crossref 48. Wheeland RG, Bailin PL, Kronberg E. Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser vaporization for the treatment of multiple trichoepithelioma . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1984; 10:470-475.Crossref 49. Eliezri YD, Skalar JA. Lymphangioma circumscriptum: review and evaluation of carbon dioxide laser vaporization . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1988;14:357-364.Crossref 50. Wheeland RG, Bailin PL. Scalp reduction surgery with the carbon dioxide laser . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1984;10:565-569.Crossref 51. Kamat BR, Carney JM, Arndt KA, Stern RS, Rosen S. Cutaneous tissue repair following CO2 laser irradiation . J Invest Dermatol. 1986;87:268-271.Crossref 52. Olbricht SO, Stern RS, Arndt KA. CO2 laser and cold steel surgical treatment of keloids give comparable results . Lasers Surg Med. 1988;8:187. 53. Ferenczy A, Mitao M, Nagai N, Silverstein SJ, Crum CP. Latent papillomavirus and recurring genital warts . N Engl J Med. 1985;313:784-788.Crossref 54. Robinson JK. Actinic cheilitis: a prospective study comparing four treatment methods . Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1989;115:848-852.Crossref 55. Greenbaum SS, Krull EA, Watnich R. Comparison of CO2 laser and electrosurgery in the treatment of rhinophyma . J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:363-368.Crossref 56. Zelickson BD, Roenigk RK. Actinic cheilitis: treatment with the carbon dioxide laser . Cancer. 1990;65:1307-1311.Crossref 57. Alamillos-Granados FJ, Naval-Gias L, Dean-Ferrer A, Alonso del Hoyo JR. Carbon dioxide laser vermilionectomy for actinic cheilitis . J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51:118-121.Crossref 58. Johnson TM, Sebastien TS, Lowe L, Nelson BR. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of actinic cheilitis: clinicohistopathologic correlation to determine the optimal depth of destruction . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;22:737-740.Crossref 59. Haina D, Landthaler M, Braun-Falco O, Waidelich W. Comparison of the maximum coagulation depth in human skin for different types of medical lasers . Lasers Surg Med. 1987;7:355-362.Crossref 60. Landthaler M, Haina D, Brunner R, Waidelich W, Braun-Falco O. Neodymium-YAG laser therapy for vascular lesions . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14:107-117.Crossref 61. Rosenfeld H, Sherman R. Treatment of cutaneous and deep vascular lesions with the Nd:YAG laser . Lasers Surg Med. 1986;6:20-23.Crossref 62. Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Microvasculature can be selectively damaged using dye lasers: a basic theory and experimental evidence in human skin . Lasers Surg Med. 1981;1:263-276.Crossref 63. Anderson RR, Parrish JA. The optics of human skin . J Invest Dermatol. 1981; 77:13-19.Crossref 64. Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Optical properties of human skin . In: Regan JD, Parrish JA, eds. The Science of Photomedicine . New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1982:147-194. 65. Arndt KA, Noe JM, Northam DBC. Laser therapy: basic concepts and nomenclature . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981;5:649-654.Crossref 66. Tan OT, Sherwood R, Gilchrest BA. Treatment of children with port-wine stains using the flashlamp-pulsed tunable dye laser . N Engl J Med. 1989;320:416-421.Crossref 67. McDaniel DH, Mordon S. Hexascan: a new robotized scanning laser handpiece . Cutis . 1990:45:300-305. 68. Dover JS, Margolis RJ, Polla LL, et al. Pigmented guinea pig skin irradiated with Q-switched ruby laser pulses: morphologic and histologic findings . Arch Dermatol. 1989;125:43-49.Crossref 69. Hruza GJ, Dover JS, Flotte TJ, Goetschkes M, Watanabe S, Anderson RR. Q-switched ruby laser irradiation of normal human skin: histologic and ultrastructural findings . Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:1799-1805.Crossref 70. Taylor CR, Anderson RR, Gange RW, Michaud NA, Flotte TJ. Light and electron microscopic analysis of tattoos treated by Q-switched ruby laser . J Invest Dermatol. 1991;97:131-136.Crossref 71. Anderson RR, Parrish RR. Selective photothermolysis: precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation . Science. 1983;220:524-527.Crossref 72. Tan OT, Murray S, Kurban AK. Action spectrum of vascular specific injury using pulsed irradiation . J Invest Dermatol. 1989;92:868-871.Crossref 73. Garden JM, Tan OT, Kerschmann R, et al. Effect of dye laser pulse duration on selective cutaneous vascular injury . J Invest Dermatol. 1986;87:653-657.Crossref 74. Tan OT, Carney JM, Margolis R, et al. Histologic responses of port-wine stains treated by argon, carbon dioxide, and tunable dye lasers: a preliminary report . Arch Dermatol. 1986;122:1016-1022.Crossref 75. Morelli JG, Tan OT, Garden J, et al. Tunable dye laser (577 nm) treatment of port wine stains . Lasers Surg Med. 1986;6:94-99.Crossref 76. Reyes BA, Geronemus R. Treatment of port-wine stains during childhood with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;23:1142-1148.Crossref 77. Ashinoff R, Geronemus RG. Flashlamp-pumped dye laser for port-wine stains in infancy: early versus later treatment . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;24:467-472.Crossref 78. Day TW, Pardue CP, Dinwiddie U. Pulsed dye laser therapy for port-wine stains in children . J Tenn Med Assoc. 1991;84:173-175. 79. Renfro L, Geronemus RG. Anatomical differences of port-wine stains in response to treatment with the pulsed dye laser . Arch Dermatol. 1993:129: 182-188.Crossref 80. Ashinoff R, Geronemus RG. Capillary hemangioma and treatment with the flashlamp-pumped dye laser . Arch Dermatol. 1991;127:202-205.Crossref 81. Sherwood KA, Tan OT. The treatment of capillary hemangioma with the flashlamp-pumped dye laser . J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22:136-137.Crossref 82. Garden JM, Bakus AD, Paller AS. Treatment of cutaneous hemangiomas by the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser: prospective analysis . J Pediatr. 1992; 120:550-560.Crossref 83. Morelli J, Tan OT, West WL. Treatment of ulcerated hemangiomas with the pulsed tunable dye laser . AJDC. 1991;145:1062-1064. 84. Ashinoff R, Geronemus RG. Failure of the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser to prevent progression of the deep component of hemangiomas . Pediatr Dermatol. 1993:10:77-80.Crossref 85. Geronemus RG. Poikiloderma of Civatte . Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:547-548.Crossref 86. Geronemus RG. Treatment of spider telangiectases in children using the flashlamp-pumped dye laser . Pediatr Dermatol. 1991;8:61-63.Crossref 87. McBurney E. Clinical usefulness of the argon laser for the 1990's . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993;19:358-362.Crossref 88. Scheibner A, Wheeland RG. Argon-pumped tunable dye laser therapy for facial port-wine stain hemangiomas in adults: a new technique using small spot size and minimal power . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1989;15:277-289.Crossref 89. Dover JS, O'Hare D, Stern RS, Wiss K, Olbricht S, Arndt KA. Comparison of hexascan/CW dye (585 nm) laser with pulsed dye (585 nm) laser in the treatment of port wine stains . Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13( (suppl 5) ):58. 90. Tan OT, Stafford TJ, Murray S, Kurban AK. Histologic comparison of the pulsed dye laser and copper vapor laser effects on pig skin . Lasers Surg Med. 1990; 10:551-558.Crossref 91. Pickering JW, Walker RHB, Halewy CN. Copper vapor laser treatment of port-wine stains and other vascular malformations . Br J Plast Surg. 1990;43:273-282.Crossref 92. Waner M, Dinehart SM. Comparison of the copper vapor and flashlamppumped pulsed dye laser in the treatment of facial telangiectases . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993;19:370-375.Crossref 93. Anderson RR, Margolis RJ, Watanabe S, Flotte T, Hruza GJ, Dover JS. Selective photothermolysis of cutaneous pigmentation by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulses at 1064, 532, and 355 nm . J Invest Dermatol. 1989;93:28-32.Crossref 94. Murphy GF, Shepard RS, Paul BS, Menkes A, Anderson RR, Parrish JA. Organellespecific injury to melanin-containing cells in human skin by pulsed laser irradiation . Lab Invest. 1983;49:680-685. 95. Ashinoff R, Geronemus RG. Rapid response of traumatic and medical tattoos with the Q-switched ruby laser . Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;91:841-845.Crossref 96. Levine V, Geronemus R. Tattoo removal with the Q-switched ruby laser and the Nd-YAG laser: a comparative study . Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13( (suppl 5) ):53. 97. Kilmer SL, Anderson RR. Clinical use of the Q-switched ruby and the Q-switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm and 532 nm) lasers for treatment of tattoos . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993;19:330-338.Crossref 98. Fitzpatrick RE, Goldman MP. Alexandrite laser removal of tattoos: a clinical and histological study . Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13( (suppl 5) ):54. 99. McMeekin TO, Goodwin DP. A comparison of the alexandrite laser (755 nm) with the Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm) for the treatment of tattoos . Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13( (suppl 5) ):54. 100. Kaufmann R, Boehncke WH, Konig K, Hibst R. Comparative study of Q-switched Nd:YAG and alexandrite laser treatment of tattoos . Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13( (suppl 5) ):54. 101. Anderson RR, Geronemus R, Kilmer SL, Farinelli W, Fitzpatrick RE. Cosmetic tattoo ink darkening: a complication of Q-switched and pulsed laser treatment . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:1010-1014.Crossref 102. Goldberg D. Benign pigmented lesions of the skin: treatment with the Q-switched ruby laser . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993;19:376-379.Crossref 103. Geronemus RG. Q-switched ruby laser therapy of nevus of Ota . Arch Dermatol. 1992;128:1618-1622.Crossref 104. Goldberg D. Treatment of pigmented and vascular lesions of the skin with the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser . Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13( (suppl 5) ):55.Crossref 105. Fitzpatrick R, Goldman M. Laser treatment of benign pigmented lesions using a 300 nanosecond pulse and 510 nm wavelength . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993:19:341-346.Crossref 106. Tan OT, Morelli JG, Kurban AK. Pulsed dye laser treatment of benign cutaneous pigmented lesions . Laser Surg Med. 1992;12:538-542.Crossref 107. Waner M, Dinehart S. Lasers in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery . In: Davis RK, ed. Lasers in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery . Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990:156-191. 108. McDaniel D. Clinical usefulness of the Hexascan . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993: 19:312-319.Crossref 109. Lanzafame RJ, Naim JO, Rogers DW, Hinshaw JR. Comparison of continuous-wave, chop-wave, and super pulse laser wounds . Lasers Surg Med. 1988;8: 119-124.Crossref 110. Lane RJ, Wynne JJ, Geronemus RG. Ultraviolet laser ablation of skin: healing studies and a thermal model . Lasers Surg Med. 1987;6:504-513.Crossref 111. Lane RJ, Linsker R, Wynne JJ, Torres A, Geronemus RG. Ultraviolet-laser ablation of skin . Arch Dermatol. 1985;121:609-617.Crossref 112. Jacques SL, McAuliffe DJ, Blank IH, Parrish JA. Controlled removal of human stratum corneum by pulsed laser . J Invest Dermatol. 1987;88:88-93.Crossref 113. Morelli J, Kibbi AG, Farinelli W, Boll J, Tan OT. Ultraviolet excimer laser ablation: the effect of wavelength and repetition rate on in vivo guinea pig skin . J Invest Dermatol. 1987;88:769-773.Crossref 114. Morelli JG, Kibbi AG, Boll J, Tan OT. 193 nm excimer laser selective ablation of in vivo guinea pig epidermis . J Invest Dermatol. 1988;91:532-535.Crossref 115. Green HA, Margolis R, Boll J, Kochevar IE, Parrish JA, Oseroff AR. Unscheduled DNA synthesis in human skin after in vitro ultraviolet-excimer laser ablation . J Invest Dermatol. 1987;89:201-204.Crossref 116. Green H, Boll J, Parrish JA, Kochevar IE, Oseroff AR. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of low intensity, 248 and 193 nm excimer laser radiation in mammalian cells . Cancer Res. 1987;47:410-413. 117. Watanabe S, Flotte TJ, McAuliffe DJ, Jacques SL. Putative photoacoustic damage in skin induced by pulsed ArF excimer laser . J Invest Dermatol. 1988;90:761-766.Crossref 118. Lui H, Anderson RR. Photodynamic therapy in dermatology: shedding a different light on skin disease . Arch Dermatol. 1992;128:1631-1636.Crossref 119. Lin CW. Selective localization of photosensitizers in tumors: a review of the phenomenon and possible mechanisms . In: Kessel D, ed. Photodynamic Therapy of Neoplastic Disease . Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1990:79-101. 120. Nelson JS, Liaw LH, Orenstein A, Roberts WG, Berns MW. Mechanism of tumor destruction and kinetics of tumor cell death in two experimental mouse tumors following photodynamic therapy . J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988;80:1599-1605.Crossref 121. Weishaupt KR, Gomer CJ, Dougherty TJ. Identification of singlet oxygen as the cytotoxic agent in photodynamic inactivation of a murine tumor . Cancer Res. 1976;36:2326-2329. 122. Dougherty TJ. Studies on the structure of porphyrins contained in Photofrin II . Photochem Photobiol. 1987;46:569-573.Crossref 123. Dougherty TJ, Kaufman JE, Goldfarb A, Weishaupt KR, Boyle D, Mittleman A. Photoradiation therapy for the treatment of malignant tumors . Cancer Res. 1978:38:2628-2635. 124. Wilson DB, Mang TS, Stoll H, Jones C, Cooper M, Dougherty TJ. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma . Arch Dermatol. 1992; 128:1597-1601.Crossref 125. McCaughan JS Jr, Guy JT, Hicks W, Laufman L, Nims TA, Walker J. Photodynamic therapy for cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant neoplasms . Arch Surg. 1989;124:211-216.Crossref 126. Weinstein GD, McCullough JL, Nelson JS, Berns MW, McCormick A. Low dose Photofrin II photodynamic therapy of psoriasis . Clin Res. 1991;39:509A. Abstract. 127. Orenstein A, Nelson JS, Liaw LH, Kaplan R, Kimel S, Berns MW. Photochemotherapy of hypervascular dermal lesions: a possible alternative to photothermal therapy . Lasers Surg Med. 1991;10:334-343.Crossref 128. Dougherty TJ, Cooper MT, Mang TS. Cutaneous phototoxic occurrences in patients receiving Photofrin . Lasers Surg Med. 1990;10:485-488.Crossref 129. Razum N, Balchum OJ, Profio AE, Carstens F. Skin photosensitivity: duration and intensity following intravenous hematoporphyrin derivatives, HpD and DHE . Photochem Photobiol. 1987;46:925-928.Crossref 130. Marcus SL. Clinical photodynamic therapy: the continuing evolution . In: Henderson BW, Dougherty TJ, eds. Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications . New York, NY: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1992:219-268. 131. Richter AM, Yip S, Waterfield E, Logan PM, Slonecker CE, Levy JG. Mouse skin photosensitization with benzoporphyrin derivatives and Photofrin: macroscopic and microscopic evaluation . Photochem Photobiol. 1991;53:281-286.Crossref 132. Lui H, Kollias N, Wimberly J, Anderson RR. Photosensitizing potential of benzoporphyrin derivative—monoacid ring A (BPD-MA) in patients undergoing photodynamic therapy . Photochem Photobiol. 1992;55( (suppl) ):30S. 133. Kennedy JC, Pottier RH, Pross DC. Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin, IX: basic principles and present clinical experience . J Photochem Photobiol B. 1990:6:143-148.Crossref 134. Kawana S, Segawa A. Confocal laser scanning microscopic and immunoelectron microscopic study on the anatomical distribution of fibrillar IgA deposits in dermatitis herpetiformis . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:456-459.Crossref 135. Dover JS, Kilmer SL, Anderson RR. What's new in cutaneous laser surgery . J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1993;19:295-298.Crossref 136. Byer RL. Diode lasers: pumped solid-state lasers . Science. 1988;239: 742-747.Crossref 137. Jarvel JL, Harbison JP, Scherer A. Microlasers . Sci Am. (November) 1991: 86-96. 138. Wyman A, Duffy S, Sweetland HM, Sharp F, Rogers K. Preliminary evaluation of a new high power diode laser . Lasers Surg Med. 1992;12:506-509.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Dermatology American Medical Association

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References (156)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-987X
eISSN
1538-3652
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1993.01680290098017
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract THERE HAS been a great increase in the understanding of laser tissue interactions in the 11 years since the last laser editorial in the Archives by Arndt and Noe.1 This has resulted in the development of numerous new-generation laser systems that take full advantage of the unique properties of laser light to achieve very specific and confined effects in tissue while minimizing collateral damage. All three laser studies in this issue of the Archives are good examples of the progress that has been achieved.2-4 ORIGINAL LASERS IN DERMATOLOGY The first laser to be used in humans was a ruby laser studied by Leon Goldman, a dermatologist, in the early 1960s.5 He made numerous observations regarding laser tissue interaction with the ruby laser. He demonstrated specific laser effects on epidermal components of the skin and tested the laser on various benign as well as malignant lesions.5-7 The References 1. Arndt KA, Noe JM. Lasers in dermatology . Arch Dermatol. 1982;118:293-295.Crossref 2. Kilmer SL, Lee MS, Grevelink JM, Flotte TJ, Anderson RR. The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) effectively treats tattoos: a controlled, doseresponse study . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:971-978.Crossref 3. Frederickson KS, White WE, Wheeland RG, Slaughter DR. Precise ablation of skin with reduced collateral damage using the femtosecond-pulsed, terrawatt titanium:sapphire laser . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:989-993.Crossref 4. Green HA, Burd EE, Nishioka NS, Compton CC. Skin graft take and healing following 193 nm-excimer, continuous wave carbon dioxide (CO2), pulsed CO2, or pulsed holmium:YAG laser ablation of the graft bed . Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:982-988. 5. Goldman L, Blaney DJ, Kindel DJ, et al. Effect of the laser beam on the skin: preliminary report . J Invest Dermatol. 1963;40:121-122. 6. Goldman L, Blaney DJ, Kindel DJ, Richfield D, Franke EK. Pathology of the effect of the laser beam on the skin . Nature. 1963;197:912-914.Crossref 7. Goldman L, Rockwell RJ, Meyer R, Otten R. Investigative studies with the laser in the treatment of basal cell epitheliomas . South Med J. 1968;61:735-742.Crossref 8. Goldman L, Rockwell RJ, Meyer R, Otten R, Wilson RG, Kitzmiller KW. Laser treatment of tattoos: a preliminary survey of three year's clinical experience . JAMA. 1967;201:841-844.Crossref 9. Reid WH, McLeod PJ, Ritchie A, Ferguson PM. Q-switched ruby laser treatment of black tattoos . Br J Plast Surg. 1983;36:455-459.Crossref 10. Reid WH, Miller ID, Murphy MJ, Paul JP, Evans JH. Q-switched ruby laser treatment of tattoos: a 9-year experience . Br J Plast Surg. 1990;43:663-669.Crossref 11. Taylor CR, Gange RW, Dover JS, et al. Treatment of tattoos by Q-switched ruby laser: a dose-response study . Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:893-899.Crossref 12. Touquet VLR, Carruth JAS. Review of the argon laser treatment of port wine stains with the argon laser . Lasers Surg Med. 1984;4:191-199.Crossref 13. Arndt KA. 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Archives of DermatologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Aug 1, 1993

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