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L. Helson, E. Garcia (1975)
Skin metastases and hepatic cancer in childhood.New York state journal of medicine, 75 10
I. Reingold (1966)
Cutaneous metastases from internal carcinomaCancer, 19
J. Kahn, S. Sinhamohapatra, A. Schneider (1971)
Hepatoma presenting as a skin metastasis.Archives of dermatology, 104 3
O. Gates (1937)
Cutaneous Metastases of Malignant DiseaseAmerican Journal of Cancer, 30
Peters RL Okuda K (1976)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
M. Brownstein, E. Helwig (1972)
Metastatic tumors of the skinCancer, 29
Garcia EJ Helson L (1975)
Skin metastases and hepatic cancer in childhoodNY State J Med, 5
Abstract • Three cases of hepatomas metastasized to the skin in a series of 88 patients with hepatomas. The skin metastases differed from the usual dermal nodules, such as fibromas, inflammatory granulomas, and adnexal tumors, by their rather sudden appearance as solitary or multiple, nonulcerative, painless, firm, reddishblue nodules on the scalp, chest, and shoulder. Biopsies of these nodules were necessary in order to confirm the diagnosis of the cutaneous metastases, which appeared before the primary tumors were recognized. Microscopically, the skin tumors were adenocarcinomas in two instances and hepatocellular carcinoma in one. The skin metastases were a late manifestation of the primary tumors; the patients died within three weeks to six months after the appearance of the skin tumors. Necropsies showed widespread metastases. (Arch Dermatol 114:1045-1046, 1978) References 1. Reingold IM: Cutaneous metastases from internal carcinoma . Cancer 19:162-168, 1966.Crossref 2. Gates 0: Cutaneous metastases of malignant disease . Am J Cancer 30:718-730, 1937. 3. Kahn JA, Sinhamohapatra SB, Schneider AF: Hepatoma presenting as a skin metastasis . Arch Dermatol 104:299-300, 1971.Crossref 4. Brownstein MH, Helwig EB: Metastatic tumors of the skin . Cancer 29:1298-1307, 1972.Crossref 5. Helson L, Garcia EJ: Skin metastases and hepatic cancer in childhood . NY State J Med 5:1728-1730, 1975. 6. Okuda K, Peters RL: Hepatocellular Carcinoma . New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1976, p 158.
Archives of Dermatology – American Medical Association
Published: Jul 1, 1978
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