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O. Canizares, M. Costello, I. Gigli (1962)
Erythema nodosum type of lepra reaction. General consideration and report of three cases treated with long-term adrenocorticosteroid therapy.Archives of dermatology, 85
C. Moran, G. Ryder, J. Turk, M. Waters (1972)
Evidence for circulating immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy.Lancet, 2 7777
Costello M Canizares O (1962)
Erythema nodosum type of lepra reactionArch Dermatol, 85
Vargas S (1971)
Tratamiento actual de la reaccion leprosa por talidomidaRev Mex Dermatol, 15
R. Hastings, J. Trautman, C. Enna, R. Jacobson (1970)
Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosumClinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 11
S. Moschella (1967)
The lepra reaction with necrotizing skin lesions. A report of six cases.Archives of dermatology, 95 6
(1972)
Mechanisms of reactions in leprosy, editorialLancet, 2
P. Seah, M.R. Mazaheri, L. Fry, J.F. Mowbray, A. Hoffbrand, E. Holborow (1973)
Alternate-pathway complement fixation by IgA in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis.Lancet, 2 7822
Job Ck, S. Gude, Macaden Vp (1964)
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM. A CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC STUDY.International journal of Leprosy, 32
Moschella SL (1967)
The lepra reaction with necrotizing skin lesionsArch Dermatol, 95
Tolentino JG Guinto RS (1963)
Observations on erythema nodosum leprosumInt J Lepr, 31
A. Russell, J. Percy (1972)
Circulating immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy.Lancet, 2 7784
T. Rea, N. Levan, R. Schweitzer (1972)
Erythema nodosum leprosum in the absence of chemotherapy: a role for cell-mediated immunity.Lancet, 2 7789
Waters Mf, Turk Jl, Wemambù Sn (1971)
Mechanisms of reactions in leprosy.Lancet, 2 7777
Pettit Jh, Waters Mf (1967)
The etiology of erythema nodosum leprosum.International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 35
D. Drutz, R. Gutman (1973)
Renal manifestations of leprosy: glomerulonephritis, a complication of erythema nodosum leprosum.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 22 4
W. Pepler, R. Kooij, J. Marshall (1955)
The histopathology of acute panniculitis nodosa leprosa (erythema nodosum leprosum).International journal of Leprosy, 23 1
Claman HRV Sams WM Jr (1974)
Human leucocytoclastic vasculitis: Evidence for an immune complex pathogenesisClin Res, 22
M. Waters, H. Helmy (1974)
The relationship of dapsone (DDS) therapy to erythema nodosum leprosum. Is it direct or indirect?Leprosy review, 45 4
Louis-Germain Levy, P. Fasal, N. Levan, R. Freedman (1973)
Treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomide.Lancet, 2 7824
K. Mayer, A. Ley (1970)
Hemolysis of red cells due to sulfone.Annals of internal medicine, 72 5
M. Waters, R. Rees, I. Sutherland (1967)
Chemotherapeutic trials in leprosy. 5. A study of methods used in clinical trials in lepromatous leprosy.International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 35 3
D. Ridley (1960)
A bacteriologic study of erythema nodosum leprosum.International journal of Leprosy, 28
T. Godal, J. Pearson, W. Ross (1973)
Erythema nodosum leprosum in the absence of chemotherapy.Lancet, 1 7808
J. Convit, M. Pinardi, G. Ochoa, M. Ulrich, J. Ávila, M. Goihman (1974)
Elimination of Mycobacterium leprae subsequent to local in vivo activation of macrophages in lepromatous leprosy by other mycobacteria.Clinical and experimental immunology, 17 2
O. Rojas-Espinosa, I. Mendez-Navarrete, S. Estrada-Parra (1972)
Presence of C1q-reactive immune complexes in patients with leprosy.Clinical and experimental immunology, 12 2
DonaldS. Waldorf, JohnN. Sheagren, JohnR. Trautman, JeromeB. Block (1966)
Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in patients with lepromatous leprosy.Lancet, 2 7467
Epstein WV Gelber RH (1972)
Erythema nodosum leprosum: An immune complex disorderInt J Lepr, 40
J. Turk, M. Waters (1969)
Cell-mediated immunity in patients with leprosy.Lancet, 2 7614
Ridley Ds, Jopling Wh (1966)
Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five-group system.International Journal of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 34
R. Gelber, D. Drutz, W. Epstein, P. Fasal (1974)
Clinical correlates of C1Q-precipitating substances in the sera of patients with leprosy.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 23 3
Yen A Braverman IM (1975)
Normal skin of patients with leukocytoclastic angiitisJ Invest Dermatol, 64
S. Wemambu, S. Wemambu, J. Turk, J. Turk, M. Waters, R. Rees (1969)
Erythema nodosum leprosum: a clinical manifestation of the arthus phenomenon.Lancet, 2 7627
J. Sheskin, Jacinto Convif (1969)
Results of a double blind study of the influence of thalidomide on the lepra reaction.International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 37 2
Levan NE Rea TH (1974)
The concordance of tuberculin responses with the presence or absence of skin ulcerations in lepromatous leprosyInt J Lepr, 42
Bodel P Drutz DJ
Mechanisms of endogenous pyrogen production in patients with leprosy: Why are patients with uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy afebrile?Int J Lepr
S. Browne (1973)
Erythema nodosum leprosum.Lancet, 1 7810
O. Fakhri, J. Hobbs (1972)
Detection of antibodies which can cooperate with lymphocytes.Lancet, 2 7774
S. Browne (1963)
Erythema nodosum in leprosy.Journal of chronic diseases, 16
I. Braverman, A. Yen (1975)
Demonstration of immune complexes in spontaneous and histamine-induced lesions and in normal skin of patients with leukocytoclastic angitis.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 64 2
Bapat CV Prabhakaran K (1966)
Effect of diaminodiphenyl sulfone and ICRC bacilli on acid phosphatase of macrophagesIndian J Med Res, 54
Ridley Ds (1969)
Reactions in leprosy.Leprosy Review, 40
S. Okada, E. Nakai, M. Narita, S. Takahashi, N. Harada (1974)
Electron microscope study of Erythema nodosum leprosum.International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association, 42 1
Nies K Rea TH (1974)
T-cell/B-cell ratios and autoantibodies in lepromatous leprosyClin Res, 22
Fernandez JMM (1936)
Bacteriologia de la reaccion leprosa. Investigacion del Mycobacterium leprae en las lesiones cutaneas de reaccion leprosaRev Bras Leprol, 4
Fasal P Arnold HL (1973)
Leprosy, Diagnosis and Management
D. Ridley, M. Waters (1969)
Significance of variations within the lepromatous group.Leprosy review, 40 3
Abstract • We report 32 patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Twenty-two patients developed ENL before beginning chemotherapy. The recognition that ENL in the absence of chemotherapy is not an uncommon event is of importance, not simply as a fact in and of itself, but because this observation raises provocative questions when placed in the context of current ideas concerning ENL. ENL should be regarded as a manifestation of leprosy, not necessarily as a complication of its therapy. (Arch Dermatol 111:1575-1580, 1975) References 1. Browne SG: Erythema nosodum in leprosy . J Chronic Dis 16:23-30, 1963.Crossref 2. Pettit JHS, Waters MFR: The etiology of erythema nodosum leprosum . Int J Lepr 35:1-10, 1967. 3. Canizares O, Costello M, Gigli I: Erythema nodosum type of lepra reaction . Arch Dermatol 85:29-40, 1962.Crossref 4. Guinto RS, Tolentino JG, Mabalay MC: Observations on erythema nodosum leprosum . Int J Lepr 31:81-94, 1963. 5. Job CK, Gude S, Macaden VP: Erythema nodosum leprosum: A clinico-pathologic study . Int J Lepr 32:177-184, 1964. 6. Vargas S: Tratamiento actual de la reaccion leprosa por talidomida . Rev Mex Dermatol 15:142-154, 1971. 7. Pepler WJ, Kooij R, Marshall J: The histopathology of acute panniculitis nodosa leprosa (erythema nodosum leprosum) . Int J Lepr 23:53-60, 1955. 8. Ridley DS: Reactions in leprosy . Lepr Rev 40:77-81, 1969. 9. Sheskin J, Convit J: Results of a double blind study of the influence of thalidomide on the lepra reaction . Int J Lepr 37:135-146, 1969. 10. Hastings RC, Trautman JR, Enna CD: Thalidomide in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum . Clin Pharmacol Ther 11:481-487, 1970. 11. Ridley DS, Jopling WH: Classification of leprosy according to immunity: A five-group system . Int J Lepr 34:255-273, 1966. 12. Ridley DS, Waters MFR: Significance of variations within the lepromatous group . Lepr Rev 40:143-152, 1969. 13. Rea TH, Levan NE: The concordance of tuberculin responses with the presence or absence of skin ulcerations in lepromatous leprosy . Int J Lepr 42:137-138, 1974. 14. Rea TH, Nies K, Quismorio F, et al: T-cell/B-cell ratios and autoantibodies in lepromatous leprosy . Clin Res 22:332, 1974. 15. Levy L, Fasal P, Levan NE, et al: Treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum with thalidomide . Lancet 2:324-325, 1973.Crossref 16. Moschella SL: The lepra reaction with necrotizing skin lesions . Arch Dermatol 95:565-575, 1967.Crossref 17. Arnold HL, Fasal P: Clinical pattern , in Leprosy, Diagnosis and Management . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1973, pp 52-53. 18. Godal T, Pearson JMH, Ross WF: Erythema nodosum leprosum in the absence of chemotherapy . Lancet 1:880, 1973.Crossref 19. Rea TH, Levan NE, Schweitzer RE: Erythema nodosum leprosum in the absence of chemotherapy: A role for cell-mediated immunity . Lancet 2:1252, 1972.Crossref 20. Drutz DJ, Gutman RA: Renal manifestations of leprosy: Glomerulonephritis, a complication of erythema nodosum leprosum . Am J Trop Med Hyg 22:496-502, 1973. 21. Waldorf DS, Sheagren JN, Trautman JR: Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in patients with lepromatous leprosy . Lancet 2:773-777, 1966.Crossref 22. Turk JL, Waters MFR: Cell-mediated immunity in patients with leprosy . Lancet 2:243-246, 1969.Crossref 23. Wemambu SNC, Turk JL, Waters MFR, et al: Erythema nodosum leprosum: A clinical manifestation of the Arthus phenomenon . Lancet 2:933-935, 1969.Crossref 24. Waters MFR, Turk JL, Wemambu SNC: Mechanisms of reactions in leprosy . Int J Lepr 39:417-428, 1971. 25. Moran CJ, Ryder G, Turk JL, et al: Evidence for circulating immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy . Lancet 2:572-573, 1972.Crossref 26. Gelber RH, Epstein WV, Fasal P, et al: Erythema nodosum leprosum: An immune complex disorder . Int J Lepr 40:455-456, 1972. 27. Rojas-Espinosa 0, Mendez-Navarrete I, Estrada-Parra S: Presence of Clq-reactive immune complexes in patients with leprosy . Clin Exp Immunol 12:215-223, 1972. 28. Russell AS, Percy JS: Circulating immune complexes in lepromatous leprosy . Lancet 2:978, 1972.Crossref 29. Gelber RH, Drutz DJ, Epstein WV, et al: Clinical correlates of Clq-precipitating substances in the sera of patients with leprosy . Am J Trop Med Hyg 23:471-475, 1974. 30. Braverman IM, Yen A: Normal skin of patients with leukocytoclastic angiitis . J Invest Dermatol 64:105-122, 1975.Crossref 31. Sams WM Jr, Claman HRV, Kohler PF: Human leucocytoclastic vasculitis: Evidence for an immune complex pathogenesis . Clin Res 22:333, 1974. 32. Ridley DS: A bacteriologic study of erythema nodosum leprosum . Int J Lepr 28:254-266, 1960. 33. Waters MFR, Rees RJW, Sutherland I: Chemotherapeutic trials in leprosy: V. A study of methods used in clinical trials in lepromatous leprosy . Int J Lepr 35:311-335, 1967. 34. Fernandez JMM: Bacteriologia de la reaccion leprosa. Investigacion del Mycobacterium leprae en las lesiones cutaneas de reaccion leprosa . Rev Bras Leprol 4:9-23, 1936. 35. Fakhri O, Hobbs JR: Detection of antibodies which can cooperate with lymphocytes . Lancet 2:403-406, 1972.Crossref 36. Convit J, Pinardi ME, Rodriguez-Ochoa G, et al: Elimination of Mycobacterium leprae subsequent to local in vivo activation of macrophages in lepromatous leprosy by other mycobacteria . Clin Exp Immunol 17:261-265, 1974. 37. Mechanisms of reactions in leprosy, editorial . Lancet 2:280-281, 1972. 38. Okada S, Nakai E, Narita M, et al: Electron microscope study of erythema nodosum leprosum . Int J Lepr 42:33-37, 1974. 39. Browne SG: Erythema nodosum leprosum . Lancet 1:997-998, 1973.Crossref 40. Drutz DJ, Bodel P: Mechanisms of endogenous pyrogen production in patients with leprosy: Why are patients with uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy afebrile? Int J Lepr , to be published. 41. Prabhakaran K, Bapat CV: Effect of diaminodiphenyl sulfone and ICRC bacilli on acid phosphatase of macrophages . Indian J Med Res 54:458-461, 1966. 42. Mayer K, Ley AB: Hemolysis of red cells due to sulfone . Ann Intern Med 72:711-714, 1970.Crossref 43. Seah PP, Fry L, Mazaheri MR, et al: Alternate-pathway complement fixation by IgA in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis . Lancet 2:175-177, 1973.Crossref 44. Waters MFR, Helmy HS: The relationship of dapsone (DDS) therapy to erythema nodosum leprosum. Is it direct or indirect? Lepr Rev 45:299-307, 1974.
Archives of Dermatology – American Medical Association
Published: Dec 1, 1975
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