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R. Rothenberg, F. Renna, T. Drew, D. Feingold (1973)
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an adult.Archives of dermatology, 108 3
C. Norden, H. Mendelow (1974)
Letter: Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in adults.The New England journal of medicine, 290 10
R. Mills (1971)
Severe hypersensitivity reactions associated with allopurinol.JAMA, 216 5
J. Jarzobski, J. Ferry, D. Wombolt, D. Fitch, J. Egan (1970)
Vasculitis with allopurinol therapy.American heart journal, 79 1
J. Arbuthnott, J. Kent, A. Lyell, C. Gemmell (1971)
TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS PRODUCED BY AN EXTRACELLULAR PRODUCT OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSBritish Journal of Dermatology, 85
E. Vesell, G. Passananti, F. Greene, J. Page (1971)
GENETIC CONTROL OF DRUG LEVELS AND OF THE INDUCTION OF DRUG‐METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN MAN: INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY IN THE EXTENT OF ALLOPURINOL AND NORTRIPTYLINE INHIBITION OF DRUG METABOLISMAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 179
G. Kantor (1970)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, azotemia, and death after allopurinol therapy.JAMA, 212 3
J. Hunter, A. Davison (1973)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with pentazocine therapy and severe reversible renal failureBritish Journal of Dermatology, 88
G. Becking, W. Johnson (1967)
The inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.Canadian journal of biochemistry, 45 11
R Rundles, J. Wyngaarden, G. Hitchings, G. Elion (1969)
Drugs and uric acid.Annual review of pharmacology, 9
K. Stein, O. Schlappner, C. Heaton, JAMES Dkcherd (1972)
DEMONSTRATION OF BASAL CELL IMMUNOFLUORKSCENCE IN DRUG‐INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSISBritish Journal of Dermatology, 86
Koblenzer PJ (1967)
Acute epidermal necrolysisArch Dermatol, 95
L. AlvarezLovell (1968)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 59
A. Lyell (1967)
A REVIEW OF TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN BRITAINBritish Journal of Dermatology, 79
A. Lyell (1956)
TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS: AN ERUPTION RESEMBLING SCALDING OF THE SKIN.British Journal of Dermatology, 68
Günter Stüttgen (1973)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis provoked by barbiturates *British Journal of Dermatology, 88
P. Koblenzer (1967)
Acute epidermal necrolysis (Ritter von Rittershain-Lyell). A clinicopathologic study.Archives of dermatology, 95 6
D. Stabenow (1972)
Toxic epidermal necrolysis.Postgraduate medicine, 52 6
Passananti T Vesell ES (1971)
Genetic control of drug levels and of the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in manAnn NY Acad Sci, 179
Beardmore TD: Allopurinol Kelley WN (1970)
Alteration in pyrimidine metabolism in manScience, 169
Boswell RB Young JL (1974)
Severe allopurinol hypersensitivityArch Intern Med, 134
A. Björnberg (1973)
Fifteen cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell).Acta dermato-venereologica, 53 2
(1972)
Excess of ampicillin rashes associated with allopurinol or hyperuricemia, Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance ProgramN Engl J Med, 286
W. Kelley, T. Beardmore (1970)
Allopurinol: Alteration in Pyrimidine Metabolism in ManScience, 169
T. Beardmore, J. Cashman, W. Kelley (1972)
Mechanism of allopurinol-mediated increase in enzyme activity in man.The Journal of clinical investigation, 51 7
G. Bailey, J. Rosenbaum, B. Anderson (1965)
TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS.JAMA, 191
J. Young, R. Boswell, A. Nies (1974)
Severe allopurinol hypersensitivity. Association with thiazides and prior renal compromise.Archives of internal medicine, 134 3
E. Vesell, G. Passananti, F. Greene (1970)
Impairment of drug metabolism in man by allopurinol and nortriptyline.The New England journal of medicine, 283 27
Kelley WN Wyngaarden JB (1972)
The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease
G. Levine, C. Norden (1972)
Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in an adult.The New England journal of medicine, 287 26
Björnberg A (1973)
Fifteen cases of toxic epidermal necrolysisActa Dermatovener, 53
J. Stratigos, S. Bartsokas, J. Capetanakis (1972)
FURTHER EXPERIENCES OF TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS INCRIMINATING ALLOPURINOL, PYRAZOLONE AND DERIVATIVESBritish Journal of Dermatology, 86
(1974)
Allopurinol and cytotoxic drugs, Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance ProgramJAMA, 227
Abstract Allopurinol, now established as a standard form of therapy in hyperuricemia and gout, may be associated with life-threatening skin reactions. This study reports the occurrence of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in three patients receiving allopurinol. The patients had complicated medical illnesses and were receiving various other medications, but the most apparent common denominator was allopurinol ingestion. Two other cases of TEN and five cases of severe hypersensitivity reactions with vasculitis and extensive skin manifestations, secondary to this drug, have been described in the recent literature. Allopurinol has several unique biochemical and metabolic properties that may increase its ability to cause hypersensitivity or toxic skin reactions. References 1. Rundles RW, Wyngaarden JB, Hitchings GH, et al: Drugs and uric acid . Annu Rev Pharmacol 9:345-362, 1969.Crossref 2. Wyngaarden JB, Kelley WN: Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism , in Stanbury JB, Wyngaarden JB, Fredrickson DS (eds): The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease , ed 3. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1972, pp 946-948. 3. Vesell ES, Passananti T, Greene FE: Impairment of drug metabolism in man by allopurinol and nortriptyline . N Engl J Med 283:1484-1488, 1970.Crossref 4. Vesell ES, Passananti T, Greene FE, et al: Genetic control of drug levels and of the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in man . Ann NY Acad Sci 179:752-773, 1971.Crossref 5. Kelley WN, Beardmore TD: Allopurinol: Alteration in pyrimidine metabolism in man . Science 169:388-390, 1970.Crossref 6. Beardmore TD, Cashman JS, Kelley WN: Mechanism of allopurinol mediated increase in enzyme activity in man . J Clin Invest 51:1823-1832, 1972.Crossref 7. Becking GC, Johnson WJ: The inhibition of tryptophan pyrrolase by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase . Can J Biochem 45:1667-1672, 1967.Crossref 8. Kantor GL: Toxic epidermal necrolysis, azotemia and death after allopurinol therapy . JAMA 212:478-479, 1970.Crossref 9. Stratigos JB, Bartsokas SK, Capetanakis J: Further experiences of toxic epidermal necrolysis incriminating allopurinol, pyrazolone and derivatives . Br J Dermatol 86:564-567, 1972.Crossref 10. Mills RM Jr: Severe hypersensitivity reactions associated with allopurinol . JAMA 216:799-802, 1971.Crossref 11. Taub SJ: Severe hypersensitivity reactions associated with allopurinol . EENT Mon 50:268-269, 1971. 12. Jarzobski J, Ferry J, Wombolt D, et al: Vasculitis with allopurinol therapy . Am Heart J 79:116-121, 1970.Crossref 13. Young JL, Boswell RB, Nies AS: Severe allopurinol hypersensitivity . Arch Intern Med 134:553-558, 1974.Crossref 14. Stabenow DL: Toxic epidermal necrolysis . Postgrad Med 52:89-92, 1972. 15. Koblenzer PJ: Acute epidermal necrolysis . Arch Dermatol 95:608-617, 1967.Crossref 16. Lyell A: Toxic epidermal necrolysis: An eruption resembling scalding of the skin . Br J Dermatol 68:355-361, 1956.Crossref 17. Arbuthnott JP, Kent J, Lyell A, et al: Toxic epidermal necrolysis produced by an extracellular product of Staphylococcus aureus . Br J Dermatol 85:145-149, 1971.Crossref 18. Lyell A: A review of toxic epidermal necrolysis in Britain . Br J Dermatol 79:662-671, 1967.Crossref 19. Björnberg A: Fifteen cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis . Acta Dermatovener 53:149-152, 1973. 20. Stein KM, Schlappner OL, Heaton CL, et al: Demonstration of basal cell immunofluorescence in drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis . Br J Dermatol 86:46-52, 1972.Crossref 21. Rothenberg GR, Renna FS, Drew TM, et al: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in an adult . Arch Dermatol 108:408-410, 1973.Crossref 22. Levine G, Norden CW: Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in adults . N Engl J Med 287:1339-1340, 1972.Crossref 23. Norden CW, Mendelow H: Staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome in adults . N Engl J Med 290:577, 1974. 24. Stüttgen G: Toxic epidermal necrolysis provoked by barbiturates . Br J Dermatol 88:291-293, 1973.Crossref 25. Strom J: Toxic epidermal necrolysis . Scand J Infect Dis 1:209-216, 1969. 26. Hunter JA, Davison AM: Toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with pentazocine therapy and severe reversible renal failure . Br J Dermatol 88:287-289, 1973.Crossref 27. Bailey G, Rosenbaum JM, Anderson B: Toxic epidermal necrolysis . JAMA 191:979-982, 1965.Crossref 28. Excess of ampicillin rashes associated with allopurinol or hyperuricemia, Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program . N Engl J Med 286:505-507, 1972.Crossref 29. Allopurinol and cytotoxic drugs, Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program . JAMA 227:1036-1040, 1974.Crossref
Archives of Dermatology – American Medical Association
Published: Aug 1, 1975
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