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Uses for Immunofluorescence Tests of Skin and Sera: Utilization of Immunofluorescence in the Diagnosis of Bullous Diseases, Lupus Erythematosus, and Certain Other Dermatoses

Uses for Immunofluorescence Tests of Skin and Sera: Utilization of Immunofluorescence in the... Abstract Sera and frozen biopsy specimens taken for immunofluorescence can be of diagnostic value in studies of vesiculobullous eruptions and connective tissue diseases. Appropriate handling of specimens is important. In cases of pemphigus and pemphigoid, findings of typical antibodies in sera and immunoglobulin deposits in skin sections serve to establish the diagnoses. Fluctuations in titers of pemphigus antibodies afford a prognostic guide. IgA deposits at the dermoepidermal junction in patients with vesiculobullous eruptions are diagnostic of dermatitis herpetiformis. Elevated titers of antinuclear antibodies, frequently with a peripheral pattern, and DNA antibodies as well as junctional deposits of immunoglobulins or complement or both in the apparently uninvolved skin are highly characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. More or less typical patterns of immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the lesion appear in discoid lupus erythematosus, porphyrias, and some other dermatoses. References 1. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP: Histopathologie der Haut . Warsaw, Poland, Polnischer Medizinischer Staatsverlag, 1966, pp 108-117. 2. Lever WF: Pemphigus and Pemphigoid . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1965, pp 3-266. 3. Lever WF: Histopathology of the Skin , 4. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1967, pp 1-794. 4. Montgomery H: Dermatopathology . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1967, vol 1, pp 1-650; 5. vol 2, pp 651-1247. 6. Rook A, Waddington E: Pemphigus and pemphigoid . Br J Dermatol 65:425-431, 1953.Crossref 7. Beutner EH: Defined Immunofluorescent Staining . Ann NY Acad Sci 177:5-529, 1971.Crossref 8. Goldman M: Fluorescent Antibody Methods . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1968, pp 1-303. 9. Holborow EJ (ed): Standardization in Immunofluorescence . Oxford, England, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1970, pp 1-282. 10. Kawamura A (ed): Fluorescent Antibody Techniques and Their Applications . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1969, 3-203. 11. Nairn RC: Fluorescent Protein Tracing , ed 3. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1969, pp 1-503. 12. Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin: Labeled Antibody Studies . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 1-461. 13. Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Jordon RE: Autosensitization in Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1970, pp 5-194. 14. Eidelman S, Berschauer JA: A method for immunocytochemical studies of human gastrointestinal section biopsies . Stain Technol 44:43-44, 1969. 15. Michel B, Milner Y, David K: Preservation of tissue-fixed immunoglobulins in skin biopsies of patients with lupus erythematoses and bullous diseases: Preliminary report . J Invest Dermatol 59:449-454, 1973.Crossref 16. Chorzelski TP, Beutner EH: Factors Chorzelski tributing to occasional failures in demonstration of pemphigus antibodies by the immunofluorescence test . J Invest Dermatol 53:188-191, 1969.Crossref 17. Andersen P, Hale WL: Immunohistology of human antibodies on monkey esophagus , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 271-286. 18. Olson K, Biberfeld G, Fagraeus A: Blood group antibodies as a source of error in the diagnosis of pemphigus by indirect immunofluorescence . Acta Derm Venereol 52:389-392, 1972. 19. Michel B, Sy EK: Tissue-fixed immunoglobulins in lichen planus , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 182-193. 20. Burnham TK: Antinuclear antibodies: Significance of nuclear staining patterns , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 379-393. 21. Beck JS: Variations in the morphological patterns of "autoimmune" nuclear fluorescence . Lancet 1:1203-1205, 1961.Crossref 22. Sharp GC, Irvin WS, Tan EM, et al: Mixed connective tissue disease—an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) . Am J Med 52:148-159, 1972.Crossref 23. Paronetto F, Popper H: Hetero-, iso- and autoimmune phenomena in the liver , in Miescher PA, Muller-Eberhardt, HJ (eds): Textbook of Immunopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969, pp 562-583. 24. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Zalewski T, et al: Autoimmunologische (lupoid) Hepatitis im Lichte der Immunofluoreszensuntersuchungen . Dermatol Monatsschr 158:271-277, 1972. 25. Sarkany I: Juvenile cirrhosis and allergic capillaritis of the skin . Lancet 2:666-668, 1966.Crossref 26. Chorzelski TP, Jablonska S, Beutner EH: Clinical significance of pemphigus antibodies , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 25-43. 27. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Beutner EH, et al: Indications for skin and serum immunofluorescent studies in dermatology , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 1-24. 28. Grover RW: Transient acantholytic dermatosis . Arch Dermatol 101:426-439, 1970.Crossref 29. Thivolet J, Beyvin AJ: Recherche par immunofluorescence d'autoanticorps seriques vis-avis des constituants de l'epiderme chez les brules . Experientia 24:945-946, 1968.Crossref 30. Fellner MJ, Fukuyama K, Moshell A, et al: Intercellular antibodies in blood and epidermis: A histochemical study of IgG immunoglobulins in patients with late reactions to penicillin and their comparison with similar antibodies in patients with pemphigus vulgaris . Br J Dermatol 89:115-126, 1973.Crossref 31. Peck SM, Osserman KE, Rule AH: Intercellular antibodies: Presence in a Trichophyton rubrum infection . J Invest Dermatol 58:133-138, 1972.Crossref 32. Saikia NK, Macconnell LES: Senear-Usher syndrome and internal malignancy . Br J Dermatol 87:1-5, 1972.Crossref 33. Baart de la Faille-Kuyper EH: Lupus erythematosus, an immunohistochemical and clinical study of 485 patients, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 1969, thesis. University of Utrecht. 34. Bean SF, Michel B: Cicatricial pemphigoid , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 44-54. 35. Bean SF, Waisman M, Michel B, et al: Cicatricial pemphigoid: Immunofluorescent studies . Arch Dermatol 106:195-200, 1972.Crossref 36. Jordon RE, Bean SF, Jablonska S, et al: Chronic nonhereditary childhood bullous diseases , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 78-91. 37. Faber WR, van Joost T: Juvenile pemphigoid . Br J Dermatol 89:519-522, 1973.Crossref 38. Bushkell LL, Jordon RE, Goltz RW: Herpes gestationis: New immunologic findings . Arch Dermatol 110:65-69, 1974.Crossref 39. Heid E, Maleville J, Basset A: Etude des deux cas d'herpes gestationis en immunofluorescence . Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphilol 80:10-12, 1973. 40. Provost TT, Tomasi TB Jr: Evidence for complement activation via the alternate pathway in skin diseases: I. Herpes gestationis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bullous pemphigoid . J Clin Invest 52:1779-1787, 1973.Crossref 41. van der Meer JB: Dermatitis Herpetiformis, a Specific (Immunopathological?) Entity . Leiden, The Netherlands, NV Drukkerij, VH Batteljee & Terpstra, 1972. 42. van der Meer JB: Dermatitis herpetiformis , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 64-77. 43. Seah PP, Fry L, Hoffbrand AV, et al: Tissue antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult celiac disease . Lancet 1:834-836, 1971.Crossref 44. Fry L, Seah PP: Dermatitis herpetiformis: An evaluation of diagnostic criteria . Br J Dermatol 90:137-146, 1974.Crossref 45. Honeyman JF, Honeyman A, Lobitz WC, et al: The enigma of bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis . Arch Dermatol 106:22-25, 1972.Crossref 46. de Mento FJ, Grover RW: Acantholytic herpetiform dermatitis . Arch Dermatol 107:883-887, 1973.Crossref 47. Holubar K, Beutner EH: Pemphigus vs acantholytic herpetiform dermatitis . Arch Dermatol 109:408-409, 1974.Crossref 48. Winkelmann RK, Roth HL: Dermatitis herpetiformis with acantholysis or pemphigus with response to sulfonamides . Arch Dermatol 82:385-390, 1960.Crossref 49. Chorzelski TP, de Mento FJ, Maciejowska E, et al: Coexistence of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid: A complex of autoimmune disturbances . Arch Dermatol 109:849-853, 1974.Crossref 50. Bergquist RN: Antinuclear antibodies: significance of titers , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 391-401. 51. Cormane RH, van Joost T: Lupus erythematosus: Immunologic studies of the skin , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 92-122. 52. Cream JJ: Immune complex disease and mixed cryoglobulinemia , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 137-152. 53. Miescher P, Paronetto F: Systemic lupus erythematosus , in Miescher PA, Muller-Eberhard HJ (eds): Textbook of Immunopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969, pp 675-712. 54. Tan EM, Vaughn JH: Antinuclear antibodies: Significance of biochemical specificities , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 367-378. 55. Cormane RH: Classification of immunoglobulins in the dermo-epidermal junction in lupus erythematosus . Clin Exp Immunol 1:207-212, 1966. 56. Koffler E, Carr R, Agnello V, et al: Antibodies to polynucleotides in human sera: Antigenic specificity and relation to disease . J Exp Med 134:294-312, 1971.Crossref 57. Burnham TK, Fine G: The immunofluorescent "band" test for lupus erythematosus . Br J Dermatol 84:176-177, 1971.Crossref 58. Cormane RH, Szabo E, Hauge LS: Immunofluorescence of the skin: The interpretation of staining of blood vessels and connective tissue aided by new techniques . Br J Dermatol 82:26-43, 1970.Crossref 59. Cripps DJ, Rankin J: Action spectra of lupus erythematosus and experimental immunofluorescence . Arch Dermatol 107:563-567, 1973.Crossref 60. Baart de la Faille H, Baart de la Faille-Kuyper EH: Immunofluorescent studies of the skin in rosacea . Dermatologica 139:49-54, 1969.Crossref 61. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Maciejowska E: The scope and limitations of the immunofluorescence method in the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus . Br J Dermatol 83:242-247, 1970.Crossref 62. Salo OP: SLE-like deposition of immunoglobulins in the skin in rosacea . Ann Clin Res 2:28-31, 1970. 63. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Blaszczyk M: Scleroderma: Immunologic studies , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 123-136. 64. Jablonska S, Blaszczyk M, Chorzelski T: Syndrome de Rowell-Lupus erythemateux avec des lesions coexistantes de type erythema polymorphe bulleux . Med Hyg 30:1390-1393, 1972. 65. Jablonska S, Blaszczyk M, Jarzabek M: Bullous erythema multiforme concomitant with lupus erythematosus in the light of immunofluorescent studies . Pol Med J 10:773-781, 1971. 66. Torok E: Is morphea due to autoaggression? in: XIV International Congress of Dermatology , abstracted. Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1972, p 35. 67. Parish WE: Cutaneous vasculitis , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 153-169. 68. Schroeder AL, Copeman PWM, Jordon RE, et al: Immunofluorescence of cutaneous vasculitis associated with systemic disease . Arch Dermatol 104:254-259, 1971.Crossref 69. Tuffanelli DL, Epstein JH, Epstein WL: Cutaneous porphyrias , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 170-181. 70. Krogh HK: Antibodies to stratum corneum in man , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 402-414. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Dermatology American Medical Association

Uses for Immunofluorescence Tests of Skin and Sera: Utilization of Immunofluorescence in the Diagnosis of Bullous Diseases, Lupus Erythematosus, and Certain Other Dermatoses

Archives of Dermatology , Volume 111 (3) – Mar 1, 1975

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References (51)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1975 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-987X
eISSN
1538-3652
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1975.01630150091013
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Abstract

Abstract Sera and frozen biopsy specimens taken for immunofluorescence can be of diagnostic value in studies of vesiculobullous eruptions and connective tissue diseases. Appropriate handling of specimens is important. In cases of pemphigus and pemphigoid, findings of typical antibodies in sera and immunoglobulin deposits in skin sections serve to establish the diagnoses. Fluctuations in titers of pemphigus antibodies afford a prognostic guide. IgA deposits at the dermoepidermal junction in patients with vesiculobullous eruptions are diagnostic of dermatitis herpetiformis. Elevated titers of antinuclear antibodies, frequently with a peripheral pattern, and DNA antibodies as well as junctional deposits of immunoglobulins or complement or both in the apparently uninvolved skin are highly characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. More or less typical patterns of immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the lesion appear in discoid lupus erythematosus, porphyrias, and some other dermatoses. References 1. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP: Histopathologie der Haut . Warsaw, Poland, Polnischer Medizinischer Staatsverlag, 1966, pp 108-117. 2. Lever WF: Pemphigus and Pemphigoid . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1965, pp 3-266. 3. Lever WF: Histopathology of the Skin , 4. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1967, pp 1-794. 4. Montgomery H: Dermatopathology . New York, Harper & Row Publishers Inc, 1967, vol 1, pp 1-650; 5. vol 2, pp 651-1247. 6. Rook A, Waddington E: Pemphigus and pemphigoid . Br J Dermatol 65:425-431, 1953.Crossref 7. Beutner EH: Defined Immunofluorescent Staining . Ann NY Acad Sci 177:5-529, 1971.Crossref 8. Goldman M: Fluorescent Antibody Methods . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1968, pp 1-303. 9. Holborow EJ (ed): Standardization in Immunofluorescence . Oxford, England, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1970, pp 1-282. 10. Kawamura A (ed): Fluorescent Antibody Techniques and Their Applications . Tokyo, University of Tokyo Press, 1969, 3-203. 11. Nairn RC: Fluorescent Protein Tracing , ed 3. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1969, pp 1-503. 12. Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin: Labeled Antibody Studies . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 1-461. 13. Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Jordon RE: Autosensitization in Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1970, pp 5-194. 14. Eidelman S, Berschauer JA: A method for immunocytochemical studies of human gastrointestinal section biopsies . Stain Technol 44:43-44, 1969. 15. Michel B, Milner Y, David K: Preservation of tissue-fixed immunoglobulins in skin biopsies of patients with lupus erythematoses and bullous diseases: Preliminary report . J Invest Dermatol 59:449-454, 1973.Crossref 16. Chorzelski TP, Beutner EH: Factors Chorzelski tributing to occasional failures in demonstration of pemphigus antibodies by the immunofluorescence test . J Invest Dermatol 53:188-191, 1969.Crossref 17. Andersen P, Hale WL: Immunohistology of human antibodies on monkey esophagus , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 271-286. 18. Olson K, Biberfeld G, Fagraeus A: Blood group antibodies as a source of error in the diagnosis of pemphigus by indirect immunofluorescence . Acta Derm Venereol 52:389-392, 1972. 19. Michel B, Sy EK: Tissue-fixed immunoglobulins in lichen planus , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 182-193. 20. Burnham TK: Antinuclear antibodies: Significance of nuclear staining patterns , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 379-393. 21. Beck JS: Variations in the morphological patterns of "autoimmune" nuclear fluorescence . Lancet 1:1203-1205, 1961.Crossref 22. Sharp GC, Irvin WS, Tan EM, et al: Mixed connective tissue disease—an apparently distinct rheumatic disease syndrome associated with a specific antibody to an extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) . Am J Med 52:148-159, 1972.Crossref 23. Paronetto F, Popper H: Hetero-, iso- and autoimmune phenomena in the liver , in Miescher PA, Muller-Eberhardt, HJ (eds): Textbook of Immunopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969, pp 562-583. 24. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Zalewski T, et al: Autoimmunologische (lupoid) Hepatitis im Lichte der Immunofluoreszensuntersuchungen . Dermatol Monatsschr 158:271-277, 1972. 25. Sarkany I: Juvenile cirrhosis and allergic capillaritis of the skin . Lancet 2:666-668, 1966.Crossref 26. Chorzelski TP, Jablonska S, Beutner EH: Clinical significance of pemphigus antibodies , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 25-43. 27. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Beutner EH, et al: Indications for skin and serum immunofluorescent studies in dermatology , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 1-24. 28. Grover RW: Transient acantholytic dermatosis . Arch Dermatol 101:426-439, 1970.Crossref 29. Thivolet J, Beyvin AJ: Recherche par immunofluorescence d'autoanticorps seriques vis-avis des constituants de l'epiderme chez les brules . Experientia 24:945-946, 1968.Crossref 30. Fellner MJ, Fukuyama K, Moshell A, et al: Intercellular antibodies in blood and epidermis: A histochemical study of IgG immunoglobulins in patients with late reactions to penicillin and their comparison with similar antibodies in patients with pemphigus vulgaris . Br J Dermatol 89:115-126, 1973.Crossref 31. Peck SM, Osserman KE, Rule AH: Intercellular antibodies: Presence in a Trichophyton rubrum infection . J Invest Dermatol 58:133-138, 1972.Crossref 32. Saikia NK, Macconnell LES: Senear-Usher syndrome and internal malignancy . Br J Dermatol 87:1-5, 1972.Crossref 33. Baart de la Faille-Kuyper EH: Lupus erythematosus, an immunohistochemical and clinical study of 485 patients, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 1969, thesis. University of Utrecht. 34. Bean SF, Michel B: Cicatricial pemphigoid , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 44-54. 35. Bean SF, Waisman M, Michel B, et al: Cicatricial pemphigoid: Immunofluorescent studies . Arch Dermatol 106:195-200, 1972.Crossref 36. Jordon RE, Bean SF, Jablonska S, et al: Chronic nonhereditary childhood bullous diseases , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 78-91. 37. Faber WR, van Joost T: Juvenile pemphigoid . Br J Dermatol 89:519-522, 1973.Crossref 38. Bushkell LL, Jordon RE, Goltz RW: Herpes gestationis: New immunologic findings . Arch Dermatol 110:65-69, 1974.Crossref 39. Heid E, Maleville J, Basset A: Etude des deux cas d'herpes gestationis en immunofluorescence . Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphilol 80:10-12, 1973. 40. Provost TT, Tomasi TB Jr: Evidence for complement activation via the alternate pathway in skin diseases: I. Herpes gestationis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and bullous pemphigoid . J Clin Invest 52:1779-1787, 1973.Crossref 41. van der Meer JB: Dermatitis Herpetiformis, a Specific (Immunopathological?) Entity . Leiden, The Netherlands, NV Drukkerij, VH Batteljee & Terpstra, 1972. 42. van der Meer JB: Dermatitis herpetiformis , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 64-77. 43. Seah PP, Fry L, Hoffbrand AV, et al: Tissue antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult celiac disease . Lancet 1:834-836, 1971.Crossref 44. Fry L, Seah PP: Dermatitis herpetiformis: An evaluation of diagnostic criteria . Br J Dermatol 90:137-146, 1974.Crossref 45. Honeyman JF, Honeyman A, Lobitz WC, et al: The enigma of bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis . Arch Dermatol 106:22-25, 1972.Crossref 46. de Mento FJ, Grover RW: Acantholytic herpetiform dermatitis . Arch Dermatol 107:883-887, 1973.Crossref 47. Holubar K, Beutner EH: Pemphigus vs acantholytic herpetiform dermatitis . Arch Dermatol 109:408-409, 1974.Crossref 48. Winkelmann RK, Roth HL: Dermatitis herpetiformis with acantholysis or pemphigus with response to sulfonamides . Arch Dermatol 82:385-390, 1960.Crossref 49. Chorzelski TP, de Mento FJ, Maciejowska E, et al: Coexistence of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid: A complex of autoimmune disturbances . Arch Dermatol 109:849-853, 1974.Crossref 50. Bergquist RN: Antinuclear antibodies: significance of titers , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 391-401. 51. Cormane RH, van Joost T: Lupus erythematosus: Immunologic studies of the skin , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 92-122. 52. Cream JJ: Immune complex disease and mixed cryoglobulinemia , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 137-152. 53. Miescher P, Paronetto F: Systemic lupus erythematosus , in Miescher PA, Muller-Eberhard HJ (eds): Textbook of Immunopathology . New York, Grune & Stratton Inc, 1969, pp 675-712. 54. Tan EM, Vaughn JH: Antinuclear antibodies: Significance of biochemical specificities , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 367-378. 55. Cormane RH: Classification of immunoglobulins in the dermo-epidermal junction in lupus erythematosus . Clin Exp Immunol 1:207-212, 1966. 56. Koffler E, Carr R, Agnello V, et al: Antibodies to polynucleotides in human sera: Antigenic specificity and relation to disease . J Exp Med 134:294-312, 1971.Crossref 57. Burnham TK, Fine G: The immunofluorescent "band" test for lupus erythematosus . Br J Dermatol 84:176-177, 1971.Crossref 58. Cormane RH, Szabo E, Hauge LS: Immunofluorescence of the skin: The interpretation of staining of blood vessels and connective tissue aided by new techniques . Br J Dermatol 82:26-43, 1970.Crossref 59. Cripps DJ, Rankin J: Action spectra of lupus erythematosus and experimental immunofluorescence . Arch Dermatol 107:563-567, 1973.Crossref 60. Baart de la Faille H, Baart de la Faille-Kuyper EH: Immunofluorescent studies of the skin in rosacea . Dermatologica 139:49-54, 1969.Crossref 61. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Maciejowska E: The scope and limitations of the immunofluorescence method in the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus . Br J Dermatol 83:242-247, 1970.Crossref 62. Salo OP: SLE-like deposition of immunoglobulins in the skin in rosacea . Ann Clin Res 2:28-31, 1970. 63. Jablonska S, Chorzelski TP, Blaszczyk M: Scleroderma: Immunologic studies , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 123-136. 64. Jablonska S, Blaszczyk M, Chorzelski T: Syndrome de Rowell-Lupus erythemateux avec des lesions coexistantes de type erythema polymorphe bulleux . Med Hyg 30:1390-1393, 1972. 65. Jablonska S, Blaszczyk M, Jarzabek M: Bullous erythema multiforme concomitant with lupus erythematosus in the light of immunofluorescent studies . Pol Med J 10:773-781, 1971. 66. Torok E: Is morphea due to autoaggression? in: XIV International Congress of Dermatology , abstracted. Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1972, p 35. 67. Parish WE: Cutaneous vasculitis , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 153-169. 68. Schroeder AL, Copeman PWM, Jordon RE, et al: Immunofluorescence of cutaneous vasculitis associated with systemic disease . Arch Dermatol 104:254-259, 1971.Crossref 69. Tuffanelli DL, Epstein JH, Epstein WL: Cutaneous porphyrias , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 170-181. 70. Krogh HK: Antibodies to stratum corneum in man , in Beutner EH, Chorzelski TP, Bean S, et al (eds): Immunopathology of the Skin . Stroudsburg, Pa, Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, 1973, pp 402-414.

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Archives of DermatologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Mar 1, 1975

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