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Experimental Studies on Dermographism

Experimental Studies on Dermographism Abstract Dermographism can be produced by modest pressure in the skin of normal persons following the application of tetrahydrofurfuryl nicotinate ointment. This local vascular response to pressure lasts up to 96 hours. It does not follow ultraviolet radiation or other chemically induced erythema. Aspirin will prevent the occurrence of dermographism by blocking tetrahydrofurfuryl nicotinate erythema, but aspirin given after induction of the erythema will not prevent dermographism. This dermographism is not prevented by procaine, atropine, cortisone, diphenhydramine, or 48:80. Histamine is not found in dermal perfusates of the dermographic site. Kinin activity is found in such dermal perfusates but not when the site is occluded by a blood pressure cuff, suggesting that this activity comes from the blood. Perfusion of seven patients who had severe clinical dermographism gave similar results. This study suggests that dermographism, and possibly other forms of physical urticaria, is based on a direct effect of the physical agent on blood vessels and this may be potentiated by chemical agents such as nicotinic acid esters and histamine. References 1. Lewis, T.: The Blood Vessels of the Human Skin and Their Responses , Chicago: Chicago Medical Book Company, 1927. 2. Winkelmann, R.K.: Technique of Dermal Perfusion, unpublished data. 3. Code, C.F., and McIntire, F.C.: " Quantitative Determination of Histamine ," in Methods of Biochemical Analysis , edited by David Glick, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1956, vol. 3, pp 49-95. 4. Schachter, M.: Polypeptides Which Affect Smooth Muscles and Blood Vessels , New York: Symposium Publications Division, Pergamon Press, 1960. 5. Crismon, J.M., et al: Forearm Blood Flow After Inunction of Rubefacient Substances , J Physiol 145:47P-48P ( (Dec 5) -6) 1959. 6. Crockford, G.W.; Hellon, R.F.; and Heyman, A.: Local Vasomotor Responses to Rubefacients and Ultra-violet Radiation , J Physiol 161:21-29 ( (April) ) 1962. 7. Winkelmann, R.K., and Wilhelmj, C.M., Jr.: Variations of Skin Reaction to Vasodilators: Methacholine (Mecholyl) and Trafuril , J Invest Dermat 41:313-318 ( (Nov) ) 1963.Crossref 8. Spector, W.G., and Willoughby, D.A.: The Demonstration of the Role of Mediators in Turpentine Pleurisy in Rats by Experimental Suppression of the Inflammatory Changes , J Path Bact 77:1-17 ( (Jan) ) 1959.Crossref 9. Zachariae, H.: Skin Histamine in Urticaria: A Spectrofluorometric Assay , Acta Dermatovener 43:214-218, 1963. 10. Shelley, W.B.: Indirect Basophil Degranulation Test for Allergy to Penicillin and Other Drugs , JAMA 184:171-178 ( (April 20) ) 1963.Crossref 11. Fekete, Z., and Kalz, F.: Studies in Capillary Permeability: The Duration and Repair of Experimentally Induced Capillary Damage , Dermatologica 127:289-297, 1962.Crossref 12. Herxheimer, A., and Schachter, M.: Weal and Flare in Human Skin Produced by Histamine and Other Substances , J Physiol 145:34P-35P ( (Dec 5) -6) 1959. 13. Fox, R.H., et al: Bradykinin as a Vasodilator in Man , J Physiol 157:589-602 ( (Aug) ) 1961. 14. Allwood, M.J., and Lewis, G.P.: Bradykinin and Forearm Blood Flow , J Physiol 170:571-581 ( (April) ) 1964. 15. Walzer, A.: Urticaria. III. Experimental Urticaria Factitia , Arch Dermat & Syph 18:868-885 ( (Dec) ) 1928. 16. Calnan, C.D.: Urticarial Reactions , Brit Med J 2:649-655 ( (Sept 12) ) 1964. 17. Beall, G.N.: Urticaria: A Review of Laboratory and Clinical Observations , Medicine 43:131-151 ( (March) ) 1964. 18. Kierland, R.R.: Physical Allergies , Arch Dermat 68:61-68 ( (July) ) 1953. 19. Baer, R.L., and Sulzberger, M.B.: Effect of Pyribenzamine on Dermographism (Urticaria Factitia) , J Invest Dermat 7:201-206 ( (Aug) ) 1946. 20. Rasmussen, K.A.: The Effect of Antihistaminics on Histamine Whealing and on Dermographism: Elucidated by Comparative Electrophoretical Experiments , Acta Dermatovener 29:564-571, 1949. 21. Levi, L., and Meneghini, C.L.: Liberatori di istamina, istaminemia, e mastociti circolanti in alcune dermatosi allergiche , G Ital Derm 100:613-621 ( (Nov) -Dec) 1959. 22. Lorincz, A.L.: Hypersensitivity to Trauma , Amer Pract Digest Treat 7:1314-1317 ( (Aug) ) 1956. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Dermatology American Medical Association

Experimental Studies on Dermographism

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References (24)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1965 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0003-987X
eISSN
1538-3652
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1965.01600160092022
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Dermographism can be produced by modest pressure in the skin of normal persons following the application of tetrahydrofurfuryl nicotinate ointment. This local vascular response to pressure lasts up to 96 hours. It does not follow ultraviolet radiation or other chemically induced erythema. Aspirin will prevent the occurrence of dermographism by blocking tetrahydrofurfuryl nicotinate erythema, but aspirin given after induction of the erythema will not prevent dermographism. This dermographism is not prevented by procaine, atropine, cortisone, diphenhydramine, or 48:80. Histamine is not found in dermal perfusates of the dermographic site. Kinin activity is found in such dermal perfusates but not when the site is occluded by a blood pressure cuff, suggesting that this activity comes from the blood. Perfusion of seven patients who had severe clinical dermographism gave similar results. This study suggests that dermographism, and possibly other forms of physical urticaria, is based on a direct effect of the physical agent on blood vessels and this may be potentiated by chemical agents such as nicotinic acid esters and histamine. References 1. Lewis, T.: The Blood Vessels of the Human Skin and Their Responses , Chicago: Chicago Medical Book Company, 1927. 2. Winkelmann, R.K.: Technique of Dermal Perfusion, unpublished data. 3. Code, C.F., and McIntire, F.C.: " Quantitative Determination of Histamine ," in Methods of Biochemical Analysis , edited by David Glick, New York: Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1956, vol. 3, pp 49-95. 4. Schachter, M.: Polypeptides Which Affect Smooth Muscles and Blood Vessels , New York: Symposium Publications Division, Pergamon Press, 1960. 5. Crismon, J.M., et al: Forearm Blood Flow After Inunction of Rubefacient Substances , J Physiol 145:47P-48P ( (Dec 5) -6) 1959. 6. Crockford, G.W.; Hellon, R.F.; and Heyman, A.: Local Vasomotor Responses to Rubefacients and Ultra-violet Radiation , J Physiol 161:21-29 ( (April) ) 1962. 7. Winkelmann, R.K., and Wilhelmj, C.M., Jr.: Variations of Skin Reaction to Vasodilators: Methacholine (Mecholyl) and Trafuril , J Invest Dermat 41:313-318 ( (Nov) ) 1963.Crossref 8. Spector, W.G., and Willoughby, D.A.: The Demonstration of the Role of Mediators in Turpentine Pleurisy in Rats by Experimental Suppression of the Inflammatory Changes , J Path Bact 77:1-17 ( (Jan) ) 1959.Crossref 9. Zachariae, H.: Skin Histamine in Urticaria: A Spectrofluorometric Assay , Acta Dermatovener 43:214-218, 1963. 10. Shelley, W.B.: Indirect Basophil Degranulation Test for Allergy to Penicillin and Other Drugs , JAMA 184:171-178 ( (April 20) ) 1963.Crossref 11. Fekete, Z., and Kalz, F.: Studies in Capillary Permeability: The Duration and Repair of Experimentally Induced Capillary Damage , Dermatologica 127:289-297, 1962.Crossref 12. Herxheimer, A., and Schachter, M.: Weal and Flare in Human Skin Produced by Histamine and Other Substances , J Physiol 145:34P-35P ( (Dec 5) -6) 1959. 13. Fox, R.H., et al: Bradykinin as a Vasodilator in Man , J Physiol 157:589-602 ( (Aug) ) 1961. 14. Allwood, M.J., and Lewis, G.P.: Bradykinin and Forearm Blood Flow , J Physiol 170:571-581 ( (April) ) 1964. 15. Walzer, A.: Urticaria. III. Experimental Urticaria Factitia , Arch Dermat & Syph 18:868-885 ( (Dec) ) 1928. 16. Calnan, C.D.: Urticarial Reactions , Brit Med J 2:649-655 ( (Sept 12) ) 1964. 17. Beall, G.N.: Urticaria: A Review of Laboratory and Clinical Observations , Medicine 43:131-151 ( (March) ) 1964. 18. Kierland, R.R.: Physical Allergies , Arch Dermat 68:61-68 ( (July) ) 1953. 19. Baer, R.L., and Sulzberger, M.B.: Effect of Pyribenzamine on Dermographism (Urticaria Factitia) , J Invest Dermat 7:201-206 ( (Aug) ) 1946. 20. Rasmussen, K.A.: The Effect of Antihistaminics on Histamine Whealing and on Dermographism: Elucidated by Comparative Electrophoretical Experiments , Acta Dermatovener 29:564-571, 1949. 21. Levi, L., and Meneghini, C.L.: Liberatori di istamina, istaminemia, e mastociti circolanti in alcune dermatosi allergiche , G Ital Derm 100:613-621 ( (Nov) -Dec) 1959. 22. Lorincz, A.L.: Hypersensitivity to Trauma , Amer Pract Digest Treat 7:1314-1317 ( (Aug) ) 1956.

Journal

Archives of DermatologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Oct 1, 1965

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