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R. Barnes, D. Richardson, J. Berry, Robert Hood (1945)
Flame Photometry A Rapid Analytical ProcedureIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, 17
O. H. Lowry (1942)
Histochemical Changes Associated with AgingJ. Biol. Chem., 143
P. Hald (1947)
The flame photometer for the measurement of sodium and potassium in biological materials.The Journal of biological chemistry, 167 2
D. Darrow (1948)
Disturbances in electrolyte metabolism in man and their management.Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 24 3
Charles Fox, Harold Baer (1947)
Redistribution of potassium, sodium and water in burns and trauma, and its relation to the phenomena of shock.The American journal of physiology, 151 1
J. Berry, D. Chappell, R. Barnes (1946)
Improved Method of Flame PhotometryIndustrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, 18
A. B. Hastings (1937)
The Exchange of Salt and Water Between Muscle and BloodJ. Biol. Chem., 117
V. Suntzeff, C. Carruthers (1945)
The mineral composition of human epidermis.The Journal of biological chemistry, 160
J. Baumberger, V. Suntzeff, E. Cowdry (1942)
Methods for the Separation of Epidermis from Dermis and Some Physiologic and Chemical Properties of Isolated EpidermisJournal of the National Cancer Institute, 2
A. Hastings, L. Eichelberger (1937)
THE EXCHANGE OF SALT AND WATER BETWEEN MUSCLE AND BLOOD I. THE EFFECT OF AN INCREASE IN TOTAL BODY WATER PRODUCED BY THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF ISOTONIC SALT SOLUTIONSJournal of Biological Chemistry, 117
C. Eisele, L. Eichelberger (1945)
Water, Electrolyte and Nitrogen Content of Human SkinProceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 58
L. Eichelberger, C. Eisele, D. Wertzler (1943)
The distribution of water, nitrogen, and electrolytes in skin.Journal of Biological Chemistry, 151
O. Lowry, A. Hastings (1942)
HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING I. METHODS AND CALCULATIONSJournal of Biological Chemistry, 143
Abstract KNOWLEDGE of the basic chemical composition of epidermal tissue is fundamental to an understanding of many of the problems of dermatology. Preliminary observations of the chemical composition of human epidermis have been made possible by the introduction of a method for the clean, complete separation of epidermis and dermis1 and the development of the flame photometer for measuring small quantities of sodium and potassium in biologic solutions.2 The flame photometer utilizing an internal lithium standard was constructed by one of us (C. L. F.) in accordance with the design of Berry, Chappell and Barnes.3 This instrument has been found, after extensive testing,4 to give accurate and reproducible readings and represents a considerable improvement over the original direct-reading photometer designed by Barnes and associates2 and tested by Hald.5 METHODS AND MATERIAL The material used in this investigation was human skin obtained from amputated parts, with radical mastectomies constituting the main source. References 1. Baumberger, J. P.; Suntzeff, V., and Cowdry, E. V.: Methods for the Separation of Epidermis and Dermis and Some Physiologic and Chemical Properties of Isolated Epidermis , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 2:413 ( (April) ) 1942. 2. Barnes, R. B.; Richardson, D.; Berry, J. W., and Hood, R. L.: Flame Photometry: A Rapid Analytical Procedure , Indust. & Engin. Chem. (Analyt. Ed.) 17:605 ( (Oct.) ) 1945. 3. Berry, J. W.; Chappell, D. G., and Barnes, R. B.: Improved Method of Flame Photometry , Indust. & Engin. Chem. (Analyt. Ed.) 18:19 ( (Jan.) ) 1946. 4. Fox, C. L., Jr., and Baer, H.: Redistribution of Potassium, Sodium, and Water in Burns and Trauma, and Its Relation to the Phenomena of Shock , Am. J. Physiol. 151:155 ( (Nov.) ) 1947. 5. Hald, P. M.: The Flame Photometer for the Measurement of Sodium and Potassium in Biological Materials , J. Biol. Chem. 167:499 ( (Feb.) ) 1947. 6. Lowry, O. H., and Hastings, A. B.: Histochemical Changes Associated with Aging , J. Biol. Chem. 143:257 ( (March) ) 1942. 7. Zheutlin, H. E. C.: Unpublished data. 8. Eisele, C. W., and Eichelberger, L.: Water, Electrolyte and Nitrogen Content of Human Skin , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 58:97 ( (Jan.) ) 1945. 9. Suntzeff, V., and Carruthers, C.: The Mineral Composition of Human Epidermis , J. Biol. Chem. 160:567 ( (Oct.) ) 1945. 10. Eichelberger, L.: Eisele, C. W., and Wertzler, D.: The Distribution of Water, Nitrogen, and Electrolytes in Skin , J. Biol. Chem. 151:177 ( (Nov.) ) 1943. 11. Hastings, A. B., and Eichelberger, L.: The Exchange of Salt and Water Between Muscle and Blood , J. Biol. Chem. 117:73 ( (Jan.) ) 1937. 12. Darrow, D. C.: Disturbances in Electrolyte Metabolism in Man and Their Management , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 24:147 ( (March) ) 1948.
Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology – American Medical Association
Published: Mar 1, 1950
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