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H. Eder (1945)
Flea bites. Prevention and treatment with thiamin chloride.Archives of pediatrics, 62
A. Dietrich (1937)
Lichen urticatus exogenesWien. klin. Wchnschr., 50
P. Peill (1946)
Permanent Bleaching of Ligno-Cellulosic MaterialsNature, 158
A. Hatoff (1946)
Desensitization to insect bites.Journal of the American Medical Association, 130
B. McIvor, L. Cherney (1941)
Studies in Insect Bite Desensitization 1American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 21
D. King-Smith , E. J. Trow (1932)
Urticaria (Papular)Arch. Dermat. & Syph., 25
L. Cherney, C. Wheeler, A. Reed (1939)
Flea-antigen in Prevention of Flea Bites.American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 19
E. Urbach (1943)
Allergy
B. Tate (1933)
Papular urticaria (lichen urticatus)Archives of Disease in Childhood, 10
(1936)
The Flea in California History and LiteratureCalifornia Hist. Soc. Quart., 15
E. D. Chipman (1910)
Urticaria, with Special References to the Cause in the Papular Forms of ChildrenCalifornia State J. Med., 8
G. Simon (1898)
Beiträge zur Kenntniss der "Neurodermitiden
R. Hallam (1932)
Further Observations on the Aetiology of Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus)Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph., 44
J. Kinnear (1933)
Urticaria PapulosaBrit. J. Dermat. & Syph., 45
M. Hartman (1948)
The Use of Hormones in DermatologyBrit. J. Dermat., 60
K. Mellanby (1946)
Man's Reaction to Mosquito BitesNature, 158
E. Urbach (1932)
Skin Diseases and Nutrition, Including the Dermatoses of Children
W. Colton
Three years in California
J. Macleod (1921)
DISEASES OF THE SKINThe American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 162
R. Hallam (1932)
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ETIOLOGY OF PAPULAR URTICARIA (LICHEN URTICATUS). *British Journal of Dermatology, 44
G. Andrews (1917)
Diseases of the SkinTexas Medical Journal, 32
A. Hatoff (1946)
Desensitization to Insect BitesJ. A. M. A., 130
Abstract THE TESTIMONY of present day dermatologists is that fleas are more of a nuisance in California, particularly in the San Francisco Bay area, than elsewhere in the United States. HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS In the vast literature relating to exploration, settlement and life in California the references to misery caused by fleas encountered by the authors are related entirely to experiences in Northern California. Padre Juan Crespi,1 the diarist of the Portola expedition of 1769, wrote that when the expedition visited an Indian village on Purisima Creek in San Mateo County they found the grass huts so infested with fleas that they called it "Village of the Fleas." In 1786 the Frenchman La Perouse1 had this to say about the fleas in Carmel and Monterey: "Under the influence of the Missionaries the Indians had refused to make the slightest change in the construction of their huts because they could References 1. The Flea in California History and Literature , California Hist. Soc. Quart. 15:329 ( (Dec.) ) 1936. 2. Calton, W.: Three Years in California , New York, A. S. Barnes & Co., 1850, p. 70. 3. The data and some of the phrasing on entomology were given to me by Morris A. Stewart, Ph. D., Professor of Parasitology, the Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 4. Chipman, E. D.: Urticaria, with Special References to the Cause in the Papular Forms of Children , California State J. Med. 8:207 ( (June) ) 1910. 5. Simon, G.: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der "Neurodermitiden ," Bern, Stämpfli & Co., 1898. 6. Hallam, R.: Further Observations on the Aetiology of Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus) , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 44:117 ( (March) ) 1932. 7. Tate, B. C.: Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus) , Arch. Dis. Childhood 10:27 ( (Feb.) ) 1935. 8. Kinnear, J.: Urticaria Papulosa , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 45:65 ( (Feb.) ) 1933. 9. Urbach, E.: Skin Diseases and Nutrition, Including the Dermatoses of Children , Vienna, Wilhelm Maudrich, 1932, p. 175. 10. Hallam.6 Tate.7 Kinnear.8 11. Templeton, H. J.: Personal communication to the author. 12. Dietrich, A.: Lichen urticatus exogenes , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 50:1730 ( (Dec. 17) ) 1937. 13. Urbach, E., and Gottlieb, P. M.: Allergy , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1943, pp. 884-891. 14. Macleod, J. M. H.: Diseases of the Skin , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, 1924, p. 698. 15. Andrews, G. C.: Diseases of the Skin , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1930, p. 348, 16. King-Smith, D.; Trow, E. J., and Dixon, H. A.: Urticaria (Papular) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 25:172 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 17. Hartman, M.: The Use of Hormones in Dermatology , Brit. J. Dermat. 60:30 ( (Jan.) ) 1948. 18. Hutchinson, J., cited by MacKenna, R. W.: Diseases of the Skin , ed. 3, Baltimore, William Wood & Company, 1933, p. 278. 19. MacKenna.18 20. Eder, H. L.: Flea Bites: Prevention and Treatment with Thiamin Chloride , Arch. Pediat. 62:300 ( (July) ) 1945. 21. Mellanby, K.: Man's Reaction to Mosquito Bites , Nature, London 158:554 ( (Oct. 19) ) 1946. 22. Cherney, L. S.; Wheeler, C. M., and Reed, A. C.: Flea-Antigen in Prevention of Flea Bites , Am. J. Trop. Med. 19:327 ( (July) ) 1939. 23. McIvor, B. C., and Cherney, L. S.: Studies in Insect Bite Desensitization , Am. J. Trop. Med. 21:493 ( (May) ) 1941. 24. Hatoff, A.: Desensitization to Insect Bites , J. A. M. A. 130:850 ( (March 30) ) 1946. 25. The fleas used in our experiments were furnished through the courtesy of Morris A. Stewart, Ph.D.
Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology – American Medical Association
Published: Dec 1, 1949
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