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FLEA PROBLEM IN CALIFORNIA

FLEA PROBLEM IN CALIFORNIA Abstract THE TESTIMONY of present day dermatologists is that fleas are more of a nuisance in California, particularly in the San Francisco Bay area, than elsewhere in the United States. HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS In the vast literature relating to exploration, settlement and life in California the references to misery caused by fleas encountered by the authors are related entirely to experiences in Northern California. Padre Juan Crespi,1 the diarist of the Portola expedition of 1769, wrote that when the expedition visited an Indian village on Purisima Creek in San Mateo County they found the grass huts so infested with fleas that they called it "Village of the Fleas." In 1786 the Frenchman La Perouse1 had this to say about the fleas in Carmel and Monterey: "Under the influence of the Missionaries the Indians had refused to make the slightest change in the construction of their huts because they could References 1. The Flea in California History and Literature , California Hist. Soc. Quart. 15:329 ( (Dec.) ) 1936. 2. Calton, W.: Three Years in California , New York, A. S. Barnes & Co., 1850, p. 70. 3. The data and some of the phrasing on entomology were given to me by Morris A. Stewart, Ph. D., Professor of Parasitology, the Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 4. Chipman, E. D.: Urticaria, with Special References to the Cause in the Papular Forms of Children , California State J. Med. 8:207 ( (June) ) 1910. 5. Simon, G.: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der "Neurodermitiden ," Bern, Stämpfli & Co., 1898. 6. Hallam, R.: Further Observations on the Aetiology of Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus) , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 44:117 ( (March) ) 1932. 7. Tate, B. C.: Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus) , Arch. Dis. Childhood 10:27 ( (Feb.) ) 1935. 8. Kinnear, J.: Urticaria Papulosa , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 45:65 ( (Feb.) ) 1933. 9. Urbach, E.: Skin Diseases and Nutrition, Including the Dermatoses of Children , Vienna, Wilhelm Maudrich, 1932, p. 175. 10. Hallam.6 Tate.7 Kinnear.8 11. Templeton, H. J.: Personal communication to the author. 12. Dietrich, A.: Lichen urticatus exogenes , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 50:1730 ( (Dec. 17) ) 1937. 13. Urbach, E., and Gottlieb, P. M.: Allergy , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1943, pp. 884-891. 14. Macleod, J. M. H.: Diseases of the Skin , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, 1924, p. 698. 15. Andrews, G. C.: Diseases of the Skin , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1930, p. 348, 16. King-Smith, D.; Trow, E. J., and Dixon, H. A.: Urticaria (Papular) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 25:172 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 17. Hartman, M.: The Use of Hormones in Dermatology , Brit. J. Dermat. 60:30 ( (Jan.) ) 1948. 18. Hutchinson, J., cited by MacKenna, R. W.: Diseases of the Skin , ed. 3, Baltimore, William Wood & Company, 1933, p. 278. 19. MacKenna.18 20. Eder, H. L.: Flea Bites: Prevention and Treatment with Thiamin Chloride , Arch. Pediat. 62:300 ( (July) ) 1945. 21. Mellanby, K.: Man's Reaction to Mosquito Bites , Nature, London 158:554 ( (Oct. 19) ) 1946. 22. Cherney, L. S.; Wheeler, C. M., and Reed, A. C.: Flea-Antigen in Prevention of Flea Bites , Am. J. Trop. Med. 19:327 ( (July) ) 1939. 23. McIvor, B. C., and Cherney, L. S.: Studies in Insect Bite Desensitization , Am. J. Trop. Med. 21:493 ( (May) ) 1941. 24. Hatoff, A.: Desensitization to Insect Bites , J. A. M. A. 130:850 ( (March 30) ) 1946. 25. The fleas used in our experiments were furnished through the courtesy of Morris A. Stewart, Ph.D. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology American Medical Association

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References (22)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1949 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6029
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1949.01530070124012
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract THE TESTIMONY of present day dermatologists is that fleas are more of a nuisance in California, particularly in the San Francisco Bay area, than elsewhere in the United States. HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS In the vast literature relating to exploration, settlement and life in California the references to misery caused by fleas encountered by the authors are related entirely to experiences in Northern California. Padre Juan Crespi,1 the diarist of the Portola expedition of 1769, wrote that when the expedition visited an Indian village on Purisima Creek in San Mateo County they found the grass huts so infested with fleas that they called it "Village of the Fleas." In 1786 the Frenchman La Perouse1 had this to say about the fleas in Carmel and Monterey: "Under the influence of the Missionaries the Indians had refused to make the slightest change in the construction of their huts because they could References 1. The Flea in California History and Literature , California Hist. Soc. Quart. 15:329 ( (Dec.) ) 1936. 2. Calton, W.: Three Years in California , New York, A. S. Barnes & Co., 1850, p. 70. 3. The data and some of the phrasing on entomology were given to me by Morris A. Stewart, Ph. D., Professor of Parasitology, the Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 4. Chipman, E. D.: Urticaria, with Special References to the Cause in the Papular Forms of Children , California State J. Med. 8:207 ( (June) ) 1910. 5. Simon, G.: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der "Neurodermitiden ," Bern, Stämpfli & Co., 1898. 6. Hallam, R.: Further Observations on the Aetiology of Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus) , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 44:117 ( (March) ) 1932. 7. Tate, B. C.: Papular Urticaria (Lichen Urticatus) , Arch. Dis. Childhood 10:27 ( (Feb.) ) 1935. 8. Kinnear, J.: Urticaria Papulosa , Brit. J. Dermat. & Syph. 45:65 ( (Feb.) ) 1933. 9. Urbach, E.: Skin Diseases and Nutrition, Including the Dermatoses of Children , Vienna, Wilhelm Maudrich, 1932, p. 175. 10. Hallam.6 Tate.7 Kinnear.8 11. Templeton, H. J.: Personal communication to the author. 12. Dietrich, A.: Lichen urticatus exogenes , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 50:1730 ( (Dec. 17) ) 1937. 13. Urbach, E., and Gottlieb, P. M.: Allergy , New York, Grune & Stratton, Inc., 1943, pp. 884-891. 14. Macleod, J. M. H.: Diseases of the Skin , New York, Paul B. Hoeber, 1924, p. 698. 15. Andrews, G. C.: Diseases of the Skin , Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Company, 1930, p. 348, 16. King-Smith, D.; Trow, E. J., and Dixon, H. A.: Urticaria (Papular) , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 25:172 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 17. Hartman, M.: The Use of Hormones in Dermatology , Brit. J. Dermat. 60:30 ( (Jan.) ) 1948. 18. Hutchinson, J., cited by MacKenna, R. W.: Diseases of the Skin , ed. 3, Baltimore, William Wood & Company, 1933, p. 278. 19. MacKenna.18 20. Eder, H. L.: Flea Bites: Prevention and Treatment with Thiamin Chloride , Arch. Pediat. 62:300 ( (July) ) 1945. 21. Mellanby, K.: Man's Reaction to Mosquito Bites , Nature, London 158:554 ( (Oct. 19) ) 1946. 22. Cherney, L. S.; Wheeler, C. M., and Reed, A. C.: Flea-Antigen in Prevention of Flea Bites , Am. J. Trop. Med. 19:327 ( (July) ) 1939. 23. McIvor, B. C., and Cherney, L. S.: Studies in Insect Bite Desensitization , Am. J. Trop. Med. 21:493 ( (May) ) 1941. 24. Hatoff, A.: Desensitization to Insect Bites , J. A. M. A. 130:850 ( (March 30) ) 1946. 25. The fleas used in our experiments were furnished through the courtesy of Morris A. Stewart, Ph.D.

Journal

Archives of Dermatology and SyphilologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Dec 1, 1949

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