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CI. HISTOCHEMISTRY OF PEMPHIGUS LESIONS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BULLOUS FORMATION

CI. HISTOCHEMISTRY OF PEMPHIGUS LESIONS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BULLOUS FORMATION Abstract In this investigation, the problem of pemphigus was approached by a study of certain physiochemical and histochemical factors concerned in the production and properties of the characteristic lesion of this disease, a blister.1 Attempts were made to induce formation of artificial blisters in pemphigus skin by injection of fluids under pressure. The cohesive property of unaffected skin from patients with pemphigus was estimated by the use of measured weights, and the proteins of blister fluids were studied polarographically. Finally, the tissue minerals of unaffected pemphigus skin and of lesions were investigated by microincineration and spectrographic analysis. Cantharides blisters and areas showing Nikolsky's sign were also studied histochemically. Thus, an attempt was made to correlate various factors in the developmental stages of blister formation. The clinical picture of pemphigus is striking, being characterized by insidious or rapid onset, usually in an adult, of bullous or vesicobullous formations on the skin References 1. Defined as a circumscribed accumulation of fluid. A blister is called a bulla if it is larger than 0.5 cm. in diameter, and a vesicle if it is smaller. 2. Ormsby, O. S.: Diseases of the Skin , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1937. 3. Gawalowski, K.: New Findings in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Preliminary Communication , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 6:476 ( (Oct.) ) 1922. 4. Talbott, J. H.; Lever, W. F., and Consolazio, W. V.: Metabolic Studies on Patients with Pemphigus , J. Invest. Dermat. 3:31 ( (Feb.) ) 1940. 5. Eberson, F.: Studies on Etiology of Pemphigus: Bacteriologic Findings in Group of Cases of Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 8:204 ( (Aug.) ) 1923. 6. Welsh, A. L.: Specificity of a Streptococcus Isolated from Patients with Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 30:611 ( (Nov.) ) 1934. 7. Grace, A. W.: Pemphigus Evidence in Support of a Bacteremia as an Explanation of Certain Terminal Changes in the Blood Picture , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 30:22 ( (July) ) 1934. 8. Urbach, E., and Wolfram, S.: Virus of Pemphigus and Dermatitis Herpetiformis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 33:788 ( (May) ) 1936. 9. Grace, A. W., and Suskind, F. H.: An Agent Transmissible to Mice Obtained During a Study of Pemphigus Vulgaris , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:324, 1937; 10. An Investigation of the Etiology of Pemphigus Vulgaris: The Isolation of a Transmissible Agent from a Fourth Case of the Disease , J. Invest. Dermat. 2:1, 1939. 11. Fleck, L., and Goldschlag, F.: Further Experimental Studies on Pemphigus , Brit. J. Dermat. 51:70, 1939. 12. Markham, F. S., and Engman, M. F., Jr.: An Inquiry into the Cause of Pemphigus: Is It a Virus Disease? Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 41:78 ( (Jan.) ) 1940. 13. Davis, R. H., and Davis, W. D.: A Contribution to the Treatment of Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 8:627 ( (Nov.) ) 1923. 14. Wende, G. W.: Pemphigus: Experience with the Davis Treatment , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 11:782 ( (June) ) 1925. 15. Davis, R. H.: Treatment for Pemphigus: A Further Report , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 19:451 ( (March) ) 1929. 16. Wile, Morrow, Fox, Highman, Schamberg and Irvine, in discussion on Wende.11a Wile, U. J., in discussion on Davis.11b 17. Grindon, J.: Tryparsamide in Acute Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 21:25 ( (Jan.) ) 1930. 18. Schamberg, J. F.: Pemphigus Recovery Following Long Continued Colonic Irrigations and Arsenic by Mouth , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 25:134 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 19. Kinnear, J.: Pemphigus: A Review of Seven Cases , Brit. J. Dermat. 50:236 ( (May) ) 1938. 20. Tomlinson, C. C., and Cameron, O. J.: Juvenile Pemphigus, Effects of Germanin in Three Cases , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 38:555 ( (Oct.) ) 1938. 21. Sonnenberg, E.: Concept of Continuous Treatment of Pemphigus with Mercury Bichloride , Ann. de dermat. et syph. 10:771, 1939; 22. Wise, F., and Sulzberger, M. B.: The 1940 Yearbook of Dermatology and Syphilology , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1941. 23. Caro, M. R.: Pemphigus: Treatment with Sulfanilamide; Preliminary Report , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 37:196 ( (Feb.) ) 1938. 24. Lain, E. S., and Lamb, J. H.: Treatment of a Pemphigoid Eruption with Sulfanilamide: Report of a Case , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 37:840 ( (May) ) 1938. 25. Tauber, E. B., and Clarke, G. E.: Treatment of Pemphigus with Concentrated Viosterol , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 40:82 ( (July) ) 1939. 26. Topping, M. C., and Knoefel, A. F.: Use of Vitamin G in Pemphigus: Report of a Case of Pemphigus Vulgaris Treated Successfully with Riboflavin , J. A. M. A. 114:2102 ( (May 25) ) 1940. 27. Wolf, S., and Lewis, G. M.: Pemphigus Vulgaris: Failure of Treatment with Riboflavin and Smallpox Vaccine , J. A. M. A. 116:2017 ( (May 3) ) 1941. 28. Lever, W. F., and Talbott, J. H.: Action of Dihydrotachysterol in Chronic Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 43:341 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 29. Kulcher, G. V., and Alderson, H. E.: The Relation of the Water Metabolism to Experimental Skin Infections , Brit. J. Dermat. 48:477, 1936. 30. McMaster, P. D.: An Inquiry into the Structural Conditions Affecting Fluid Transport in the Interstitial Tissue of the Skin , J. Exper. Med. 74:9, 1941. 31. Gregersen, M. I., and Stewart, J. D.: Simultaneous Determination of the Plasma Volume with T-1824, and the "Available Fluid" Volume with Sodium Thiocyanate , Am. J. Physiol. 125:142, 1939. 32. Gilder, H.; Müller, O. H., and Phillips, R. A.: Mixing Time of T-1824 in the Blood , Am. J. Physiol. 129:362, 1940. 33. Crandall, L. A., Jr., and Anderson, M. X.: Estimation of the State of Hydration of the Body by the Amount of Water Available for the Solution of Sodium Thiocyanate , Am. J. Digest. Dis. & Nutrition 1:126, 1934. 34. Painter, E. E.: Total Body Water in the Dog , Am. J. Physiol. 129:744, 1940. 35. Bratton, C. A., and Marshall, E. K.: A New Coupling Component for Sulfanilamide Determination , J. Biol. Chem. 128:537, 1939. 36. Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1941, p. 1087. 37. Gregersen, M. I., and Painter, E. E.: The Spectral Absorption of Sulfanilamide and Its Red Azo Dye , Am. J. Physiol. 123:83, 1938. 38. Davis, B. D.: Binding of Sulfonamides by Plasma Proteins , Science 95:78, 1942. 39. Hansen, L.: The Distribution of Free and Conjugated Sulfanilamide and Sulfapyridine Between Corpuscles and Plasma in both Human and Rabbit Blood , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 25:669, 1940. 40. Reinhold, J. G.; Schwartz, L.; Flippin, H. F., and Bethlahmy, S.: Permeability of Red Blood Corpuscles to Sulfathiazole , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 45:317, 1940. 41. Strauss, E.; Lowell, F. C.; Taylor, F. H. L., and Finland, M.: Observations on the Absorption, Excretion and Distribution of Sulfanilamide, Sulfapyridine, Sulfathiazole and Sulfamethyazole , Ann. Int. Med. 14:1360, 1941. 42. Dr. C. Carruthers, of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, performed these determinations. 43. Landis, E. M.: Micro-Injection Studies of Capillary Blood Pressure in Human Skin , Heart 15:207, 1929. 44. Brdička, R.: Polarographische Mikrobestimmung von Cystin und Cystein in Hydrolysaten von einigen Proteinen , Mikrochemie 15:167, 1934. 45. Brdička, R.: Serologische Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der polarographischen Methode und ihre Bedeutung für die Krebsdiagnostik, Acta , Union internat. contre cancer 3:13, 1938. 46. Block, R. J.: Comparative Biochemistry of the Proteins , in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology , Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., New York, The Biological Laboratory, 1938, vol. 6, p. 79. 47. Brdička, R.: Polarographic Studies with the Dropping Mercury Kathode: The Microdetermination of Cysteine and Cystine in the Hydrolysates of Proteins, and the Course of the Protein Decomposition , Collect. Czechoslov. Chem. Commun. 5:238, 1933; 48. Sladek, J., and Lipschutz, M.: Polarographic Studies with the Dropping Mercury Kathode: Specific Effects of Some Amino-Acids , Collect. Czechoslov. Chem. Commun. 6:487, 1934. 49. Stern, A.; Beach, E. F., and Macy, I. G.: Polarographic Microdetermination of Cystine in Protein Hydrolysates , J. Biol. Chem. 130:733, 1939. 50. Mr. L. Wicks, of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, carried out the hydrolyses and made total nitrogen determinations. 51. MacCardle, R. C.; Engman, M. F., Jr., and Engman, M. F.: Histology of Neurodermatitis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:161 ( (Aug.) ) 1941. 52. Scott, G. H.: The Localization of Mineral Salts in Cells of Some Mammalian Tissues by Microincineration , Am. J. Anat. 53:243, 1933. 53. McMillen, J. H., and Scott, G. H.: An Interrupted Arc for Spectral Analyses , Rev. Scient. Instruments 8:121, 1937. 54. Masson, P.: Carcinoids and Nerve Hyperplasia of the Appendicular Mucosa . Am. J. Path. 4:181, 1928. 55. MacCardle, R. C.; Engman, M. F., Jr., and Engman, M. F.: (a) Spectrographic Analysis of Neurodermatitic Lesions: A Human Magnesium Deficiency , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:429 ( (Sept.) ) 1941; 56. Mineral Changes in Neurodermatitis Revealed by Microincineration , MacCardle Arch. Dermat. & Syph. (Sept.) 47:335, 1943. 57. footnote 41. 58. Ludford, R. J.: Cell Organs During Keratinization in Normal and Malignant Growth , Quart. J. Micr. Sc. 69:27. 1924. 59. Macallum, A. B.: On the Distribution of Assimilated Iron Compounds Other than Hemoglobin and Hematins in Animal and Vegetable Cells , Quart. J. Micr. Sc. 8:175, 1895. 60. Gatenby, J. B.; Painter, T. S., and others: The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum (Bolles Lee) , ed. 10, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1937. 61. Baumberger, J. P.; Suntzeff, V., and Cowdry, E. V.: Methods for the Separation of Epidermis from Dermis and Some Physiologic and Chemical Properties of Isolated Epidermis , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 2:413, 1942. 62. Bensley, S. H.: On the Presence, Properties and Distribution of the Intercellular Ground Substance of Loose Connective Tissue , Anat. Rec. 60:93, 1934. 63. McClean, D.: Studies on Diffusing Factor , Biochem. J. 35:159, 1941. 64. Chain, E., and Duthie, E. S.: Identity of Hyaluronidase and Spreading Factor , Brit. J. Exper. Path. 21:324, 1940. 65. Meyer, K., and Chaffee, E.: The Mucopolysaccharides of Skin , J. Biol. Chem. 138:491, 1941. 66. King, E. J., and Belt, T. H.: The Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Silica , Physiol. Rev. 18:329, 1938. 67. Keilin, D.: Cytochrome and Intracellular Oxidase , Proc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B 106:418, 1929. 68. Anson, M. L., and Mirsky, A. E.: Heme and Tissue Iron , J. Gen. Physiol. 12:401, 1929. 69. de Robertis, E.: Estudios de histofisiologia hepatica , Buenos Aires, G. Buffarini, 1939. 70. Nikolsky, P. V.: Materïalî k ucheniyu o pemphigus foliaceus Cazenavi [Pemphigus Foliaceus], Thesis, Kïev, V. I. Zavadzki, 1896. 71. Dr. V. Suntzeff, of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, translated Nikolsky's thesis. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology American Medical Association

CI. HISTOCHEMISTRY OF PEMPHIGUS LESIONS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BULLOUS FORMATION

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References (75)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1943 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6029
DOI
10.1001/archderm.1943.01500220055006
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract In this investigation, the problem of pemphigus was approached by a study of certain physiochemical and histochemical factors concerned in the production and properties of the characteristic lesion of this disease, a blister.1 Attempts were made to induce formation of artificial blisters in pemphigus skin by injection of fluids under pressure. The cohesive property of unaffected skin from patients with pemphigus was estimated by the use of measured weights, and the proteins of blister fluids were studied polarographically. Finally, the tissue minerals of unaffected pemphigus skin and of lesions were investigated by microincineration and spectrographic analysis. Cantharides blisters and areas showing Nikolsky's sign were also studied histochemically. Thus, an attempt was made to correlate various factors in the developmental stages of blister formation. The clinical picture of pemphigus is striking, being characterized by insidious or rapid onset, usually in an adult, of bullous or vesicobullous formations on the skin References 1. Defined as a circumscribed accumulation of fluid. A blister is called a bulla if it is larger than 0.5 cm. in diameter, and a vesicle if it is smaller. 2. Ormsby, O. S.: Diseases of the Skin , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1937. 3. Gawalowski, K.: New Findings in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Preliminary Communication , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 6:476 ( (Oct.) ) 1922. 4. Talbott, J. H.; Lever, W. F., and Consolazio, W. V.: Metabolic Studies on Patients with Pemphigus , J. Invest. Dermat. 3:31 ( (Feb.) ) 1940. 5. Eberson, F.: Studies on Etiology of Pemphigus: Bacteriologic Findings in Group of Cases of Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 8:204 ( (Aug.) ) 1923. 6. Welsh, A. L.: Specificity of a Streptococcus Isolated from Patients with Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 30:611 ( (Nov.) ) 1934. 7. Grace, A. W.: Pemphigus Evidence in Support of a Bacteremia as an Explanation of Certain Terminal Changes in the Blood Picture , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 30:22 ( (July) ) 1934. 8. Urbach, E., and Wolfram, S.: Virus of Pemphigus and Dermatitis Herpetiformis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 33:788 ( (May) ) 1936. 9. Grace, A. W., and Suskind, F. H.: An Agent Transmissible to Mice Obtained During a Study of Pemphigus Vulgaris , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 37:324, 1937; 10. An Investigation of the Etiology of Pemphigus Vulgaris: The Isolation of a Transmissible Agent from a Fourth Case of the Disease , J. Invest. Dermat. 2:1, 1939. 11. Fleck, L., and Goldschlag, F.: Further Experimental Studies on Pemphigus , Brit. J. Dermat. 51:70, 1939. 12. Markham, F. S., and Engman, M. F., Jr.: An Inquiry into the Cause of Pemphigus: Is It a Virus Disease? Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 41:78 ( (Jan.) ) 1940. 13. Davis, R. H., and Davis, W. D.: A Contribution to the Treatment of Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 8:627 ( (Nov.) ) 1923. 14. Wende, G. W.: Pemphigus: Experience with the Davis Treatment , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 11:782 ( (June) ) 1925. 15. Davis, R. H.: Treatment for Pemphigus: A Further Report , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 19:451 ( (March) ) 1929. 16. Wile, Morrow, Fox, Highman, Schamberg and Irvine, in discussion on Wende.11a Wile, U. J., in discussion on Davis.11b 17. Grindon, J.: Tryparsamide in Acute Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 21:25 ( (Jan.) ) 1930. 18. Schamberg, J. F.: Pemphigus Recovery Following Long Continued Colonic Irrigations and Arsenic by Mouth , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 25:134 ( (Jan.) ) 1932. 19. Kinnear, J.: Pemphigus: A Review of Seven Cases , Brit. J. Dermat. 50:236 ( (May) ) 1938. 20. Tomlinson, C. C., and Cameron, O. J.: Juvenile Pemphigus, Effects of Germanin in Three Cases , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 38:555 ( (Oct.) ) 1938. 21. Sonnenberg, E.: Concept of Continuous Treatment of Pemphigus with Mercury Bichloride , Ann. de dermat. et syph. 10:771, 1939; 22. Wise, F., and Sulzberger, M. B.: The 1940 Yearbook of Dermatology and Syphilology , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1941. 23. Caro, M. R.: Pemphigus: Treatment with Sulfanilamide; Preliminary Report , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 37:196 ( (Feb.) ) 1938. 24. Lain, E. S., and Lamb, J. H.: Treatment of a Pemphigoid Eruption with Sulfanilamide: Report of a Case , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 37:840 ( (May) ) 1938. 25. Tauber, E. B., and Clarke, G. E.: Treatment of Pemphigus with Concentrated Viosterol , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 40:82 ( (July) ) 1939. 26. Topping, M. C., and Knoefel, A. F.: Use of Vitamin G in Pemphigus: Report of a Case of Pemphigus Vulgaris Treated Successfully with Riboflavin , J. A. M. A. 114:2102 ( (May 25) ) 1940. 27. Wolf, S., and Lewis, G. M.: Pemphigus Vulgaris: Failure of Treatment with Riboflavin and Smallpox Vaccine , J. A. M. A. 116:2017 ( (May 3) ) 1941. 28. Lever, W. F., and Talbott, J. H.: Action of Dihydrotachysterol in Chronic Pemphigus , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 43:341 ( (Feb.) ) 1941. 29. Kulcher, G. V., and Alderson, H. E.: The Relation of the Water Metabolism to Experimental Skin Infections , Brit. J. Dermat. 48:477, 1936. 30. McMaster, P. D.: An Inquiry into the Structural Conditions Affecting Fluid Transport in the Interstitial Tissue of the Skin , J. Exper. Med. 74:9, 1941. 31. Gregersen, M. I., and Stewart, J. D.: Simultaneous Determination of the Plasma Volume with T-1824, and the "Available Fluid" Volume with Sodium Thiocyanate , Am. J. Physiol. 125:142, 1939. 32. Gilder, H.; Müller, O. H., and Phillips, R. A.: Mixing Time of T-1824 in the Blood , Am. J. Physiol. 129:362, 1940. 33. Crandall, L. A., Jr., and Anderson, M. X.: Estimation of the State of Hydration of the Body by the Amount of Water Available for the Solution of Sodium Thiocyanate , Am. J. Digest. Dis. & Nutrition 1:126, 1934. 34. Painter, E. E.: Total Body Water in the Dog , Am. J. Physiol. 129:744, 1940. 35. Bratton, C. A., and Marshall, E. K.: A New Coupling Component for Sulfanilamide Determination , J. Biol. Chem. 128:537, 1939. 36. Goodman, L., and Gilman, A.: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , New York, The Macmillan Company, 1941, p. 1087. 37. Gregersen, M. I., and Painter, E. E.: The Spectral Absorption of Sulfanilamide and Its Red Azo Dye , Am. J. Physiol. 123:83, 1938. 38. Davis, B. D.: Binding of Sulfonamides by Plasma Proteins , Science 95:78, 1942. 39. Hansen, L.: The Distribution of Free and Conjugated Sulfanilamide and Sulfapyridine Between Corpuscles and Plasma in both Human and Rabbit Blood , J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 25:669, 1940. 40. Reinhold, J. G.; Schwartz, L.; Flippin, H. F., and Bethlahmy, S.: Permeability of Red Blood Corpuscles to Sulfathiazole , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 45:317, 1940. 41. Strauss, E.; Lowell, F. C.; Taylor, F. H. L., and Finland, M.: Observations on the Absorption, Excretion and Distribution of Sulfanilamide, Sulfapyridine, Sulfathiazole and Sulfamethyazole , Ann. Int. Med. 14:1360, 1941. 42. Dr. C. Carruthers, of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, performed these determinations. 43. Landis, E. M.: Micro-Injection Studies of Capillary Blood Pressure in Human Skin , Heart 15:207, 1929. 44. Brdička, R.: Polarographische Mikrobestimmung von Cystin und Cystein in Hydrolysaten von einigen Proteinen , Mikrochemie 15:167, 1934. 45. Brdička, R.: Serologische Untersuchungen mit Hilfe der polarographischen Methode und ihre Bedeutung für die Krebsdiagnostik, Acta , Union internat. contre cancer 3:13, 1938. 46. Block, R. J.: Comparative Biochemistry of the Proteins , in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology , Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., New York, The Biological Laboratory, 1938, vol. 6, p. 79. 47. Brdička, R.: Polarographic Studies with the Dropping Mercury Kathode: The Microdetermination of Cysteine and Cystine in the Hydrolysates of Proteins, and the Course of the Protein Decomposition , Collect. Czechoslov. Chem. Commun. 5:238, 1933; 48. Sladek, J., and Lipschutz, M.: Polarographic Studies with the Dropping Mercury Kathode: Specific Effects of Some Amino-Acids , Collect. Czechoslov. Chem. Commun. 6:487, 1934. 49. Stern, A.; Beach, E. F., and Macy, I. G.: Polarographic Microdetermination of Cystine in Protein Hydrolysates , J. Biol. Chem. 130:733, 1939. 50. Mr. L. Wicks, of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, carried out the hydrolyses and made total nitrogen determinations. 51. MacCardle, R. C.; Engman, M. F., Jr., and Engman, M. F.: Histology of Neurodermatitis , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:161 ( (Aug.) ) 1941. 52. Scott, G. H.: The Localization of Mineral Salts in Cells of Some Mammalian Tissues by Microincineration , Am. J. Anat. 53:243, 1933. 53. McMillen, J. H., and Scott, G. H.: An Interrupted Arc for Spectral Analyses , Rev. Scient. Instruments 8:121, 1937. 54. Masson, P.: Carcinoids and Nerve Hyperplasia of the Appendicular Mucosa . Am. J. Path. 4:181, 1928. 55. MacCardle, R. C.; Engman, M. F., Jr., and Engman, M. F.: (a) Spectrographic Analysis of Neurodermatitic Lesions: A Human Magnesium Deficiency , Arch. Dermat. & Syph. 44:429 ( (Sept.) ) 1941; 56. Mineral Changes in Neurodermatitis Revealed by Microincineration , MacCardle Arch. Dermat. & Syph. (Sept.) 47:335, 1943. 57. footnote 41. 58. Ludford, R. J.: Cell Organs During Keratinization in Normal and Malignant Growth , Quart. J. Micr. Sc. 69:27. 1924. 59. Macallum, A. B.: On the Distribution of Assimilated Iron Compounds Other than Hemoglobin and Hematins in Animal and Vegetable Cells , Quart. J. Micr. Sc. 8:175, 1895. 60. Gatenby, J. B.; Painter, T. S., and others: The Microtomist's Vade-Mecum (Bolles Lee) , ed. 10, Philadelphia, P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1937. 61. Baumberger, J. P.; Suntzeff, V., and Cowdry, E. V.: Methods for the Separation of Epidermis from Dermis and Some Physiologic and Chemical Properties of Isolated Epidermis , J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 2:413, 1942. 62. Bensley, S. H.: On the Presence, Properties and Distribution of the Intercellular Ground Substance of Loose Connective Tissue , Anat. Rec. 60:93, 1934. 63. McClean, D.: Studies on Diffusing Factor , Biochem. J. 35:159, 1941. 64. Chain, E., and Duthie, E. S.: Identity of Hyaluronidase and Spreading Factor , Brit. J. Exper. Path. 21:324, 1940. 65. Meyer, K., and Chaffee, E.: The Mucopolysaccharides of Skin , J. Biol. Chem. 138:491, 1941. 66. King, E. J., and Belt, T. H.: The Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Silica , Physiol. Rev. 18:329, 1938. 67. Keilin, D.: Cytochrome and Intracellular Oxidase , Proc. Roy. Soc., London, s.B 106:418, 1929. 68. Anson, M. L., and Mirsky, A. E.: Heme and Tissue Iron , J. Gen. Physiol. 12:401, 1929. 69. de Robertis, E.: Estudios de histofisiologia hepatica , Buenos Aires, G. Buffarini, 1939. 70. Nikolsky, P. V.: Materïalî k ucheniyu o pemphigus foliaceus Cazenavi [Pemphigus Foliaceus], Thesis, Kïev, V. I. Zavadzki, 1896. 71. Dr. V. Suntzeff, of the Barnard Free Skin and Cancer Hospital, translated Nikolsky's thesis.

Journal

Archives of Dermatology and SyphilologyAmerican Medical Association

Published: Apr 1, 1943

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