Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology

Ritter, Anne M.; Eron, Leonard D.

doi: 10.1037/h0060876pmid: 14937948

Non-normal groups of psychoneurotics and schizophrenics deviated from expectation (in respect to theme and emotional tone) at a reliably higher frequency than did normal control groups. In respect to the "outcome," no differences in excess of chance were found between the normal and patient groups.

Sopchak, Andrew L.

doi: 10.1037/h0056247pmid: 14937949

"This study, as a whole, indicates that tendencies toward abnormality as measured by the MMPI are in general associated with failure to identify with the parents, especially in the case of men. This general tendency also holds somewhat for women in so far as identification with the father is concerned . . . . For both men and women failure to identify with the father is more closely associated with trends toward abnormality than is failure to identify with the mother."

Mandler, George; Sarason, Seymour B.

doi: 10.1037/h0062855pmid: 14937950

"The present study was designed to investigate the influence of anxiety, as evoked by a testing situation, on the performance of typical intelligence test items. Relevant hypotheses were postulated on the basis of S-R behavior theory . . . . It appears that the optimal conditions for a high anxiety group are those in which no further reference is made to the testing situation, and that the optimal conditions for a low anxiety group are those in which the subjects are given a failure report."

Gilchrist, J. C.

doi: 10.1037/h0054720pmid: 14937951

This study attempts to answer the question, "what will be the grouping choices of a random collection of individuals when action not of individuals but of groups is required for further possible goal attainment? . . . It is also an attempt to derive the consequences of the application of success and failure upon grouping choices through the use of 2 hypothetical constructs of psychology. These constructs are (a) level of aspiration and (b) expectation."

Skelly, Clyde G.; Haslerud, George M.

doi: 10.1037/h0058664pmid: 14937952

"Both individually and as a group the patients showed significant increase in activity when livelier music was played to them . . . . It is concluded that the therapeutic effects of music such as used in this experiment are temporary, and its probable main use would be as an adjuvant to other therapy."

Malone, Anthony J.; Massler, Maury

doi: 10.1037/h0060287pmid: 14937953

"The purpose of this investigation was (1) to describe a simple, quantitative method of assessing different degrees of nailbiting, and (2) to accumulate statistically reliable data on the prevalence of different degrees of nailbiting in children."

Filer, Robert J.

doi: 10.1037/h0055925pmid: 14937954

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of 3 variables attainment, expectation of attainment, and merit, involvement, upon the attractiveness of goal objects. Differential results with well-adjusted and poorly-adjusted groups are reported.

Postman, Leo; Brown, Donald R.

doi: 10.1037/h0053993pmid: 14937955

"This experiment is concerned with the conditions governing perceptual selectivity to stimuli connoting success and failure. The hypothesis was tested that perceptual selectivity does not necessarily favor success-related (wish-fulfilling) over failure-related (wish-denying) symbols. Relative sensitivity to these two types of stimuli depends, at least in part, on the situational context in which they appear . . . . Experimental manipulation of situational context can, therefore, significantly influence thresholds for words connoting success and failure."

Wapner, Seymour; Alper, Thelma G.

doi: 10.1037/h0056409pmid: 14937956

"The effect of audience, of instructions and of materials on time to make a choice was studied."

Eriksen, Charles W.

doi: 10.1037/h0055002pmid: 14937957

"The hypothesis for the present study may be stated as follows: In a situation where failure is ego-threatening, individuals who have a high success-to-failure recall ratio will show a greater degree of perceptual defense than will individuals with a low success-to-failure recall ratio . . . . The results show . . . the main effect of ego involvement on the recall of completed vs. incompleted tasks is to increase greatly the group variance . . . . The increase in variance with ego involvement reflects marked individual differences in response to threat."