Multiple personalityTaylor, W. S.; Martin, M. F.
doi: 10.1037/h0063634pmid: N/A
Multiple personality is the climax of failures of integration shown in restlessness, somnambulism, daydreaming, dissociation, and psychoneuroses. It reveals more about these "sides of personality" than does hypnosis. Seventy-six cases of multiple personality are summarized in tabular form, with analysis by type of amnesia and differences between the various personalities of one individual. Suggestion plays a contributing role, but the predisposition to multiple personality goes much deeper. A bibliography of 114 titles is included.
The signs of incipient fascismEdwards, A. L.
doi: 10.1037/h0055964pmid: N/A
The writer's study of attitudes of 250 persons in Akron differs somewhat from Stagner's study (see ^W11:^n 4256, 4257; ^W16:^n 4936) in showing a direct increase of fascist attitudes with increasing level of income. But it agrees with many other studies in showing a widespread belief in principles of fascism by persons who reject the label. Democratic principles are not as deeply founded in this country as we might hope, and they need to be strengthened by clearly contrasting them to specific fascist ideas. 43-item bibliography.
The literature on panicStrauss, A. L.
doi: 10.1037/h0062594pmid: N/A
Past and present analyses of panic are summarized with respect to theories of causation and methods of prophylaxis. The disagreement in emphasis upon various physiological, psychological, and sociological factors indicates that the specific causes of panic are not yet known. The usual methods of social psychology are not well adapted to a direct study of panic. Better methods must be developed. 18-item bibliography.
Toward a professional code for psychological consultantsSutich, A.
doi: 10.1037/h0060936pmid: N/A
Consulting psychology has developed sufficiently to warrant the adoption of a written code of ethics. The code should recognize the democratic (voluntary) relationship between client and consultant and should be explained to each client. The psychologist must avoid transference, evaluative judgments, or an advisory role. He should have the client's consent before trying any techniques or seeking outside aid. The client should be responsible for selecting goals and determining the adequacy of his adjustment. This code, developed through years of practice, has had some validation in the good will of clients. It is recommended as a basis for discussion of an A.P.A. code of ethics. Inter- and intraprofessional aspects, personal orientation, and legal matters should also be considered.
Attitudes toward cripplesMussen, P. H.; Barker, R. G.
doi: 10.1037/h0054156pmid: N/A
One hundred seventeen Stanford students were asked to rate the characteristics of crippled persons (in general) on 24 linear scales. They also indicated the characteristics of an ideal person on the same scales. Differences between the two sets of ratings show wide variations in favorableness of attitude toward cripples, but the ratings are favorable for over half of the traits.
Strephosymbolia and reading disabilityWeber, C. O.
doi: 10.1037/h0059208pmid: N/A
Tachistoscopic tests show that college freshmen who failed to profit from remedial reading work make a larger number and a larger proportion of reversal errors than do students who gain from remedial work. This tends to support Orton's theory of a special "reversal' disorder of reading. Low- and high-gain groups of remedial trainees showed no other significant differences except in grades. Similar studies need to be made with younger, unselected persons.
Why does the speech of stutterers improve in chorus reading?Pattie, F. A.; Knight, B. B.
doi: 10.1037/h0054206pmid: N/A
Twelve stutterers read before a small audience under several conditions: alone, in unison with a second person, in unison with a person whose voice was heard by telephone, and in unison reading of different passages. The number of speech blocks shows no consistent influence of the presence of the unison reader but shows a marked influence of hearing unison reading of the same passage. This suggests that the benefits of unison reading depend upon more factors than the decrease of conspicuousness and emotional tension.
Mental deterioration in senile psychosisCleveland, S. E.; Dysinger, D. W.
doi: 10.1037/h0058742pmid: N/A
Qualitative indications of deterioration were obtained from the Wechsler-Bellevue Test and the Goldstein-Scheerer Sorting Test administered to 20 senile psychotics and 5 schizophrenics. Members of both groups were able to respond to verbal items on an apparently abstract level although unable to sort objects on an abstract basis. Abstract sorting seems unrelated to level of ability on the Wechsler-Bellevue scale. Apparently seniles use the so-called abstract verbal concepts with more restricted meanings. The object sorting of seniles and schizophrenics is qualitatively similar.
Review of 'Manuel de psiquiatría'Allport, Gordon W.
doi: 10.1037/h0050644pmid: N/A
Reviews the book, Manuel de psiquiatría (Manual of Psychiatry) by Emilio Mira y López (1943). In view of the fact that the "field" of psychiatry has acquired the dimensions and character of a morass, one of the most hopeful signs for psychiatry is the production of a work that nevertheless betokens the opening of clear paths through the morass's rank growth, sterile mudholes, and treacherous quicksands. To the question as to how, apart from such triumphs of conception and style, the author manages to bring the innumerable loose ends of psychiatric knowledge and theory together into an inclusive and intelligible whole, the answer as revealed in the work is a tacit formulation of the principal ways in which modern psychiatry (or at least North American psychiatry) became a morass; it is likewise a tacit formulation of the much-needed correctives.
Review of 'La Personalidad y el Carácter'Allport, Gordon W.
doi: 10.1037/h0052960pmid: N/A
Reviews the book, La Personalidad y el Carácter (Personality and Character) by Honorio Delgado (1943). The book is a brief survey from a psychological point of view of the fields of personality and character. Commencing with definitions and methodology, the book discusses the structure, the evolution, and the dynamics of personality, in a long chapter reviews the typologies of Kretschmer, Jaensch, Pfahler, Jung, and Spranger, goes on to consider genetic factors and conditions of integration, and concludes with a chapter on characterography, which includes expressive and documentary diagnostics. The book is complete with a five-page bibliography and indices, and is exceptionally well printed.