Preprocessing to improve the accuracy of recognition of radioelement components in automated assembly devicesSemenishchev, Evengii; Zelensky, Aleksandr; Zdanova, Marina; Ilukhin, Yuriy; Voronin, Viacheslav; Sizyakin, Roman
doi: 10.1117/12.2646164pmid: N/A
The article presumes a data processing algorithm that improves the accuracy of recognition of radio-electronic components in devices for automated installation. The paper proposes the use of a multicriteria filtering method that allows you to automatically change the smoothing coefficient. Varying the coefficient allows both reducing the noise component and preserving the boundaries of the radio elements without blurring. In order to enhance the contours of objects, a data simplification method is applied using the technique of reducing the range of clusters of color gradient histograms while preserving the shapes of objects. At the stage of detecting the boundaries of the elements and forming the structure of the elements of the radio component base, a modified one-dimensional two-criteria method is used. The combined analytical approach allows detection of the boundaries of radioelements and increases the productivity of the process. As test data used to evaluate the effectiveness, pairs of test images obtained by sensors fixed at various magnifications with a resolution of 1024x768 (8 bit, color image, visible range) are used. Images of simple shapes are used as analyzed objects
Autocollimator for measuring three angular and three linear deformations of industrial structuresDang, Ding Duan; Konyakhin, Igor; Li, Renpu; Xiao, Han
doi: 10.1117/12.2643763pmid: N/A
Nowadays, linear displacement and angle measuring devices are widely used in the assembly, calibration and deformation monitoring of industrial structures. The Optic-electronic autocollimators for non-contact measurements are highly effective in these cases, since the measurement has a large measuring distance and high accuracy, but the existing autocollimation sensor for measuring angular and linear coordinates consists of two separate measuring systems and two reflectors, respectively. This disadvantage is a major obstacle for determining 6 motion coordinates at a point of the object. Autocollimator is suggested, capable of determining 6 object motion parameters (3 3 rotation angles and 3 linear displacements). The two main components of the autocollimator are the special reflector at the track point of the monitored object and radiating-receiver unit at the rigid base. A specially constructed tetrahedral prism is used as a reflector. Two emission marks are placed directly in front of the radiation receiver objective. Each emission mark after reflecting through the faces of the reflector produces 6 images, so with two emission marks 12 images are produced behind the reflector. The displacement of the object is calculated from the coordinates of the images obtained on the sensor. Mathematical models that determine the displacement of the object based on the image coordinates on the matrix photo receiver have been built. A comparative analysis between the optic-electronic autocollimators and the existing schemes was performed by computer simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has a smaller error. In addition, the simple and compact structure is also one of their outstanding advantages.
Measurement of temperature and temperature profile of nanoparticle additive liquid fuel by interferometryAgarwal, Shilpi
doi: 10.1117/12.2644229pmid: N/A
The transport sector accounted for final energy use and baseline CO2 emissions projected to approximately double by 2050 (IPCC, 2014). A solution for increasing fuel economy to significantly reduce the release of CO2 is multifaceted and needs to be scientifically and economically feasible. Fuel-borne additives is a cost effective as well as attractive method for both emission reduction and better fuel economy. As per our understanding lots of experimental studies were reported the use of mixed oxide nanoparticles for efficiency improvement but much work has not been carried out on combustion analysis in the presence of catalytic nanoparticles, which in fact is the novelty of the present work. Interferometric methods are non-contact type, which do not interfere with the field of the flame, so they cause no disturbance in the flow field and can provide full profile of temperature of flame at any instant of time. Moreover these techniques are more accurate, precise, and robust in comparison to the conventional measurement techniques. In this work Talbot interferometry has been proposed for the combustion analysis in the presence of nanoparticles due to its various advantages.
Tracking and shooting system based on trajectory predictionChen, Yifan; Liu, Ming; Dong, Liquan; Hui, Mei; Zhao, Yuejin; Kong, Lingqin
doi: 10.1117/12.2643852pmid: N/A
Moving target trajectory prediction is a typical multidisciplinary research issue involving intelligent science and technology and transportation engineering. Automatic tracking and shooting is a field with significant theoretical research and practical application values in the problem of moving target trajectory prediction. With the increasing demand for tracking shooting, the requirements for target tracking are also getting higher and higher, which has attracted widespread attention in recent years. In the last few years, automatic shooting has gained attention. It can automatically follow athletes and event training to provide more competition videos and also serve as a guiding tool for competition monitoring. Due to the complexity of the target trajectory, tracking shooting has gradually become one of the difficulties in the researches of the area. Most of the traditional methods of trajectory prediction use mathematical models to predict the states and behaviors of targets, however, the computational complexity of traditional methods is high and they show poor performance in real scenarios. The tracking shooting system proposed in this study converts the detected three-dimensional moving objects into two-dimensional images by joining the turntable, employing encoder-decoder model and using an end-to-end computing method based on long-term memory network, and makes full use of the position and action posture information of acquired moving objects, so that it can deeply mine the historical position information and behavioral habit semantics of moving targets and realize effective mapping with future trajectories, predict the position information at the future moment, and then control the turntable to realize the tracking and shooting of 3D moving targets.
Interferometric measurement of thickness variation of double-sided polished waferBian, Xiaoyue; Han, Sen; Cheng, Jun; Zhang, Linghua; Wang, Quanzhao; Li, Xueyuan; Wu, Quanying
doi: 10.1117/12.2643049pmid: N/A
Wafer, the primary material used to make semiconductor chips, are found in almost every type of electronic device used in everyday life. As the quality of wafer used in large-scale integrated circuits has improved considerably, the diameter of wafer has continued to increase, and the thickness of silicon wafer has become increasingly thin. Wafer manufacturers and device manufacturers are increasingly focusing on wafer thickness variation. In the past few years, the usual capacitive tools for wafer inspection have been replaced by interferometric tools for higher sensitivity and resolution. We, therefore, describe a method that uses two Fizeau-type phase-shift interferometers to simultaneously measure the front and back surfaces of a vertically placed wafer and calculate the thickness variation of the wafer based on the resulting morphologies. The reliability of the method was verified by comparing the wafer thickness variation obtained from experimental measurements with that obtained from optical glass bonding. Over three days, five consecutive measurements were performed daily on 50mm wafer using this method, and the experimental results showed that the average values of RMS (Root Mean Square) of the thickness variation calculated for each day were 41.843nm, 40.751nm, and 40.490nm, and the average values of PV (Peak to Veally) were and 206.761nm, 205.252nm, and 209.800nm, and the measurements proved to be highly reproducible. The method has good stability and reliability to meet the measurement of wafer thickness variation.
Deep learning profilometry for single-frame absolute 3D shape reconstructionXu, Zhiyi; Qian, Jiaming; Li, Yin; Jiang, Yuheng
doi: 10.1117/12.2641926pmid: N/A
Recovering high-precision 3D information of dynamic scenes from single-frame fringe pattern is a major challenge in the field of fringe projection profilometry (FPP). Inspired by the successful application of deep learning in the field of FPP, we achieve single-frame, high-precision 3D measurement through the combination of data driven and physical model-based approaches. More specifically, we utilize deep learning with powerful feature extraction ability to reduce the number of fringe images required for phase demodulation to the physical limit. Then stereo phase unwrapping (SPU) approach based on geometric constraint is used to unwrap the high frequency wrapped phases obtained from deep learning, which maximizes the efficiency of FPP without projecting additional auxiliary patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can realize high-precision 3D measurement only by a single projection, overcoming the motion sensitivity problem compared to traditional methods in dynamic scenes.
Design of wireless control system for dual beam interferometerJia, Xu; Han, Sen; Wu, Quanying; Zhang, Linghua; Li, Xueyuan; Wang, Quanzhao
doi: 10.1117/12.2643444pmid: N/A
The traditional interferometry method of large aperture optical elements relies on changing the beam expansion lens and optical path structure artificially according to different test samples, which inevitably introduces some systematic errors. Therefore, this paper proposes a corresponding dual-wire control scheme according to the functional requirements and simulation experiments of dual-optical path interferometer. This scheme is based on serial communication protocol and Zigbee communication protocol. Through the coordination of Zigbee wireless control, serial software control and mechanical structure, the optical path can be folded and calibrated for many times, so that the changing position of the optical element after each switch of measurement aperture is fixed. The real-time status is displayed in the interactive interface developed based on MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes). Finally, the whole system is tested and verified. The results show that the system can basically complete the real-time debugging of the optical path, which provides a practical design idea for the automatic control of the hybrid interferometer in the future.
A polarization adjustment module for frequency aliasing of heterodyne grating interferometerGao, Lyuye; Zhu, Junhao; Huang, Guangyao; Wang, Guochao; Wang, Shengtong; Ni, Kai; Wang, Xiaohao; Li, Xinghui
doi: 10.1117/12.2643934pmid: N/A
Heterodyne grating interferometer is widely used in precision positioning due to its high precision and robustness. However, the polarization states of two frequency components in a dual-frequency laser are easy to overlap with each other because of the non-ideality of optical components. It will cause nonlinear error, which limits the measurement precision of the grating interferometer. To improve the frequency aliasing of heterodyne grating interferometer, a polarization adjustment module is proposed to adjust the polarization angle of the dual-frequency laser. The dual frequency system outputs two laser beams with different frequencies separately. The module realizes the polarization adjustment of the two frequency components through two groups of the polarizers and the half-wave plates (HWP). Finally, the polarization directions of two frequency components are orthogonal and combined by the beam splitter (BS). Thus, the nonlinear error caused by frequency aliasing is removed. The polarization adjustment module has the advantages of not changing the direction of the laser propagation and simple structure, which makes it easy to realize integration. It can provide a reference for the solution of frequency aliasing of heterodyne grating interferometer.
A method for multi-target human behavior recognition in small and medium scenesYang, Tao; Dong, Liquan; Kong, Lingqin; Chu, Xuhong; Zhao, Yuejin; Liu, Ming
doi: 10.1117/12.2643962pmid: N/A
Aiming at the low accuracy of behavior recognition technology for multi-target human behavior recognition in small and medium scenes, a method for multi-target human behavior recognition in small and medium scenes is proposed. In this paper, YOLOv5 and DeepSort are used to detect, track and locate human targets in the video stream. According to the detection frame, the appropriate size of the human target is cropped as the input image of the behavior recognition module to reduce the interference of human behavior background, and finally realize the multi-target human body behavior recognition. The behavior recognition module is composed of an improved C3D network, and the features extracted by YOLOv5 are shared with the behavior recognition module to reduce the amount of computation. Experiments show that this method achieves end-to-end recognition,and can recognize the behavior of different target human bodies in small and medium scenes, and achieves comparable results.